Biography
Peter Chaaabaeva akanzi mutsika wakanaka weguva, uye mushure mebhuku rechiRilosophical babours, rinopinda muchikamu chamambo, "unopenga." Biography yake yaive yakavakirwa pane yakati wandei mifananidzo: evasia imwe chete, Alexander chatsky, muchinda myshkina, Pierre prerzova. Kusiyana nevatambi vake, Chaadevi akagara kure nekuchiva kwevanhu uye akasiya akasurukirwa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Peter Yakovlevich ChaaayaV akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 27 (June 7) of 1794 muMoscow. Baba Yakov Petrovich vakashanda kuJudhiya kuNizhny Novgorod Crimer Crmanl Carman, amai vaive Natalia Mikhailovna, mwanasikana Prince Mikhailovich Sherbatova. Vabereki vaPetro naMikhail, mukoma wake mukuru, rufu rwekare, uye muna 1797 vakomana vakatora hanzvadzi yekutanga yaamai Ana shcherbat.
Muna 1808, Peter Chadev, akagamuchira dzidzo yakanaka yekumusha, yakapinda yunivhesiti yeMoscow. Pakati pevadzidzisi vake vaive munyori wenhoroondo yaFedor Bauz, muongorori weManyoro eMagwaro Matsvene wechiKristu Fryrich Mattei. Muzivi Johann Bule anonzi Chaadaev's waunofarira mudzidzi. Watova mumakore emudzidzi Chaadaev paakaratidza kufarira mufashoni. Memoirist Mikhail ZhikHarev akatsanangura mufananidzo wezvechirimo:
"Unyanzvi hwekubata Chaadaev akakwira pamwero wenyaya yerevo yenhoroondo."Peter Yakovlevich aive nemukurumbira kugona kutamba uye kutungamira kurukurirano yenyika yaakachiisa munyika yakanaka pakati pevakadzi. Kutarisirwa kubva kune vakomana kana vakadzi, pamwe nekukwanisika kwepfungwa pamusoro pevaZeya vakagadzira Chaadeva "kusava nehanya zvakanyanya."
Basa rehondo uye zviitiko zveveruzhinji
Hondo yeNyika 181212 yakabata hama dzeChayadayev muMascow Society of Mathematic. Vechidiki vakabatana nehupenyu Gurity SeMumenov Semiim Regiment mune chinzvimbo chevapfekeri. Kune kushinga, kuratidzwa muBorodino hondo, Petro Yakovlevich akaenda kune Ensign, akapiwa rairo yeSt. Anna neCulmist Cross yeBayonet kurwiswa muhondo iri pasi pekutya. Akatorawo muTarinsky maneja, kurwa pedyo neMaloyaroslave.
Muna 1813 Chayadaev yakashandurwa muAkhtyryrky gusar reginegment. Mucherechedzo weSergey Muravyev -Aprel akatsanangura chiitiko ichi Petro yako yakavha neyechiva chekunamatira mugusar Mundir. Muna 1816, akatamira kuhupenyu hwevanhurume yeguriment rejusar, akagadzirwa mune vairemera. Mushure megore gare gare, Chaadaev akava anyaradzo yeramangwana General Illarion Vasilchikov.
Iyo gusar fundo yakaiswa mumusha wamambo. Yakanga iri pano iyo mumba memunyori wenhoroondo Nikolai Kamzin, Chayadayev akasangana Alexander puskin. Mugove weRussia mukuru akazvitsaurira muzivi wechizivi cheCadaeva "(1820)," Munyika yandakakanganwa maaruro emakore apfuura "(1821)," kune izvo zvinoitika zvinotonhora "(1824), uye Peter Yakovlevich, kuva mumwe pushkin, "akamanikidza kufunga kwake", kutaura nezvezvinyorwa uye zvehunyanzvi nyaya.
Vasilchikov Patily Chaadaev zvakakomba zviitiko, semuenzaniso, mushumo Alexander ini paBunte muHupenyu Guarest Semidence. Mushure mekusangana naiye Emperor muna 1821, kushambadza, iyo inopa tariro yeramangwana remauto rakapenya, vakasiya basa. Nhau dzakashongedzwa nzanga uye vakapa ngarava zhinji.
Maererano neiyo Yepamutemo, Chaadaev, akamboshanda mudenga remashoko, haana kutambudzika kubva pakurangwa kwevadikani. Nezvimwe zvikonzero, muzivi akatadza kuburitsa pane vaimbova mauto. Vakararama vacho vakafunga kuti Chaadaev akange anonoka kumusangano naAlexander I, nekuti akanhonga chombo kwenguva yakareba, kana kuti Changamire akafunga kufunga kuti anopikisa pfungwa dzaPetro Yakovlevich.
Pakutumira nezvinhu zvehondo, Chaadaev akamanikidzwa nenhamo yemweya yakatsvuka. Nekuda kwezvinetso zvehutano muna 1823, akaenda parwendo kuenda kuEurope, pasina kuronga kudzokera kuRussia. Panyika nzendo, Petro Yakovlevich akaisa mari yakagadziridza raibhurari nemabhuku echitendero. Izvo zvainyanya kukwezva nebasa, pfungwa huru yeiyo yaive muchidimbu chekufambira mberi kwesainzi uye chiKristu.
Iyo mamiriro ehutano chechihutano hwaiwedzera, uye muna 1826 akasarudza kudzokera kuRussia. Pamuganhu, akasungwa achifungidzirwa kuti kupindira mukumuka kwevakadhindwa, kwakaitika gore rakapfuura. Kubva kuna Petro Yakovlevich, ivo vakatora ratidziro kuti haana kuita mumagariro akavanzika. Nekudaro, ruzivo urwu rwakanga rwuri nhema nemaune.
Back muna 1814, Chaadaev yakapinda iyo St. Petersburg Falie weSistol shamwari dzakabatana, akasvika Sana Tenzi. Muzivi akakurumidza kugumbuka nepfungwa yezvakavanzika nzanga, uye muna 1821 uye vakasiya vanobatana zvachose. Ipapo akabatana nenharaunda dzekuchamhembe. Gare gare akashora desembrists, achitenda kuti mhirizhonga yakashongedzwa yakasundidzirwa Russia kwehafu yezana rapfuura.
Uzivi uye kugona
Kudzokera kuRussia, Chaadaev akagara pasi peMoscow. Muvakidzani wake aive Catherine panova. Naari, muzivi ane tsamba - yekutanga bhizinesi, saka ane hushamwari. Vechidiki vakakurukura zvakanyanya chitendero, kutenda. Mhinduro yaCheadeved kune yekudyara yemweya yePanova Simbi "mavara ehunyanzvi", akagadzirwa muna 1829-1831.
Yakanyorwa muEpistolary genre basa rakakonzera kugumbuka kwehuwandu hwezvematongerwo enyika uye hwechitendero. Kune avo vanoratidzwa mubasa rePfungwa, Nikolai ini ndakaziva Chaanaeva nePanoo anopenga. Muzivi akagadzwa nekutarisirwa kurapwa, uye musikana uyu akaendeswa kuchipatara chepfungwa.
Kutsoropodzwa kwakapinza kwe "mavara ehunyanzvi" kwakakonzerwa nekuti chinamato cheOrthodoxy chakabviswa. Chaadaev akanyora kuti chitendero chevanhu vekuRussia, kusiyana neChristu kweChristu, hahurederedze vanhu kubva muuranda, asi nekusiyana, vaitei. Aya mazano anozivisa Alexander Areken akazonzi "Revolutionary."
Magazini "Telesikopu", umo muna 1836 wekutanga we "mavara ezvekutanga" akabudiswa, akavharwa, mupepeti akaendeswa kuKatoru. Kusvika muna 1837, Chiyadayev bvunzo dzekurapa zuva nezuva kuratidza kugara kwake kwepfungwa. Kutarisirwa kubva muzivi kwakabviswa nemamiriro ezvinhu ayo "haashinga kunyora chero chinhu."
Vimbiso yeCheadev yakatyora mune imwechete 1837, kunyora "ruregerero rwepamupenga" (zvisina kuburitswa mukati mehupenyu). Basa rakapindurwa nemhosva ye "zvakaipa nyika", akataura nezvezvikonzero zvekudzokera kumashure kwevanhu veRussia.
Peter Yakovlevich kuti Russia iri pakati peEast nekumadokero, asi mune kwayo haishande kune chero emapati epasi. Rudzi runotsvaga kudzidza zvakanakisa zvetsika mbiri uye panguva imwe chete kwete kuzova muteveri wevasina kuteedzerwa kusvibiswa.
Iye oga Mutongi pamusoro pacho Chayadaevar neruremekedzo, - Peter ini, akadzoka Russia kuve akanyanya uye nesimba nekuunza mutsika dzeRussia dzeMadokero. Chaadaev aive kumadokero, asi svutugadzike akamubata neruremekedzo. Uchapupu hweizvi - mazwi aAlexey Homyakova, mumiriri akajeka weananamara:
"Pfungwa yakavhenekerwa, kunzwa kwehunyanzvi, moyo wakanaka - ndiwo hunhu hwunokwezva munhu wese; Panguva yakadai apo, sezviri pachena, kufunga kwakanyudzwa muguva uye kusinga bvumire kurota. Ainyanya kudhura kwazvo nenyaya yekuti iye pachezvake akamuka uye akakurudzira vamwe. "Hupenyu Hwako
Mu-vanotevera vanonzi Chaadaeva "Mukadzi Philosopher": Aigara akakomberedzwa nevakadzi, aiziva kuwira murudo kunyange anozvipira vakadzi. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, hupenyu hwePetra Yakovlevich remunhu hauna kushanda.
Muhupenyu hweChidayev pakanga paine rudo vatatu. Catherine panova, zvakare ne "mavara ehunyanzvi", akatambura zvakanyanya kubva mukuchengeterwa kwechirume. Kunyangwe mushure mekusunungurwa kwechipatara chepfungwa, musikana haana mhosva inodiwa munhamo yake. Aitsvaga misangano ine muzivi, asi iye akafa asina tsamba yokudzoka, mukadzi akasarudzika akasurukirwa.
CHAADAYEV akashanda se- ebgenia yeEvgenia one kubva kuNopeve weAlexander pusin yezita rimwe chete, uye mune basa reTatyana rakaitwa naAvdota nolova. Akadanana nemuzivi asina ndangariro, uye paakange asina mari yekubhadhara kwevaranda vake, akati akasununguka kumutarisira, asi akaenda kuMosco kuenda kuMhuri yaRevhitiko.
Avdota aive musikana anorwadza uye asina kusimba, uye saka akafa mangwanani - kusvika pamakore makumi matatu nemasere. Chaadaev, ndiani akatungamira mavara asina kupindurwa kwenguva yakareba, akamushanyira muchipatara pachiri nguva pfupi asati afa.
Ekaterina Levashhova, kunyangwe pakanga paine mukadzi akaroora, achida chaizvo Chaadaev. Muroora uye vana vakura havana kunzwisisa kuti nei asingatore mari kubva muzivi wedzimba. Mafungiro ekuremekedza eCatherine kune mueni anogara makore matanhatu, kusvika parufu rwake.
Rufu
Musi waApril 14, 1856, kapfupi Obitologist yakaonekwa mupepanhau reMoscow reMoscow:
"Pana makumi mashanu eawa, masikati akasara mushure mechirwere chepfupi, imwe yeMoscow Stamel Peter Yakovlevich, inozivikanwa munenge dzakatenderedza dzenyika dzese dzeMetropolitan."
Akafa nekuzvimba kwemapapu, zvishoma pasina kupukunyuka kusvika pamakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu. Memoist Mikhail Zhikharv akambokumbira mudzidzisi, nei achimhanya achibva kuvakadzi, "segehena kubva kuLadan," ndokuti:
"Tsvaga mushure mekufa kwangu."Chaanav akaraira kuti vazvigone kuva pedyo nevakadzi vanodiwa - mune iyo Don monastery kuGuva reAvdoti norova kana muPokrovsky Tembere pedyo neKaterina Levashhova. Muzivi akawana rugare rwekupedzisira pamubhadharo wemakuva muMoscow.
Quotes
"Vasina maturo vanopa benzi, kuzvishingisa kutsamwa". Hapana anozviona kuti agamuchire chero chinhu, asingabve kubasa zvishoma nezvishoma akatambanudza ruoko urwu. Imwe ndeye kusarudzika - mufaro. Ivo vanoona kuve zvizere kuve nemufaro usingaiti chero chinhu kuti chiitenge chero chinhu. "" Asingatendi, mukunyatsoita tambo, iyo, yakamira pagumbo rimwe, rakaoma Kutsvaga kuenzana kweumwe. "Zvakapfuura hazvisisiri pasi pedu, asi ramangwana rinobva kwatiri."BHAIBHERI
- 1829-1831 - "Tsamba dzePhilosophical"
- 1837 - "Nokukumbira Rekupenga"