Biography
Claude Deussy yaive imwe yeanonyanya kufungidzira maFrench commevedza ekupedzisira kwe19 - kutanga kwamazana emakore. Nhengo yeNharaunda ye "Art Rogoevek", uyo aisaziva tsika dzekare, akava munyori wenhamba ivhu mabasa uye akazivikanwa nemumiriri mukuru webazi reEurope yeEuropean.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Ashil Claude Debussy akaberekerwa kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweParissi OnAxugul 22, 1862 uye aive wedangwe pavana vashanu Manuel-Achilla debussy nemukadzi wake Maniuri. Kusvika 1870, mhuri yemunguva yemberi yaigara muguta reFrance, ndokuzotamira kuCannes, kuimba yehama pamudzanyemba mutsara wemberi. Ikoko, zvishoma claude akatanga kudzidzisa mutambo piyano pasi pekutarisirwa kweMuroyi weItaly Jean Cherutti.
Dhebhiri rakazova mudzidzi ane tarenda uye pazera diki rakapinda muParis Conservatory, kwaakadzidza maitiro ekutamba kwekutamba zvishandiso zvekhibhodi, Solfeggio, kuumbwa, nyaya uye dzidziso yemimhanzi. Muna 1874, Claude akagamuchira mari yekutanga yekuurayiwa kweiyo chopin consert uye akawana mukurumbira seanoyepi pianist.
Mukati mezororo rezhizha, 1879 DEBUSSY akafadza vashanyi veimba yechikoro uye vakakurumidza kupindwa muropa neumbozha. Kwapera gore, vachitsvaka upenyu wakanaka, jaya racho muimbi uye mudzidzisi kuti patrian kuhofisi Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky, tariro of Mecc, uye 2 makore akafamba muFrance, Switzerland, Italy uye Russia. Pakazosvika 1882, Claude yakanyorwa miniature "ballade à La Lune", "Madrid, Prinessse des Espagnes" uye piyano "trio munyu munyu".
Iyo Deussi Cornetervatory yakaramba yakakonzera kutsamwa kwevadzidzisi, kuvhiringidza classic canons yekuumbwa. Zvakangodaro, muna 1884, akagamuchira "mubairo wechiRoma" weCantatant "weCanfantant" enfant lefantant "uye akaenderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake muItari. Mimhanzi yemunharaunda haina kukurudzira Claude, uyo akange asarudza kuve nemazano ake ekugadzira ekusika, pasina kudonha pasi pesimba revashandi vakakurumbira.
Ndokusaka mabasa ehupenyu hweItari yehupenyu hweDhiri, zvichienderana nechibvumirano chedzidzo, anoburitswa mukuchengetwa, vadzidzisi vakawanikwazve, midziyo uye zvisinganzwisisike. Kudzokera kuParis, Claude akarasikirwa ne "rusununguko", vachirova pesvedzero yemimhanzi yemanyorero eiyo Richard Wagner, asi munguva pfupi akaziva kuti kugona kweGerman kwakakurumbira hakuna remangwana.
Mumhanzi
Mabasa ekutanga aDebussy akaurayiwa kakawanda paruzhinji, asi haana kumuunzira zvakanyanya uye mukurumbira. Pasinei neizvi, vatinoshanda navo vakaziva tarenda remunyori wechidiki uye muna 1893 vakazvitora muDhipatimendi reMimhanzi yeNational Mimhanzi, apo Clhurode yakaunzwa chete kuti "tambo quartet", iyo yakazonyoreredzwa mimhanzi yeMaurice.
Mugore rimwe chetero, chiitiko chakaitika chakave nekukosha kiyi yeiyo nzvimbo yekugadzira yeDigussy. Muumbi akashanyira yekutanga kwekutamba pane yekutamba Maurice meterlinka "Palleas naMelizanda" uye vakasarudza kuti kurongeka uku kunofanira kuberekwa patsva mumutongo we opera. Nenguva isipi Deussi akagamuchira mvumo yemunyori weBelgian kumumhanzi wekujaira basa uye, pasina kurasikirwa nenguva, akatanga kushanda.
Iwo main makate emangwana opera opera anoumbwa muna Zvita 1894. Panguva imwecheteyo, nhetembo yeSporthony Prelude Debussy "Alepton nhandaro yeFavna" yakaunzwa mumimhanzi yenyika ", iyo yakawana ruzhinji.
Muna 1900, Claude akatanga kushanyira misangano yenhoroondo dzisina kurongwa "Les vakunda", izvo zvaisanganisira vadiki, venhetembo uye vaimbi nemamiriro ezvinhu e "maActiistic account. Nhengo zhinji dzesangano iri dzakapindwa neyekutanga kweiyo orchestral "notturnov" degussy inonzi "makore", uye "Siren". Ongororo yeiri basa racho rakashatirisa: Vamwe vatsoropodzi vakatenda kuti mutambi akadzika kumashure, vamwe vakarumbidza simba, runako, rusununguko runotyisa uye fungidziro inoshamisa yemunyori.
Kubva 1898, Claude akashanda pachirevo cheiyo debut opera uye yakatungamira kutaurirana nehutungamiri hweParis yemitambo mukutarisana neAnre meseji uye Albert Carre. Semhedzisiro, muna Kubvumbi 1902, "Opéra-comique" akabata preemiere ye "pelleas uye melleas uye melleas uye melleas uye melleas uye melleas uye melonda", izvo zvakakamura veruzhinji pane vateveri uye vanogunun'una.
Kunyangwe mafungiro ari pabasa idzva raDebussy aive akajeka, Operera akakurumidza kuve akakurumbira uye akaita munyori neyekuchinjisa kurongeka kwemauto ekurumbidza, anozivikanwa muFrance uye dzimwe nyika dzeEurope. Vocal Scoring yakaburitswa muna Chivabvu 1902, uye kubudiswa kwakazara kwemanyoro kwakabudiswa muna 1904.
Muna 1905, muParis, Deussi akatanga kuburitsa basa rekutaura "Gungwa", iro rakapetwa makakatanwa, achidziya kufarira kugona kwehusungwa. Pakupera kwema1900s, kuumbwa kwekunyarara kwaiwanzoonekwa mumapurogiramu emisangano yavo uye kune dzimwe nyika. Suite "kona yevana" uye zvidimbu zvake "Kutamba kwechando" uye "mufudzi mudiki" akashandisa zvakanyanya mukurumbira.
Kuzivikanwa kweruzhinji kwakasundidzirwa kushatirisa kushanda. Muna 1910-1913, mutambi akagadzira kutamba kwakakurumbira piyano, nzvimbo inokosha pakati payo, inokatyamadzwa ", inosanganisira mabhuku maviri uye aisanganisira zvigunwe zvakadai" musikana ane mitsara yefirakiti "uye" terrace emisi muvharo weLunar. "
Muna 1914, Claude akatanga kushanda nedanho re6 sonatas zvishandiso zvakasiyana-siyana, asi chirwere chinouraya chakadzivirirwa nekumuwanira zvizere. Iyo yekupedzisira nyanzvi yehondo yaive basa reVilin nepiyano, rakanyorwa muna 1917.
Hupenyu Hwako
Munguva yemakore ekudzidza muDeussi Conservatory, kunzwa kwakasimba kwerudo kwakaedzwa. Kuchiva kwake kwaive mudzidzi weboka rekuimba anonzi Marie, uyo aive akaroora muparidzi vevateereri vechidiki Henri Vasya. Nenguva isipi musikana akava vatenzikadzi vake uye mudzidzisi muse, uhu hwakapfuurira kwemakore manomwe.
Muna 1890, Marie akakoromora hukama naDhiri uye akadzokera kune mumwe wake. Kubva parudo rwemunyori, nziyo 27 dzakasiiwa dzakasarudzwa kune yakanaka Mutemo, yekupedzisira yeiyo yaive yekuumbwa kweMandolin.
Nguva pfupi yapfuura kupatsanurwa neMadame vänail claude akasangana nemukunda weiyo tailor kubva kuLiziee, iyo yakanzi Gabriel Dupont. Makore matatu mushure mekutanga kwekutanga kwaStaude naGabi hukama hweGabi, hupenyu hwakasiyana muParis hwakatanga. Panguva imwecheteyo, DEBUSSII yakatanga bhuku remuimbi teresa roger uye muna 1894 zviri pamutemo zvakamupa ruoko nemoyo wake. Shamwari uye vazivikanwe vakashora maitiro ekunyomba emugadziri uye akapizira mukumisikidzwa kweichi kuita.
Makore mashanu gare gare, Claude, pakupedzisira, akaroora shamwari yake Marie-rosalie. Texie pane zita rekuti Licknamed Lilly. Zvinonakidza kuti chokwadi chekuti kubvumidzwa kwemuroora kwakava pasi pekutyisidzira kuzviuraya. Mumwe womumwe wechidiki aida, anoshanda uye akananga, ainyatsoda vanhu vakatenderedza Doussy.
Nekudaro, lilly haana kuvhenekera nepfungwa uye haana kunyatsonzwisisa mimhanzi, saka Claude, ane nyota hukama hwekutanga, akatumira mumwe wako kuvabereki uye akatanga bhuku rine muimbi akaroora emma Bardak. Mukadzi wepamutemo wemugadziri akadzidza nezve kupokana uye akaedza kuzviuraya. Ichi chiitiko chakatungamira kune ruzhinji runyorwa rwakanyima Debussi kutsigira uye kuremekedza vaunoshanda naye neshamwari.
Muna 1905, mudiwa ane nhumbu waClemode akasiya murume wake, uye vaviri ava vakawa kubva paziro yeruzhinji muLondon. Kana hurukuro dzainge dzadzikira, vadikani vakadzokera kuFrance uye vakatenga imba muParis pane Avenue Fosh, kwaiwana mwanasikana chete, uyo akagamuchira zita reEmma uye zita remuviri weShushu. Makore matatu mushure mekuuya kwemwana, Bardak naDebussy vakaroora uye vakapedza pamwe chete zvakasara zvehupenyu.
Izvo zvichiri kuzivikanwa kana Deussy achida mumwe munhu kuti ave zvechokwadi. Akanyatsonzwa nemimhanzi, haana kufunga nezve hupenyu hwake pachavo. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti kunyorwa kwaive kusangana nemhosva kumwanasikana wake, iyo yakazova chinhu chemapikicha mazhinji anowanikwa muArchive yemuchengeti akakurumbira Frenchman ane mukurumbira wechiFrench.
Rufu
Muna 1908, Deussi akaonekwa - colorel cancer, akazotevera chikonzero chekufa kwemugadziri, uyo akapedza makore gumi mukurwira kurwadziwa kunotyisa. Muna 1915, vanachiremba vaishanda pa claude, asi mhedzisiro yacho yaingova yekuvandudzwa kwechinguvana.
Kana chirwere chakatsetazve, muFrance akakurumbira emaFrance akaramba achiratira mimhanzi uye aite nemakonzo, kwenguva yekupedzisira yaaionekwa munharaunda kuSonatata yeVilin uye piyano Premier 1917.
Mukutanga kwa1918, Claude akasungwa pamubhedha uye akararama chete nekutenda kune mukadzi waEmma nemwanasikana waShushu. Kurapa kwacho hakuna kuchabatsira, uye muna Kurume 25, 1918, Debussy akafa muParis, mumba make pane fosh.
Zviitiko zvehondo yehondo yenyika yekutanga yakadzivirira kuronga mariro akakosha. Muviri wemugadziri unoperekedzwa mumigwagwa isina chinhu uye yakavigwa kwenguva pfupi mumakuva epar lashez. Nzvimbo iyi inopesana nekuda kwekupedzisira kwemushakabvu, uya waida 'kuzorora pakati pemiti nediri, saka mushure megore coffin yakadzikama pabhangi riripo, padyo neiyo boulogne sango.
Mushandi anoshanda
- 1882 - Suite "Triumph Vakas"
- 1882 - Nocturne uye Scherzo yeViolin uye piyano
- 1887 - Suite "Chitubu"
- 1891 - Prelude "masikati eFavna"
- 1893-1895 - Opera pelleas naMelizanda
- 1994 - "Mifananidzo"
- 1906-1908 - Suite "Vana Vana"
- 1910 - Prelated (chinyorwa 1)
- 1911-1913 - Prelated (chinyorwa 2)
- 1914 - "Heroic Lullaby"
- 1916-1917 - SASATA BHAIBHERI uye Piano