Biography
Ottoman Sultan Mahmoud Ii akasiyanisa nekubata kwake shanduko dzinoverengeka dzinofambira mberi, uye zvakakonzerawo kuwanda kwehukama pakati peIjipiti yeOttoman neIjipita, avo maitirwo akaitwa akazvimiririra kwehurumende yeSult.
Kwete kuzivikanwa zvakanyanya pamusoro pemutongi wemwana wemwana. Mukomana akaberekwa muzhizha ra 1785 mumuzinda weSultansky weTopkan muIstanbul. Semwanakomana waBbdullha Hamid ini - Mutambo 27 wechi 27 weumambo hweOttoman, Makmimi akaunzwa nevamwe vana, hama nehanzvadzi dzakawanda.
Mai vake vaive mukadzi wechinomwe weSultani - chivakwa chezvitsuwa chekaribhi. Neimwe nzira musikana akafamba akatenderedza pagungwa, vaPires veAfrica vakabatwa. Izvo zvakaunzwa kuHettoman Humambo sechigadzirwa chipenyu uye kutengeswa mumusika weAlgerian.
Dare Rinodzora
PaAhnoud aive mwana, akatungamira kusango kuna baba vake, airarama mukupembedzwa uye aive parutivi kubva pane zveveruzhinji. Mumwe murume akapona pahondo neHumambo hweRussia, asi mwedzi mina mushure mekukunda, maRussia akafa nekurohwa. Uye nzvimbo yake yakatorwa naChilim III, Mwanakomana waMusita III, uyo akaronga kugadzirisa zvekare Ottoman State uye kugadzirisa uto. Iko kukurudzira kuwa hwake kwaive kufara muSerbia naValahia, ivo havana kuratidza kushaya simba kwesimba reSultan.
Muna 1807, Selima anotsiva Musta IV, narwo, vatsigiri vekuchinja kwemutongi wapfuura vakatongerwa rufu. Hondo yakaenderera mberi neRussia. Kwapera gore, kupanduka kutsva kwakatanga, nekuda kweropa rakawanda pamusoro pemirairo yeMahMoud Ii, musevefa akaurayiwa, uye akava iyo 30th ottoman sulman. Saka na 23 muzvinyorwa zvemurume pane nhoroondo yemakore ake mazhinji ehurumende.
Iko kushaya simba kweumambo hweOttoman aive mumapato ake ezvematongerwo enyika uye euto, ayo, mumaonero emutongi mutsva, achida kufambisa mumuenzaniso weEurope, uyo angave ari ruponeso rweHurumende. Mahmoud funga kuti itsigire zvematongerwo enyika zveSlim.
Chinhu chekutanga chehmoud inoita - inoitisa shanduko yemauto uye kurongazve zvitunha zveYanyCharr, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive hwaro hwemauto eumambo. Uye sezvo vakaratidza kusawirirana mukati mehondo dzinoverengeka, Sultan anongoparadza zvitunha zvavo, uye nekudzoka kuvaka "uto rokukunda raMohammed."
Zvevazhinji vakatenda, haana kutora nguva, sezvo mauto matsva akange asina ruzivo uye kuranga kwemugumo wehondo neGreek. Uye ipapo mutongi anomanikidzwa kunakidzwa nemauto ane zvombo zvine zvombo zvinodikanwa uye nekudzidza kwake, nekuti izvi akakoka vakanaka veEuropean.
Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanopemberera mupiro weSultan mune mutemo wedzimba weHurumende. Iye murume akatsvaga kuti afunge nezve humambo hweOttoman, nacho, zvinhu zvemidziyo uye zvakatanga kusanganisira huwandu hwevanhu, pepanhau rekutanga reOttoman turkey rakatanga kugadzirwa. Kuti uwane dzidzo yeWestern, wechidiki yakatumirwa kudzidza kunze kwenyika, simba remutemo mukuonekwa kwevanhu zvishoma nezvishoma yakaunza chitarisiko cheEurope.
Mahmoud munhu akasarudza mayunifomu ekubuda kwevanhu munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji panguva yeMuslim Holiday Ramadan, yakaunza zvipfeko zveEuropean vakatemwa uye nenyika dzeNyika. Uye kana zvisati zvaitika musimba, mutambo wamambo wevarume nevakadzi hauna kugona kupfuura, mushure mekutorwa kwemitemo mitsva, kutonga uku kwakabvisirwa kunze.
Shanduko dzakaitika kwete chete mukuonekwa kwenyika. Mahnod akatorawo matambudziko ezvidzidzo zvekunyika. Imari dzidzo iyo idzo dzidzo, mauto uye nyanzvi dzedzidziso dzedzidzo dzakatanga kuoneka muMusangano weOttoman.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kuedza kwakaitwa kugadzira hurongwa hweTurkey media uye kukudziridza indasitiri yeTypography. Uye zvakare, shanduko iyi yakanatswa nekusimbisa masimba pakati, uye nekukurwisa hunhu hwemaprovince uye kusiiswa kwechifudzi kubva kune zviremera. Mitemo yeruzhinji uye yematsotsi yakatwasuka zvakare yakatambura shanduko dzakanaka.
Mukuwedzera, isu tave tisina simba kurambidzwa pane zvekunwa zvinodhaka uye kutengeswa kwavo. Shanduro idzi dzose uye zvigadzirwa zvinowanzoita kuti mhinduro dzisina kunaka kubva pamagariro ese munharaunda, dzaive dzakadururwa nguva nenguva mukukwira. Uye hazvishamise, nekuti kazhinji vaiwanzopesana netsika uye hunyanzvi hwunozivikanwa hwehupenyu hwevanhu veOttoman. Pasinei nekuedza kweSultan, nyika yakaramba ichingoshivirira kukundwa kwehutano.
Zvishoma nezvishoma vakarasikirwa neOttoman Humambo uye aimbova rusununguko mune zvekunze mitemo nyaya. Mune zvirevo zvematongerwo enyika uye zvehupfumi, nyika yacho yakadonha nekuda kwekukundwa kwemauto. Chipo chakadzikira, iyo nyika yakadzikiswa, izvi zvakakonzera kusimbisa kudzvinyirira mutero.
Uyezve, kutonga kwaMakhmu kuzadzwa nehondo uye kurasikirwa kwenharaunda kwakakosha kunyika. Muhondo yeOttoman-Saudi, akapokana neWhatabi Stynasty, Muhammed Ali Egypt, uyo aive mukuru weSultan, akadzosera rutivi rutivi rwakaitwa pasi pesimba remagetsi. Hondo yeTurkey-yeTurkey ye 1806-1812 yakaguma neSultan haina kunaka kwazvo.
Paari kupedzisa, iyo Buchest Mpny chibvumirano yakanyorwa, nekuda kwekuti iyo turks yakatorwa naMoldova naBessarabia. Uye iyo Adrianopol World yapedza Hondo Inotevera yeRussia neOttomans muna 1829, asi zvakare yaive nemamiriro asina kukodzera ekupedzisira.
Mumakore ekutonga kwaSultani, mushure mehondo yechiGreek yekuzvimiririra, ivo vakarasikirwa neGreek, iyo mamwe masimba mazhinji eEurope akabatsirwa. Mukuwedzera, rusununguko rwakawana Egypt uye asisina hukama naIstanbul. Kubva mukuzviisa pasi kwaMahmud, gavhuna muhammed Ali akabva, aida kusika humambo hwake, uye akabva abatsira humambo hweOttoman chete yeOrussia chete.
Hupenyu Hwako
Semamwe marudzi ehutsinye hweOttoman, hupenyu hweMahmoud aive akapfuma. Pakati pevakadzi nevarongo, murume aive nevakadzi gumi nemasere avo, vakazvidzwa kwaari vana 39 (19 vanakomana nevanasikana makumi maviri). Vazhinji vavo vakafa muhudiki nehudiki, vanakomana vaviri chete nevanasikana vashanu vaigara kune vakuru. Mumwe wavo, mikhrimh-sultan, akaroora mumakore makumi maviri nemana, uye muna 1838 akabereka mukadzi wemukadzi wake. Nekudaro, nekukurumidza mushure mekubereka mwana, mukadzi, semwana wake achangozvarwa, akafa.
Kana tikataura nezvechitarisiko, chakakodzera kucherechedza kukura kwaro kudiki uye kuyananiswa kwezvivi, izvo zvinowanzoitwa mumakore iwayo wakaratidzwa mumiroto. Panguva imwecheteyo, murume uyu akasiyaniswa nechisimba uye huchenjeri hwakanyanya. Aive akavanda, akatsungirira, akaedza kuzadzisa zvinangwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, Sultani aifarira mararamiro eEurope, uye haana kudyisa chinamato.
Rufu
Kwemakore, Mahmud akapindwa muropa nekushungurudzwa kwezvinwiwa zvinodhaka. Nekufamba kwenguva, yakatanga kuparadza hutano hwevanhu uye kuderedza mashandiro aro, vachiwedzera kuve chikonzero chekumukira kwemukati uye maronda ekunze emutemo. Uye makore ekupedzisira makore 2-3 ehupenyu hwemubati aonekwa nekusaita kwayo kwakakwana semusoro weumambo.
Kupesana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekupindwa muropa nenjodzi, sultuma akatanga kugadzira chirwere idzo vanachiremba vasisiri kurarama. Mumwe murume akafa muna 1893, chikonzero cherufu chaive chisungo chemapapu uye cirrhhois yechiropa. Mushure mekufa kwaMahmud II, nzvimbo yake musimba yakatora imwe yevanakomana - Abdul-morezhid I.
Ndangariro
Muna 2019, pane rwendo rweRussia terevhizheni, "SHULTAN YEMUKADZI WANGU 'YAKAITWA NAJEREMA CHANGURLU yakatanga. Kumashure kweIstanbul, kutanga kwezana raGex kunoitika nyaya yerudo, iyo inosangana nematambudziko mazhinji nematambudziko ari munzira. Mwanasikana wemambure weRussia Anna, achishanda kumumiriri weHumambo hweRussia, anoita kuti wazivikanwe naSultan Mahmoud II.
Kuve murangariro wesumo yekuchinja kwedzidzo muhutongi hwenyika yake, murume uyu anofadzwa nepfungwa neruzivo rwemusikana akanaka, saka inomukoka kuti ashande semudzidzisi wevana vake. Pakutanga, mwanasikana wemukuru anoramba, asi pasi pekumanikidzwa kwevamwe vanhu vachiri kubvumirana.
Sezvo agara kwenguva yakati mumusimbe, musikana mudiki anonzwisisa anowira murudo naMahmoud. Nekudaro, panzira yayo, Anna anosangana nematambudziko mazhinji. Vazhinji vagari vemuHaremal Haremi vanoona musikana semuvengi, uye vana vaSultani vanoramba kuteerera mudzidzisi kubva kune imwe nyika.
Chirongwa chakaiswa mufirimu iri Fictional, nekuti pakati pevarongo uye vakadzi Sultan havana kumbobvira vevamiriri veHumambo hweRussia. Basa rehunyanzvi, Sultan, akazadzisa mutambi weTurkey Ali Ersan Duru, basa remusikana Ana akaenda kuUkraine Alexander Nifiija.