Nhoroondo Yemunhu
Hunhu Tale Nikolai Gogol "Sinel". Mushandi murombo wepeturu wePetersburg mune chinzvimbo cheVanopa zano. Murume mudiki, anoratidzwa kusekwa zvachose kune chikamu chevadiki vadiki. Mukupedzisira, nekuda kwehurombo uye kusaziva, kunofa uye kunova mweya.Nhoroondo Yezvisikwa
"Shinel" inosanganisirwa mu "Petersburg Tale" kutenderera kweNikolai Gogol. Iyo nyaya yakatanga kubudiswa pakupera kwe 1842 sechikamu chechitatu vhoriyamu yeiyo gogol kuunganidzwa kwebasa remabasa. Kujaira ndiko kusikwa kwechinhu cheGogol, vaifamba pakati pevashandi veGogol - nezveMukuru weMarombo Anosvikira Mari Yakatora Pfuti, uye ndokurasikirwa nekutenga.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1839, Gogol anga atoita kuti ashande pane imwe nyaya, kwaive nezvemutungamiriri anoba overcoat yake. Iyo yechokwadi kubva pane yekutanga vhezheni yakachengetedzwa, pahwaro hwokupedzisira kuti pakutanga nyaya yacho yainyanya kuseka kupfuura muhofisi yekupedzisira, inozivikanwa yekuverenga.
Shanda pane nyaya yakakwenenzverwa apo munyori akaenda kune imwe nyika. GORE nehafu, gogol inoshandiswa muItari neAustria uye panguva ino akadzoka kuzoshanda pane zvinyorwa katatu, asi haana kumbounzwa nyaya yacho kusvika kumagumo. Muchirimo cha 1841, munyori akaramba achipedza basa rakamanikidzwa kubva kumuparidzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, gogol akashanda pane mamwe mamiriro uye maitiro ane zvinyorwa pamusoro peItari uye, pamwe, basa iri raive rinoda.
Mumavhesi ekutanga enyaya, hunhu hukuru hwainzi Akaki Tishkevich. Gare gare, munyori akatsiva surname yegamba kuna Bhashmakevich. Mamiriro ezvinyorwa zvakachinjawo nekufamba kwenguva, kugutsikana kwakasiiwa kwenyaya, asi kwaive nemanzwiro mazhinji uye patties. Panguva iyoyo, dingindira re "murume mudiki", mumwe mukuru wemurume akasarudzika uye ane moyo murefu uye akanyorwa akanyorwa uye akaburitswa, haana kuteerera Gogol.
Mushure mekuburitswa kwekutanga kwe 1842, zvinyorwa zvacho zvakange zvisisiri kutaurwa. Nekudaro, gare gare pesvedzero yenyaya pane vanyori vechokwadi vevanyori veGumi yekare yeXix vakaongororwa. Gogol inogadzirisa hurongwa hwemagariro panguva iyoyo uye nehutano hwemagariro kana hunhu hwemunhu hwomunhu hunorevei kune vakaderera pane kirasi yake maererano neTabel pamusoro peTabel pamusoro pebwe. Vatsoropodzi veWestern vakaona mune nyaya yeGogol yakawanda yakajairika neiyo dzidziso dzakanaka dzeErnst Theodore Hofko.
Munyori vladimir Naabokov akashandisa kufanana pakati peiyo "NdeL" yeGogol uye ngano dzeFranz Kafka "Shanduko". Mutungamiri anosiririsa, anozvininipisa uye asina kusimba, akazova kurira kune vamwe, ari munyaya yeGogol akatipukunyuka kubva kuganda remushandi mudiki uye anoshanduka kuita mweya unotyisa. Hero dzakakomberedza gamba dzinoratidzwa ne grotesque uye inhuman.
"SHINEL"
Akaki Bashmachkin anogara mu St. Petersburg uye anoshanda muzvikamu zveVanopa zano. Bashmachkin munhu mudiki uye asina kusarudzika anoda basa rekunyepedzera, kunyanya anonyora pepa. Iyo Hero Nyaya Inozadzisa Mabasa Ekukuru, asi basa racho muDhipatimendi rinotishivirira. Bashmachkin anowana muhoro webhenji uye anogara ari chinhu chekusekwa kwevashandi vadiki.
Mari yemari haapi iyo gamba kunyange kuzvipfekedza nguo. Bashmachkin inotakura iyo yekare chinl, iyo iyo kamwe pfuti pakupedzisira pakupedzisira. Gamba nderwe T-herat mari, asi iye anozivisa kuti hazvina zvazvinobatsira kutora aya makanda, icho chinel chinofanira kusaswa chitsva.
Bashmushkin ari kuyedza kuchengetedza uye kugadzirira mari yekusona sheeri nyowani. Gamba rinomira kupa pasi pekushambidza yekugeza uye nekufamba pamba mune imwe yekugezera kuti zvipfeko zvakapfeka, zvinokanda tii mumanheru uye kuvhenekera kamuri nemakenduru, nenzara. Izvo zvinouya kuseka - zvekuti zvinyorwa zvashoma kupfeka, bashmachkin zvinogamuchirwa kufamba mu tiptoe.
Pazororo, gamba rinoburitswa mubairo, uye anozova akakura zvakakwana kuti iwe ugone kuenda kunotenga zvinyorwa zvenguva yemberi. Kurota kwegamba kunoitwa, uye kamwe chete mangwanani, kudada bashmachkin kunouya kuDhipatimendi muzvipfeko zvitsva. Vashandi venhamba vanorumbidza chinhu chitsva chitsva uye vanokorokotedza gamba nekutenga, uye manheru vanokoka kuenda kuZita Zuva kune mumwe wevashandi.
Gamba rinogara mune yakanaka mushambadzi, asi manheru edekwana, apo Bashmachkin anodzoka mushure mezita kumba, vamwe vanorwisa kubvisa chinlu kubva kwaari. Mubairo wefurati anokurudzira kusava nezvokusagadzikana bashmachku kuti ubate mapurisa. Gamba rinoenda ikoko mangwana mangwana, asi izvi hazvitungamiri kune chero chinhu. Isu tinofanirwa kuenda kubasa mudhipatimendi mune yekare yakabvaruka pamusoro.
Vafambisi venhamba vanopinda munzwire tsitsi rekunzwira tsitsi uye kuraira kuti usasiyire nyaya iyi uye kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kune mumwe munhu ane simba. Nekudaro, Mr. Ndiani akakurudzirwa negamba, zvakangopenya paBashmachkhaya uye haana kubatsira.
Kufamba muSt. Petersburg muzvinyorwa zvekare zvakaratidzwazve mumhepo uye chando mamiriro ekunze, Bhashmachkin akarwara. Ehe, haana kumbopora. Mushure memazuva mashoma, gamba rinofa, uye mweya unozviratidza muguta. Inotaridzika kunge ichi chipo chemweya semukuru unova unova pendi nekupfuura nevagari nemari, uye jasi, uye huku fuma.
Iwo mweya hauna kupopomerwa kwenguva yakati, uye vamwe vaiziva bambmakkhaya panguva yehupenyu hwake vaizivikanwa negamba rakafa rakafa. Pakangoita kuti mweya wasangana netsaona neiyo munhu ane simba akaramba kubatsira iyo bashmachku panguva yehupenyu hwake, nekuchema akabvisa kubva kune chakangoenda kubva kune icho chaicho uye shure kwaizvozvo vanhu vasina kuratidza. Iyo posthumous biography yegamba pane izvi magumo.
Zita rekuti "Akaki" rakashandurwa kubva muchiGiriki rinoreva kuti "vanyoro, kwete kuita zvakaipa," uye izvi zvinoenderana nehunhu hwegamba. Bashmushkin murume wemakore makumi mashanu aine chisingaonekwe nechitarisiko. Yakaderera uye mhanza, yakatsvuka, ine ripple yakakwenenzverwa kumeso, mune yekare yakapfeka ruvara rwakabatana.
Gamba rakanga risina rokupokana, kana vadyi venhaka kana dzimba dzake. Bashmachkin akapfura kamuri kubva kune mumwe mukadzi wechikuru munzvimbo isina kunaka yeguta. Gamba racho harina hunyanzvi kana matarenda, iyo chete mukana weBashmachkhaya itsvina yakanyorova. Kunyangwe kutaura ndiyo magamba emuchato uye nyonganiso. Nechikonzero ichi, gamba renguva okusingaperi rakakumbira kunyora pepa uye hauna kuita mabasa.
Bashmachkin akashanda mudhipatimendi hupenyu hwake hwese uye aive asina zvimwe zvido. Kunyangwe pamba munguva yake yekuzorora, gamba racho rakange ratorerwa, haana kumbobvira vave nemufaro, haana kupedza nguva mukambani uye haana kana kubuda madekwana kuenda mumugwagwa. Rudzi rwekunyengedza rwe gamba rwakatsamwisa nekukwirisa kwete chete varaindi pamwe chete, asiwo vekunze. Panguva imwecheteyo, hunhu hwakafadzwa nehupenyu hwake uye hwakava zvishoma nezve izvo zvaiitika zvakatenderedza.
Kuzvidzivirira
Iyo yekutanga firimu "Sineli" yakasvika iyo USSR muna 1926. Chiitiko cheiyi iyi dema uye chena firimu yakaumbwa nenyaya mbiri dzeGogol - iyo "Sinel" uye "Nevsky tarisiro". Basa reAkhiya Bashmachina rakatamba Actor andrei Kostichkin.
Muna 1952, iyo firimu "il cappotto" ("Sinel") inotungamirirwa naAlberto Latthada yakabuda muItari. Uku ndiko kududzira kwehuremu hweGogol tale, machindwe enjodzi inova nzvimbo yekuita, uye nguva - makore 30 ezana ramakumi maviri. Basa rehunhu hukuru rinoitwa neActer Renato Rasel.
Hunhu hunotakura zita reCarmine de carmine uye anoshanda sehunyanzvi uhwo hunogashira muhoro wechidiki. Gamba rinoda jasi idzva, asi hapana mari yekutenga. Chishoma chidiki, iyo gamba inodaira jasi uye inodzokera kuzororo mukuremekedza gore idzva. Vari munzira kuenda kumba, gamba rinorwiswa nemakororo anobvisa jasi rake. Kuramba kwakatenderedza kuCarmine mubatsiro, uye anofa neshungu.
Iyo firimu inotevera yakabudiswa muna 1954 muUK inonzi "kumutsa". Iyi firimu pfupi, kwaiitwa basa guru kitter, uye nyaya yacho yakashandurwa zvakanyanya. Director vakabatanidzwa mune script of mayuntions kune antiotopia "1984" George Orwell.
Muna 1959, imwe firimu reSoviet naRoland Bykov rakabudiswa.