Biography
Charles Babage - Britacs Mathematicu, muzivi, muvengi uye mainjiniya, Musiki wepfungwa yemakomputa yakarongwa yedhijitari. Kutenda kuzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana ruzivo uye kushanda mumasimba akasiyana siyana wesainzi, bababa ari pakati pevakawanda vane mukurumbira polymatists vezana re xix.
Charles Babage akaberekwa musi waZvita 26, 1791 muLondon, mumhuri yaBenjamin Bababidja naErizabheti (Betsy) Rudzi Rwenyara. Mumhuri, kuwedzera kune mukomana, pakanga paine vana vatatu. Muna 1808, bababibi akatamira kumabvazuva kweTinmouth.
Baba vesaenzi yemangwana vaive vakakwana kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti Mwanakomana paakatora makore masere, amugamuchire chikoro chakazvimirira muAlfington. Mupristi uyo aipinda mudzidzo yemukomana, haana kukurudzira kutakura mwana: muhuduku, Charles anowanzo kurwara, uye vabereki vakasarudza kumaruwa kuti vabatsire mwanakomana wavo kurarama nemhedzisiro yefivha yakaoma.
Gare gare, Charles akapinda mumitambo yekurovedza muviri muSouth Devon kwenguva yakati, asi hutano husina simba hwakamumwisa kuti adzokere kubva kuvadzidzisi vega. Mushure mekugamuchira dzidzo yechikoro, babage yakapinda mune yekudzidza munzvimbo yekunyorwa. Mune ino institution Institution pakanga paine raibhurari yakakura, kuvonga iyo jaya rakatanga kufarira masvomhu. Gare gare, Charles akadzidzawo kubva kuvadzidzisi vega kuti vazadzise ruzivo rwakakwana kupinda Cambridge.
Muna 1810, bababa vakava mudzidzi weUtatu College College, asi vachangobva kudzora nguva pfupi kuodza moyo jaya - iye aive neruzivo rwakanaka kupfuura mudzidzisi. Pamwe chete neshamwari muna 1812, Charles akaumba nzanga yekuverenga, uye akabva aendeswa kune imwe Cambridge Sollecococo, maakapedza muna 1814, pasina bvunzo kugamuchira degree reBachelor.
Masvomhu uye zvigadzirwa
Kutenda kune mukurumbira wevamwe vevadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza, Charles akakurumidza kuwana budiriro mumunda wesainzi. Watova muna 1815, akadzokorora kuRambo Institute, uye muna 1816 Akava nhengo yehumambo hwehumambo. Nechikadzi, zvisinei, hazvina kukwana, uye, vachiti nzvimbo dzekudzidzisa, akaramba achiramba. Naizvozvo, kusvika 1827, murume aive nemari anotsamira kuna Baba vake uye akagamuchira mari erwa zvake mushure mekufa kwake.
Charles Bababaji aive musayendisiti akakonzerai sainzi vazhinji vane chokwadi, kubva paruoko rwehupfumi. Asi nhaka yakakurumbira yemari yaive mabasa mukuvandudzwa kwekuvhiringidza zvishandiso, inofungidzira makomputa uye makomputa emazuva ano.
Iyo yekutanga chirongwa ichi mumurume biography yaive mushini mukuru musiyano. Pfungwa yechisikwa chayo yakaonekwa paCharles muna 1822. Zvishandiso zviri pambiro chaive chekubatsira vanhu vari muhuwandu hunodiwa kuti vafambi uye vafambe, panguva iyoyo vaigara nguva yakawanda uye vaisangana nenjodzi yekukanganisa yakabvumidzwa nemunhu.
Muna 1823, sainzi yechidiki yakagoverwa kuchisikwa chezvisikwa, sezvo nzanga yehumambo, uye nzanga yekushambadzira yakanzwisisika pfungwa yeBabha. Nekudaro, Charles akatadza kuverenga nguva yacho nenzira kana nzira. Makore matatu akarongwa uye akawana £ 1,500 yakarongedzwa haina kukwana.
Pakazosvika 1827, kushandisa kwakaita zvinopfuura kaviri, uye mari yakakura kwazvo yeBabbiya yaifanira kurara kubva muhomwe yavo. Basa racho raifanira kubva kwenguva pfupi, mushure mekutambudzika kwenguva pfupi, Charles aisakwanisa kuenderera mberi nekutsvaga kwesainzi, uye sainzi yakakwanisa kudzokera kumurasiyano chete muna 1828. Mari yacho panguva iyoyo yakanga yapera, uye kuwana mari yekuwedzera kubva kune babage yemabhonzo chete muna 1830.
Mushure memakore mana, basa racho rakaburitswa, kunyangwe huwandu hwakakura hwatopedza pakugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa. £ 17 Zviuru. Yakagoverwa kune yakasikwa yemushini mutsauko, iyo nyika, imwe madhora mazana matanhatu emadhora. Vakaisa musainzi pachavo. Kusvika 1842, zviremera zvinofunga kana kuramba uchiita mari muchirongwa, uye semhedzisiro yakaramba. Munguva yehupenyu hwerarles, mudziyo wacho hauna kumbobvira waita Dodel. Mukupera kwa 1840, murume akadzoka achifunga kuti mushini wemusiyano uye akaberekerwa kugadzira vhezheni yakavandudzwa, asi kuedza uku hakuna kubhadharwa.
Zvakaoma uye zvisiri zvekupindura musiyano wemusiki hauna kumisa kubhururuka kwemifungo yaCharles, uye muna 1833 zano idzva rakauya mumusoro wake - kugadzira muchina wekuongorora, mudziyo wacho waigona kuremerwa. Kusiyana nemuchina mutsauko, aigona kugadzirisa mamwe mabasa akaoma.
Muna 1834, bababa akatanga kugadzira muchina wekuongorora, iye akatangira makomputa emadhijitari akaunza mbiri kwaari, agomba mushure mekufa. Kugadzirwa kwechishandiso kwaireva kuvapo kwerangariro (Warehouse), mills (processor Analog), kudzora uye mudziyo wekupinda uye kuendesa data. Zvakare mune dhizaini pakanga paine chimwe chinhu chakadzora kutevedzana kwekushanda, kufambidzana ne "Warehouse" uye kuverenga iyo data kubva kune yakanangana.
Pamusoro peiyo purojekiti, Charles akashanda akazvimirira, uye iye ega munhu akaona kuzere kwekuziva zano raive gehena rudo, mukadzi uyo nhasi anoonekwa seyekutanga programmer. Mabasa ayo, akavakirwa papurongwa remuchina wekuongorora, anoonekwa sebasa rekutanga mumunda wesainzi yekombuta.
Pasinei nenyaya yekuti esainzi denderedzwa yakaratidza kufarira muchina ongororo, iyo, pamwe nemushini wemushini, hauna kupedzwa. Muna 1851, musayendisiti akanyora kuti mikana yake, kunyanya yemari, haina kukwana kuti ipedze basa.
Basa raCharles mushure mekufa kwesainzi rakapfuurira nemwanakomana wake Henry. Pakazosvika 1888, akakwanisa kugadzira musangano wepakati wechiongorora, uye muna 1906, nerubatsiro rwekambani yeMonro, iyo Junior yakaitwa yakazara-yakazara.
Charles anoshanda munharaunda yemusiyano mushini anewo kuenderera mberi: mumadhirowa ayo, zvishandiso zvinoverengeka muna 1854 zvakasunungurwa muSweden. Ipapo Martin Vieriberg yakaunzwa mumhando yekuvandudza, mushure meiyo yakashandisa muchina wekuverenga mumunda wematafura logarithmic.
Chidimbu chikonzero chekutadza ndiko kwainyanya kuwandisa chido cheBabbej. Akabhadhara nguva yakawanda kune mamwe minda yesainzi, uye kubudirira. Kufarira muRailway Report kwakatungamira kuchokwadi kuti Charles akagadzira anomhanyisa uye akazova mumwe wevagadziri veTachometer. Pane chimwe chinhu chekuvonga nesainzi uye masimbi ekushanda: michina inogadzirwa yakagadzirwa naBabbeck, pamwe nenzira yekugadzira mavhiri egiya.
Basa rakakosha revayera resayenzi rakava basa rehupfumi hwehunyanzvi uye kugadzirwa. Nyaya yacho yakamutswa mubhuku nhasi inonzi "mabasa ekutsvagira". Mushure mekuburitswa, basa racho rakatengeswa zvakakwana uye muna 1836 pakanga paine atova 4 reprints. Pashure pacho, John Magedhi akafemerwa naCharles muhupfumi, uye kuvimbika kwenyaya yeBabjja kune chikamu chebasa chakaonekwa neCarl Marx.
Hupenyu Hwako
Musi waJuly 25, 1814, mucheuth weTingmouth weSt Michael Charles Bababa Pakutanga, vaviri vacho vaigara muShropshire, ipapo muna 1815 vakatamira kuDavsthire Street kuLondon.
Muwanano paCharles naGeorgi, vana 8 vakaberekerwa, asi vana vaGeorgiana, Dughad naHenry vakapona. Iyo nguva yakaoma kwazvo muhupenyu hwaCharles yaive 1827, saka Baba, mudzimai nevanakomana vaviri vesaenzi vakafa.
Chokwadi chinonakidza: Zvekuita, Babbija yakapihwa Bharoni nemazita emakore, asi nekuda kwezvemaonero avo ezvematongerwo enyika akaramba uye kubva kune mumwe.
Rufu
Charles Babbage akafa musi waGumiguru 18, 1871 mumakore makumi manomwe nemasere. Iko kukonzera rufu ndiko kutadza kweshoko kunokonzerwa nehutachiona hwenyika. Masayendisiti anovigwa kuLondon Censal Green Cemetery (iyo makuva eese yekugezesa).
Kuzvibata kwesainzi uye zvigadzirwa zveBabJJA mumunda weComputing Equipment zvakazivikanwa mushure mekufa kwaCharles. Muna 2011, vaongorori veBritain vakatanga kuita mari yakawanda yemamiriyoni ", yakagadzirirwa kugadzira muchina wechiongorora weBabhiya. Chishandiso chinofanira kunge chine 675 memory byte uye kushanda panguva yekuwedzera kwe7 hz. Yakarongwa kuti upedze basa revanofarira na2021, nguva yekuvakwa kwemota kusvika kumutambo we150 yekufa kweCharles Babha.
Nekuda kwekubatana kweiyo musayendisiti naMagnes muna 2007, mufananidzo wake wacho wakaonekwa pane banknote neinjiresi ye5 Lotton mapaundi, matunhu emunharaunda yemunharaunda.