Biography
Wilhelm Gaufi, iyo yakakurumbira yeGerman yeWilhelmu Gaufy, yakatora nguva shoma kuti iburitse kugona kwemunhu akasika ane fungidziro inoshamisa uye inozivikanwa kuverenga tarenda. Kwehupenyu hupfupi, munyori akakwanisa kushanda mumarudzi mazhinji uye akasiya nzira mumabhuku eGerman emuzana yeGeriya seMunyori wenhetembo, zvinyorwa, nyaya uye nyanzvi dzemashiripiti Fairy Tales kutenderera pasirese pasi rese.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Wilhelm Gauf akaberekerwa kuGermany munaNovember 29, 1802. Mhuri yaigara mune stuttgart uye yaigara yakakurumbira yemagariro uye magariro mamiriro. Baba vemunyori wenguva yemberi, Nyamavhuvhu Friedrich, vakaenda mumatanho emadzitateguru, hutongi hwepamusoro, uye vakaita chinzvimbo chehofisi muushumiri hwezvimwe zvinhu zvekunze. Amai vacho vakadana naJadwig Wilhelmin Elzestor, raive rekunyengera rakabva kuAssence, nzvimbo yenhoroondo yeFrance, iyo kubva muzana ramakore rechigumi nemana rakatariswa seyekurwa kwehondo nemakakatanwa ezvematongerwo enyika.
Wilhelm akabata mwana zvekutanga muboka revanakomana vatatu nehanzvadzi, pamwe nevanyengeri vanonzi Louise. Mukomana paakavhura makore manomwe, Nyamavhuvhu Friedrich Asingatarisiri, uye Jadvig akatakura vana kuenda kunzvimbo yaBaba vake, aive muTubinggen uye ane mukurumbira wedzidzo uye kusarudzwa kukuru kwedzidzo dzedzidzo. Guta idzva, iro rakanzwika nemamiriro ekudanana, akafadzwa mukomana uye airatidza muWorld world.
Asati aenda kuchikoro, akagara mumabhuku ezvinyorwa zvemabhuku emabhuku epasi rose kwenguva yakareba, achiwedzerwa sekuru nasekuru vake. Nyaya dzekutambira dzenyika-dzakakurumbira Scottish prose Walter Scott neyeMashiripiti Fairy Holdorist Folents VaJakobho uye Wilhelm Glimmov aive nesimba rakakosha pamukomana.
Bhuku rinonzi Plots dzakapinda nepakati pemwana wemwana anonyanya kufadza uye, akavhenganiswa nefungidziro dzake, akave hwaro hwehunhu hwekutanga hwekutora hwakanzi usati warara nehama nehama. Papera nguva yekufunga nezveramangwana, amai vakatumira Guf vechidiki kuti vadzidze kubva kuchikoro chechi chechi, vachishuvira kuti chizvarwa chemhuri inozopedzisira chazoita mupristi uye kutyaira peji idzva munhoroondo yekukudzwa Surname.
Wilhelm aive achiri kuyaruka uye kuda kwemubereki, akapedza chikoro chedzidzo uye akanyora yunivhesiti yekare yekucheka kwechizivi uye nedzidziso. Semudzidzi anoshingaira, Wilhelm akanyatsoziva dzidziso, asi asati asvika, uye nachiremba wechidiki wezvesayenzhonga pane mutsara wemudzidzisi, achiisa mudzidzisi muBaron ernnta yegen von högel .
Nguva pfupi zvisati zvaitika, muna 1824, Gauf Asina kuzivikanwa muunganidzwa wenhetembo anonzi "nziyo dzevanhu uye dzevanhu", dzine mabasa eruzivo rweGerman uye nhepfenyuro mbiri. Jaya rakatambanudzwa kumabhuku, asi rinomanikidzwa mumakamunomutsa kuti aenderere mberi nebasa remudzidzisi mumba yevapfumi Aristocrat.
Kukwira vana von Högel, Wilhelm akawana mukana wekuona nyika. Akashanyira maguta akati wandei kuGermany, kusanganisira nzvimbo yekuzvarwa yavaGrimm, Kassel, uye akabva ashanyira France naBellgium uye achizviziva nezvake zvemisoro. Mhedzisiro yeGauf yakanakidzwa neyazvino chimiro uye, inowedzera zvirevo zvakanaka, yakaburitswa zvisingaiti 8 nyaya dzeAlmanane kuvana kubva kune vanokudzwa ve 1826.
Mabhuku
Makore ekutanga ezvinyorwa zveBiography of Gauf akafukidzwa mukuzivikanwa kwechivanzika. Kutevera nhetembo idzi, munyori wepfungwa akanyorwa uye akaburitswa 2 Parody anoshanda, akaseka maitiro uye maitiro evanyori vemazuva ano echiGerman. "Express kubva kuna Satani Memoirs", iyo yakapera neEdhnty Theodut Hoffmann, yakapfuura isingataurwe, uye murume anobva kune inzwi rekupedzisira "rakakonzera chikwangwani chakaratidza zita chairo remunyori weMunyori we Nyowani miniature.
Chikonzero chekutongwa kweruzhinji uye zvinotevera kutongwa yaive chokwadi icho mubasa reWilhelm zvakashandisa siginecha yeiyo inozivikanwa yeGerman inguva yeHeinrich Clauting. Mudiki Wehurume akandidzora syllable uye mediocre vaunoshanda navo uye akamanikidzwa kubhadhara makumi mashanu tylers pakutuka.
Kufara zvinoshamisa, Gauf akatanga kunyora nyaya dzekutanga nhoroondo yechokwadi "Liechtenstein", akatetepa pamusoro pehondo yehondo yehondo yehondo, akabata Germany muGermany yeiyo ye1 yeiyo yeXI. Kuswededzwa nevanhu uye kushandiswa kweNational Flavor yakatsunga kubudirira kwebasa.
Zvinonakidza ndechekuti bhuku raunofarira vaverengi vakazotaurwa muzvivakwa. Zvichienderana nezvirevo zveGaga, fan, Duke Wilhelm von Ura, muna 1840 akavakwa mishonga yechiedza pamatongo emhuri muBaden-württetg kumaodzanyemba kweGerman.
Mushure mekubuda kwechiitiko, vateereri vakatarisa nenzira itsva kune vanyori vechidiki nebasa rake. Ngano dzekusarudzika dzakabudiswa kubva muna 1826 kusvika 1828, rakawana kuzivikanwa uye rakagadzirwa neGuff mumwe wevanyori vanodiwa veGerman. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti nyaya dzemashiripiti dzakapinza vana vadiki mukutya, dzakatanga ruzivo nezvenyika, dzizere nezvakanaka nezvakanaka, uye zvakashora kusakendenga uye kune vakaipa vanhu vasina moyo uye vakaipa.
Nekudaro, mu "nyaya pamusoro pefurawa diki", Gauf akataura nezve kusurukirwa kwemukomana, akatendeuka neuroyi ari mudenga uye akamanikidzwa kudzungaira pasi rese kupisa kwevanhu. Uye mune imwe ngarava, inonzi "mwoyo unotonhora", munyori akasika mufananidzo wegamba, uyo akanyimwa manzwiro uye akanamatira munzira yehutsinye uye kusava nehanya.
Anonyanya kutyisa ehunyanzvi hwaGuf hwaifungidzirwa kuti "nhoroondo yechikepe cheghost", icho chakabatanidzwa mu "chimiro" chakanzi "nyaya inonzi" Caravan ". Mariri, munyori akakwevera mufananidzo unotyisa wekuponda nevaPreates mune chero vasina kuteerera Monk uye magamba akarangwa nekuda kwefurawa isingaperi kuti ive mhosva inotyisa.
Iri basa, pamwe chete ne "nhoroondo pamusoro peCalifor muAlimor" uye "ruponeso rwaFatima" rwakazadzwa nekumabvazuva uye huchenjeri hwega hwega, ndedzipi nyeredzi dzinokonzera mazwi ake, pfungwa nezviito.
Muna 1827, kuGermany, yechipiri "Almanac yevanakomana nevanasikana vakabudirira" yakadhindwa kuGermany, yaisanganisira nyaya dza9 dzemashiripiti Gauf. Kusiyana neyekuunganidzwa kwapfuura, uyu munyori akazvitsaurira kubva muhupenyu hwenzvimbo yevamwe vanhu, achivatora mumhando yeiyo tsika yechiGerman Fairy ngano. Uye zvakare, toni yakaomeswa, hunhu hwemabasa okutenderera kwe1, akatsiviwa nevaraidzo uye hupenyu-achisimbisa hupenyu.
Muenzaniso unoshamisa wezvenhau yechipiri "Almanach" yaive nyaya inonzi "mhodzi mhino", yakamanikidzwa nezve hupenyu hwemwana akave akaziva nekubika uye, kunyangwe kuchitariswa, kwakakudzwa paruvanze. Iri basa rave rakakurumbira kuGermany uye nyika yese, iyo yakaumba hwaro hwezviitwa, mafirimu uye katuni, asi aive mumwe weyekupedzisira, akaburitswa panguva yehupenyu hwemunyori.
Huwandu hukuru hwakanyora nezve 20 Fairy ngano, 2 zvinyorwa uye gumi nenhau. Nhetembo yake yakava nziyo dzechivanhu, uye zvinyorwa zvevana vakapinda munhoroondo dzezvinyorwa zvemabhuku eGerman.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nezve hupenyu hwega hwega hwemalhelm gauf anoziva zvishoma. Vapoto vaiona semunyori ane murume anofara, zvinopesana netsika dzemusikana akaroora murudo, uye kwete nechibvumirano chehama. Vake vakasarudzwa vaive vadiki kuzina Louise, iyo iyo iyo munyori wenhau anoyemurwa kubva kune vechidiki.
Musikana wacho akapindura kudzorera, uye achangobva kumupindura mupepeti kuti apinde mugwaro re "mashizha emangwanani", vechidiki vakaroora uye vairarama hupenyu hupfupi, asi hunofadza.
Musi waNovember 10, 1827, mwedzi mishoma mushure memuchato, mukadzi akazvara mwana mwanasikana, uyo Wilhelmina akafona mukuremekedza Baba.
Rufu
Muna 1827, Gauf akashanda pane nyowani nyowani yaifanirwa kuve yekuenderera mberi kuenderera mberi kweiyo sensational "liechtenstein". Zvemashoko ebasa idzva, munyori akaenda kuAlps, asi munzira airwara zvakanyanya uye akamanikidzwa kupindira rwendo.
Kumba, munyori ave nani, uye mhuri inotarisira kupora nekukurumidza. Kwechinguva, chidiki chidiki chakarwa nehutachiona, asi hazvina kumira musoro wehutachiona hunofadza.
Musi waNovember 18, 1827, Gauf, aingova nemakore makumi maviri nematatu, akafa mumubhedha wake mumubhedha. Chikonzero chekufa kwenyaya, chinonzi, chakava mudumbu dumbu.
BHAIBHERI
- 1826 - "Othello"
- 1826 - "CRAVAN"
- 1826 - "Nhoroondo yeCalifa-Aist"
- 1826 - "Nhoroondo Nezve Ngarava Ngarava"
- 1826 - "Nhoroondo yefurawa diki"
- 1826 - "Liechtenstein"
- 1826 - "Excrants kubva kuna Satani Memoirs"
- 1827 - "Dhavhu mhino"
- 1827 - "White uye Rose"
- 1827 - "Fyshmagoria muBremen Wine Cellar. Vavengi Chipo Kune Vanoda Waini "
- 1827 - "Mharidzo yeMharidzo yekupokana nezve" murume kubva kumwedzi "pamberi pechizvarwa cheGerman kuAptumn Fair ye 1827"