Biography
Kubva pasi pepeni yemunyori weGerman Ernst Gofman, dzidziso dzekuratidzira uye dzidziso dzine manhamba dzakarova neGothic mifananidzo. Mwana wake tsakhs akaipa uye ane mutsindo, asi ane tarenda rinoshamisa, uye iyo isina kusarudzika nutcracker inomanikidzwa kusanganisa matipi e nzungu dze nzungu. Nekuvhundutsa canvay yenyaya, Hoffman aiziva kugadzira yakanaka, yenyama ngano, asi kwete zvachose kuvana.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Ernst Theodore Wilhedm Gofman akaberekwa muna Ndira 24, 1776 muKonigsberg, East Prussia (izvozvi - Kaliningrad, Russia). Mumhuri yaChristopher Ludwig Hoffman naAlbertina Doffer, mukomana akava wekupedzisira wevana vatatu.
Makore maviri mushure mekuzvarwa kweHoffmann, vabereki vadiki vakarambana. Christoph, anotora mwanakomana waJohn Ludwig, akaenda kuSalerburg (zvino Chernyakhovsk, guta riri munharaunda yeKalindenr), uye amai vane Ernst vakagara muKönigsberg. Mwanakomana wepakati akafa mukucheya.
Gofman airatidza tarenda hombe yemutambo piyano, kunyora uye kudhirowa hunyanzvi, iyo yaive mumatunhu, iyo isina kuzere ruzivo rwemhando dzehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwepfungwa dzePrussia .
Muna 1781-1792, mukomana akadzidza kuLutheran Chikoro cheBurgschule. Mukomana akadzidza basa raSchiller, Goethe, anomhanyisa, Stern, Rousseau naJean minda.
Kwakakomberedza 1787, Ernst shamwari neTheodore Gotlibon Background Hippel, mune ramangwana rezvematongerwo enyika rakamuvigira kuMamanuel Kant nebasa rake. Muna 1792, Gofman akateerera kune vanoverengeka vehuni huru huru huru huru hurukuro.
Zvisikwa
Muna 1790s, munyori akatamira muGolow, ipapo muDresden, kwaGofman akarova pendi yeRafael naCrreggo, ipapo muBerlin.
Muguta razvino reGermany, jaya rakatanga kuedzazve semuumbi. Akanyora Operretta "die maske". Goverana tarenda rake reHoffman paingozi naLouise, Mambokadzi Prussia. Chokwadi chinonakidza: Changamire vakapindura. Ini ndakaraira kuti ndireve kuti mukuru wehumambo wemitambo, iyo iri pakurumbidza kwayo yakanga yatogadzirira kutora basa. Ernst haana kuwana mhinduro inosimudzira - yakabva muPOZO (manje poznan, Poland).
Yakanga iri nguva yekutanga mu biography yeHoffman, paakanga ari kure nehama. Jaya racho rakatanga kuzova misoro "vanomiriri vezvikoro, vapristi, babamunini uye tete vachidanidzana" - Quote yemunyori iye amene. Debauchery yaive yekuti German yakabatana zvakanyatsobatana kusvika pakusika, asi kuseka kuseka, kwete kudzidza.
Muna 1802, kuve uri papepa, Hoffee Hoffman kubva kuBoredom Pendi yeCaricature Mifananidzo yevakuru vePrussian. Hazvina kukwana kune majaya aya madhirowa akapatsanurwa nevaenzi. Kana vanyori vakazivikanwa, zvichemo zvave kuitwa naErnst. Zviremera zveBerlin vanoziva kuberekwa kweHoffee Hoffman, havana kugadzirisa chirango che "tsotsi", pachinzvimbo chatakareva kuti purogiramu (iyo yaimbove guta guru rePoland).
"Kutapwa" kwakakunda hutano hwepfungwa hwemunyori. Mumaki, akazviratidza, achinyura mumatope padhuze nevasungwa vasina kudzidza. Zvakangodaro, iyo gedhi, iyo yakateverwa neHofmani mumakore ekugara muLock, yaive nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakugadzira. Iyo yeGerman yakatumira zvinyorwa zvake pamakwikwi ekunyora mupepanhau rekufa Freimfuti. Kunyangwe pasina imwe yebasa 14 yakapihwa mubairo mukuru, hoffman yakadzingwa 100 friedrichesdors (yegoridhe mari) yekuita tarenda.
Muna 1804 akagamuchira chinzvimbo muWarsaw. Vari munzira, Ernst akatarisa kuKönigsberg. Zvizhinji muguta reNative, munyori akange asina rombo rakanaka.
Makore akapedzerwa muPoland, Hoffman akaziva anofara kwazvo. Apa akasangana neramangwana rake biologist Julius Edward Hitig. Aive nenyeredzi dzekunyora "nyeredzi dzekuchamhembe", kunzwisiswa zvakanaka mumabhuku. Yakanga iri Hitzig yakazivana naHoferi neHofisi neHofisi, Ludwig Teak, Ahima Von Arima uye mamwe vanyori veGerman vaive nesimba rakakosha pane rake.
Kufemerwa nekufambidzana nevanhu veunyanzvi, jaya rinopwanya bhasikoro, "Vaimbi vechidiki" (1804) paKlemens Brenchano nziyo. Pafukidziro yemunyori wenguva yekutanga yakashandiswa pseudon yake - Ernst Theodore Amadeus Hoffman, kana E. T. T. Gofman. Zita reAmadous, iyo Germany yakagadziriswa mundangariro yeMestro yaMestro.
Mufaro wejaya haana kubvira asingagumi - munaNovember 1806, mukati mehondo yehondo yechina, mauto eNapoleon akabatwa neWarsaw, uye Bureaucrats akarasikirwa nemabasa. Hoffman aive ari muBerlin. Ainge aine nzara, akateedzerwa kumhuri, uye mumamiriro aya mamwe emabasa ake ezvakanakisa emimhanzi akaberekwa - "vatanhatu vatanhatu". Gare gare, kunyorwa kuchatongwa naJohannes claysler, iyo huru gamba reNovel "mwenje wekati yekuvhenekera".
Iyo yekubudirira kuverenga yeHoffman yakaitika muna 1809 nebhuku reCoupt Novel "Cavalier Glitch". Maererano nehurongwa, murume anonzi anosangana nenyika yemukuru wehupenyu hwechiratidzo cheChritka. Iri basa mutero kune zvirevo zveJean munda "doppelganger", mumabhuku ezuva rerudo zvinoreva "Rima" hunhu hwemunhu.
Sezvo kusunungurwa kwe "Cavalar Glitka" iri pabasa reGofman, nguva dzegoridhe dzakauya. Muna 1814 pakanga paine nyaya "goridhe hari", chinyorwa che opera "undina" chakapera. Panguva imwecheteyo, munyori akatanga kunyora "Elixir Satani" (1815), uyo akadana "Elixir yeupenyu" - akatarisira kuti kubudirira kwechokwadi kwaizounza purofiti. Tariro dzakazozoratidzwa. Nhau pfupi dzakaunganidzwa muunganidzwa "fungidziro munzira yeCallo" yakatsigirwa nenharaunda.
"Nutcracker uye Mambo Muse" (1816), vakabata seyakafanira ngano yevana veshamwari, vakava basa retsika. ProOF - Petra Tchaikovsky's Ballet, firimu rakawanda uye rumbidzo.
Iyo tale inotaura nezve murume mudiki mudiki anogona kungomedza chete solies solid nzungu. Rimwe zuva musikana musikana akapa naticracker, anoti anoona mufananidzo wehondo yemunhu kurwisa mambo wemamambo. Zvinozoitika kuti nutcracker ndeye murume wechidiki akafirwa nemambokadzi mbeva. Kuti anodzosa chitarisiko chakapfuura, anofanira kukurira mambo uye kuti awane mukadzi wake akanaka.
Nyaya yacho nezve nutcracker yakakodzera kuverenga vana, kusiyana nezvokutanga kumwe kutyisa kwemabasa eHofmani. Semuenzaniso, muunganidzwa "Usiku hunotendwa nezvinotendwa zvakaipa:" Sandy murume "," ngarava "," Church of Jesusit muguta ".
Muna 1819, "zvakashata uye zvinonakidza" mwana anocherekedza, pane zita rezita reZinnober "rinozvarwa. Mushure mekunzwa kweiyo yakanaka Fairy, iyo yakakomberedzwa inokwereta kuti ione kusakwana kwekunze kweiyo dwarf tsakhasa. Kusiyana neizvozvo - mazano ake akaipa anoita seanopenya, ane simba jeki - akatasva. Iyo yaimbova Thahsa ona mudzidzi Balthazar nevamwe vanhu vekwavo.
Balthhazar ari murudo ne candida, mwanasikana wenyanzvi. Iyo freak, kunzwisisa zvishuvo zvejaya, inonakidza chero chinhu chinofungidzirwa kuti musikana. Kuti udzivise kukanganisa kunouraya, Balthhaza anojoina kurwa neakatsamwiswa neTatakhs.
Muchiitiko ichi 1819, vhoriyamu yekutanga ye "Katsi yeChiedza Murra" yakaonekwa. Iyo nyaya inoitiswa pachiso chemhuka, iyo inogara pachivanze cheJohannes kreisler. Nguva nenguva, ndima dzisina kana chero chinhu chakafanana nezviri izvo zvakabatanidzwa. Zvinozoitika kuti katsi iri mumarara mune yekugadzira furawa yakadhonzwa mapeji kubva kuhupenyu hwemuridzi wake - mutambi ane brilliant.
Mifananidzo yevakanyanya mavara eAutobiographical: Craistler ndeyeHofmari pachavo, uye Murr iciten yemunyori uyo akatsaurirwa kune iyo bhuku. Mhuka yacho yakafa nechirwere pasi peiyo yekupedzisira yeiyo yechipiri vhoriyamu. Mukupedzisa, bhuku rinoti:
"Anonzwira tsitsi, anonyadziswa, uzivi uye nhetembo uye nhetembo yemurata mukati merimwe munda wehupenyu hwake hwehupenyu hwakagara hurefu."Vhoriyamu yechipiri yakabudiswa muna 1821.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1794, maHoffrmans akatanga bhuku rine hutachiona hweHutt, mukadzi akaroora akapa mimhanzi zvidzidzo. Aiva nemakore gumi, aive nevana matanhatu. MunaFebruary 1796, mhuri yeErnst yakanangana nerudo rweMwanakomana uye rwunonzi Ernst kune vane chinangwa chakanaka chaGlogo.
Panenge muna 1801, murume akatora Marianna kumukadzi wake Mikhain anotenderera nezita rekuti Misha. Mushure memakore mana, hupenyu hwavo hwekuvanzika hwevanhu hwakakanganisa kuberekwa kwemukunda waCecilia. Hupenyu hwake hwaive hupfupi - mwana akafa aine makore maviri.
Muna 1810, kuva murume akaroora, mumwe mudzidzi wechidiki Julia akadanana naJulia. Manzwiro eGofman aive pachena zvekuti vabereki vakakurumidza kupa mwanasikana kuti varoore, uye kubva kuna Mwari, munyori akapotsa akaunza mucherechedzo nehupenyu. Iyo bhuku renyowani rakazvipira kune iyo novel "Don Juan" (1813).
Rufu
Muna 1819, hutano hwemakore makumi mana nemapfumbamwe hwemakore makumi mana nematatu hwakaderedzwa. Matambudziko ehupenyu akatendeudzira munhu ane tarenda mune chidhakwa, Syphilis akakonzera kushayikwa kwemakumbo, uye kubva pakutanga kwa 1822 - mitezo yemuzara. Pasinei neizvi, Ernst akaramba achigadzira: Akataura basa rake rekupedzisira kumukadzi wake kana secretary.
Panguva imwecheteyo, HoffeMan akatambudzika nekukuvara kwekutonga. Mubhuku raiye "ishe weBloki" (1822) Iye munyori aive asina hanya nekudzokorora caricature kuCommismissioner.
Kana sachigaro wekutumwa kwezvematongerwo enyika, akasimbiswa naMambo wePrussia neFriedrich Wilhelm Wilhelm III, akafunga kutsiva paHofmani, ndiko kuti, kumusunga. Mambo akarayira kunyora munyori wekutsiura, uye "Ishe Fleas" achadzingwa.
Ernst Gofman akafa kubva kuSyphilis musi waJune 25, 1822 aine makore makumi matanhatu nenomwe. Guva iri riri pamusoro peJerusarema makuva eBerlin. Padimboti yakaratidza zita remunyori pakuzvarwa uye regalia:
"Murayiridzi wedare, akanaka kwazvo mukurumbira wake, mudetembi, muimbi, muimbi, akazvipira kushamwari dzake."Quotes
Kutonga nezvandinoziva uye kuverenga nezverudo, izvi, kutaura zvazviri, kutaura nezvechirwere chepfungwa, icho mune vanhu kubereka zvinoratidzwa mukubatwa kwakasiyana kwekupenga; Ivo vanotora chimwe chisikwa zvachose nekuda kweizvozvo. Semuenzaniso, chombo chakajairika bbw chinonhuwirira masokisi, vanonamata mwarikadzi. Madzibaba akachenjera dzimwe nguva dzimwe nguva anowanzoitika muupenyu hwomunhu kana chimwe chinoita kunge chakanyatsotendeseka uye chinonaka panguva iyoyo kana achingosimudza imwe mhando yehunyengeri hwekunyengedza. Pane here mamiriro ezvinhu anofadza pane kugutsikana?BHAIBHERI
- 1814 - "Kufungidzira nenzira yeMallo"
- 1815 - "" Erixir Satani "
- 1816 - "Nutcracker uye Mambo Mambo"
- 1817 - "Night Etuds"
- 1819 - "Macheche tsakhs, pane zita rezita reZinnober"
- 1819-1821 - "Brother Scrapion"
- 1819-1821 - "Kuvhenekesa Kath Murra mwenje wezvimedu zveBiography of Kappelmeister Johannes Craisler akapararira mumapepa emapepa"
- 1922 - "Ishe weBloki"
Mushandi anoshanda
- 1804 - "Merry Vaimbi" (Zingchpil)
- 1808 - "Harlequin" (Ballet)
- 1809 - "Dirna" (Melodrama)
- 1812 - Aurora (Opera)
- 1816 - "Undina" (Opera)