Biography
Vily Polenov ndeimwe yeiyo huru yeRussia Landscape vatambi vexix zana. Vaimbi vakarangarira nzanga senzira isina kujairika, vanotevera godo rechiKristu. Mufananidzo wake we "Kristu uye mutadzi" nenharaunda zvakava chikamu chekuunganidzwa chaMambo Alexander alexander akashanda sedanho reCannon rakashanda sedzinoita "nzvimbo yepedyo" genre.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 20 (June 1 mune itsva chimiro) ye 1844 muStrersburg. Iye mukomana nemusin'ana wake wekutenda vakava dangwe reWorntaologist ane mukurumbira Dmitry Vasilevelvich uye muimbi, munyori wevana Maria Alekseevna waikova. Mumhuri, vamwe vana vatatu vakarwiswa: konstantin (1848. R.), Alexey (1849. R.), Elena (1850. R. R.). Hama Alexander vakafira vacheche.
Maria Alekseevna, uyo aivimba achipenda pasi pehutungamiri hweKarl Bryoullov, aidiwa kudhirowa mifananidzo. Kutenda kune izvi, vanhu vorudzi kwandinoziva kuti vakasarudzika sei Polenov vakatarisa muudiki.
Vana vakarera mumhuri yekusika. Ambuya Vera Nikolaevna Warikova vaiziva nhoroondo yeRussia zvakakwana, vaida nhetembo yenyika uye ngano. Vazukuru vaiwanzosvika kuimba yake muTambov Region. Muguta ravo, vakanga vakamirira kukwikwidza muhurume kuti vadze, kunyora, nezvimwe nemabasa akanakisa, ambuya vakapa menduru dzemhepo.
Vabereki vakatsigirawo kusimuka kwevana, vadzidzisi vanobatwa vanozivikanwa kubva kuChikoro chehunyanzvi, semuenzaniso, Pavel Chistuv. Pashure muzosere, vadivel vidrievich vakabudirira mumamiriro ekunze, uye hanzvadzi yake Elena yakava mumwe wevakadzi vekutanga - ivhu chete mabhuku evana.
Polenov kutanga vakanzwa kushuva kweCanvas uye vaizoenda kuchikoro chehunyanzvi, asi vabereki vakasimbirira pakuwana "dzidzo" yakakomba. Muna 1861-18863, jaya rakagamuchira zivo yakajairika mumamiriro ezvematunhu emitambo muPetrozaDsk
Munguva yake yemahara, nguva yePolenov akashanyira makosi kuaccount yehunyanzvi, akadzidza kwete chete pendi, asiwo anatomy, yakagadzirirwa geometry, biology. Pano, murau wenguva yemberi akazivisawo tarenda remimhanzi: Akaimba nziyo dzekwaya, dzakaumbwa piyano, raive reulance ye opera. Zvakawanda gare gare, muna 1906, iyo yekutanga yeiyo Polyenev's "Ghost dzakasiyana" opera yakaitwa kuMoscow Conservatory.
Apedza kudzidza kubva kumudzidzi ane menduru dzesirivheri dzependi yake muna 1867, iyo alma mater haina kusiya iyo Polenv, asi akapinda murugwaro rwemutemo. Pashure pemakore mashanu, akabudirira kudzivisa iyo thesis yake pane iyo musoro "pakukosha kwehunyanzvi mukushandisa kwayo kuita mabundu".
Kupenda
Muna 1867, polenov akabata vadikanwa vidambidza kutenda nikolaevna paCanvas, uye ichi chiratidzo chakazova basa rekubiridzira remunyori.
Chinhu chinonakidza: Mune akati wandei masosi anotaurwa kuti muna 1869 muimbi akagamuchira menduru diki yegoridhe ye "mabasa uye shamwari dzake." Muchokwadi, shanda ndewe waanodzidza naye pendi, mukurumbira pendi ILLYA rondedzere. Ditrily Dmitrievich akagamuchira yekutanga yekugadzira mubairo - mendarama huru yegoridhe - muna 1871 yeiyo canvas "the canvas" Kristu mwanasikana waJairi ".
Kune tarenda rakaratidzwa, polenov uye rebin yakatumira kuti ubvunze kuEurope. Pasinei nezera rekuziva - makore 27 ekuzvarwa, vasily dmitrievich iro raigona kusarudza kuti chii kuti azvipire. Kufuridzirwa, akaenda kuMeeums, achibata vatenzi vepeni: Carlo Pilot, Gabriel Max, Arnold Becklin, Hans Makartu.
Mukurarama kwemakore matanhatu--makore, madziro akaberekerwa "bhiza jena. Normandy "(1874)," Italian Landscape ine murombo "(1874)," Abbey muRedon "(1876), kuratidzwa kwe" Huggentine Jacobin de Monseelmin, kufambidzana " yakapa chinzvimbo chedzidzo yekudzidza.
Nekushanyira Vienna, Munich, maguta akare veItari neFrance, muna 1876 Artist akadzokera kuRussia nechiono chakajeka cheimwe nzira yekugadzira.
"Ndakaedza uye ndakaedza kuberekwa kose pendi: Nhoroondo, Landscape, Landscape Musoro weMusoro, Zvepanyama Zvemukati, Etarte kuti tarenda rangu chete riri padyo nenyika, iyo gentsic, iyo yemumba, yandiri Ndichaita. "- akanyora mu diary of the polenv.
Kuti uite zvisikwa pakarepo pakusvika kweVasily Dmitrievich haina nguva - Hondo yeTurmhish-yeRussia yakatanga. Nekudaro, marori ehurumende, akanzwa nezvepamberi peyaidzvanyiriri wehunyanzvi, akakoka polenov kuti atore nzvimbo yemuchikuru muAlexander III.
Zvinotyisa zvehondo, tenzi wenyeni zvakachinjiswa kuti arege kufambisa canvasi, uye papepa - matope ake epamberi akadhindwa mumagazini "nyuchi" nyuchi Kutarisisa kwePolenov kwakabhadhara kune rugare runyararo. Munguva yekunetsana yeRussia uye Ottoman empures, "Babushkin Bindu" uye "Moscow Dvorik" (1878) akagadzirwa, achangobva kuhondo - "Pakarepo Pond" (1879).
Iyo pendi "moskovsky Dvorik" inoonekwa seimwe yakakurumbira pabasa rePolenov. Akabata hupenyu hwevagari vari pakati pezuva rezhizha: Mukadzi anodzora rocker, vana vanotamba muuswa, uye bhiza rakarukwa riri kufudza. Kumashure kumashure - dzimba dzakawa, asi vane masimba vakaponeswa mujecha. Polenov vafambidzana navo pane craut akafungidzirwa Canvas kune iyo yakasarudzika genre - "padyo nenzvimbo".
Mukutanga 1880s, nyika dzekuMabvazuva uye zvinangwa zveBhaibheri zvakaonekwa mubasa redmasily dmitrievich. Munguva iyoyo ye biography, muimbi akadonhedza padanho rechiKristu: Constantinople, Palestine, Siria. Mumugwagwa, pendi dzakazvarwa "Bheterehema", "maorivhi mumunda webindu", "Tsime remhandara Maria muNazareta" (1882).
Panguva imwecheteyo, polenov akatanga kunyora machira epoch "uye mutadzi". Kugadzirwa kweiyo pendi "Kristu uye mutadzi" (rimwe zita - "Ndiani asina zvivi?") Akaonekwa achibva kuZuva reCanvas "chiitiko chaKristu kuvanhu" Alexander Ivanova. Muimbi aida kuratidza Jesu, uyo asingori aratidze, asi ariko pakati pevaResi.
Shanda pabasa rakaitwa kwenguva yakareba, uye kana zvisiri kana ma twin hanzvadzi vasingadzikidzi, vakafa - kufa, kutenda kwakatora chivimbiso kubva kumunun'una wake kuti vaizopedza pikicha uye kumuita chimiro chake chikuru. Matanho ekutanga e nhoroondo yezuva nezuva raKristu akazviratidza muma 1870s, uye basa rekupedzisira - muna 1888.
"Kristu nemutadzi" vakanzwisisa nekusahadzika, vanorambidza vakaramba kurega iyo canvas panguva yekuratidzira. Alexander III akawana mufananidzo wekuunganidza kwake, uye nzvimbo yemambo kune muimbi akabva angochinja maonero ekambani.
Zvirongwa muTula Crovince, pamabhangi eRwizi rweOkey, akatengwa pamari. Gare gare pano yakavakwa neBoron Manor. Maonero aya, ayo anovhura kubva kumahwindo ezvivakwa, aive akavakirwa pamadziro "Goridhe Autumn", "kunakidzwa. Autumn pamuromo pedyo neTaruza "," Chapel paBhangi reOka "(1893).
Muma1900s, iyo Artist yakaunganidzwa zvinhu zvekutanga uye chete zvakatevedzana mifananidzo "kubva muhupenyu hwaKristu." Chiratidzo chakaitwa muna 1909 chakabudirira kwazvo uye zvakazara zvakaisa zita reRelenev kune runyorwa rwezvakanakisa pendi yenguva yedu.
Final mufananidzo weVasily Dmitrievich "Oka. Steamer "vladimir", inoshandurwa kuva tug "mazuva adzoka kuna 1920.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muhupenyu hwega hwega hwevanhu vepasily polely aingova mumwe mukadzi mumwe chete - Natalia Vasilevna Yakuchikova, mwanasikana weMutengesi wemauto. Akava mukadzi wemhizha muna 1882.
6 Vana vakaberekerwa muwanano. Yedhangwe, yakaonekwa muna 1884th, haina kurarama makore maviri. Dmitry (1886 r.), Catherine (1887 p.), Maria (1891, R.), Olga (1894) naNatalia (1898).
Rufu
Kufa kweVasily Dmitrievich Polenov pagore 83D yehupenyu, Chikunguru 18, 1927, mune bestate. Kuvigwa kumaruwa emaruwa pamabhangi eRwizi rweOka. Maererano nekuda kwekupedzisira kwemushakabvu paguva, iyo Olonetsky muchinjiko wakaiswa.
Apedza hupenyu, nhaka yaPolnov yakaramba ichirarama. Zvino hurumende yeChirangaridzo nhoroondo uye yemhando uye yakasikwa museum-reserve v. D. Polenova inowanikwa ikozvino muBorz estate. Misoro yenzvimbo nguva dzose dzaive hama dzeMhizha.
Pendi
- 1867 - "Mufananidzo wekutenda waNikolaevna emauto"
- 1873 - "Birch naFern"
- 1874 - "White Bhiza. Normandy "
- 1874 - "Mill in Völet. Normandy "
- 1875 - "Arrest Huggeot Jacobin de Monseelbheri, Kuunganidzwa D'Transf"
- 1877 - "Moskovsky Dvorik"
- 1878 - "Babushkin Bindu"
- 1879 - "Ingrown Pond"
- 1882 - "Bheterehema"
- 1888 - "Kristu uye Mutadzi"
- 1891 - "Chando Chechando"
- 1896-1909 - "Kuchenjera Kwakashata"
- 1908 - "Ndiani wenyu asina zvivi?"