Biography
Mambo weFrance Heinrich iv paakajeka seHeinrich Bourbon neHeinrich Navararsky, uye akabva agamuchira chigaro nenhaka kubva panhaka kubva heinrich iii vaalual. Kuva Iye Muvambi Wemanagari Mamambo weimba, yekutanga yeBourbon yakamisa hondo pakati pevaKatorike uye huguenotes uye akasimbisa hupenyu hwehupfumi hwenyika uye hwemagariro.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Heinrich iv akaberekwa musi waZvita 13, 1553 muguta rePo, ari kumaodzanyemba-kumavirira kweFrance. Madzitateguru ake, mambo na Mambokadzi weNavarre, vaigara mumhuri enjeri eHeinrich d ', ndewekuyerera kwakasiyana kwechitendero. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti mwana akabhabhatidzwa kuburikidza netsika dzeKaturike, amai veCalvinist vakamuunzira tsika dzechiPurotesitendi, vakaziva chete mvumo yekukanganwirwa uye ruregerero.
Muna 1561, baba veAntoine de Bourbon vakatora madiki henrich kubva pasi peJeanne D'ALBA D'Vachengeti uye vakamutora kuDare reFrance reCharles IX. Iye achiri kuyaruka akasvika pedyo nezera rezera uye akararama kwenguva yakati rebei pasi pekutambudzika kwemwanasikana weLouis, muPurotesitendi, uyo asina kugamuchira kumeso kwechitendero, anozivikanwa sehondo dzechiHuguenot.
Mushure mekufa kwaBaba, jaya rakaramba riremerwa nemamambo uye kuedza kwevabereki, vakagamuchira rutsigiro rweKatherine Medico, aive amai uye vaitamba vadiki karwenya. Mukadzi, uyo akapa simba rakakura pane hupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika uye hwemagariro, hwakavimbiswa henry dzidzo yakanaka uye post yegavhuna weiyo HORIEN.
Mabasa matsva akamanikidza Heinrich kuti aendeperekedza mambo munguva yerwendo kuburikidza nenyika dzeFrance, akanganisa hondo yechitendero yekutanga 1562-1563. Kuva pedyo pamba, mubati wechidiki akarova Zhanna d'Alba uye, achizviisa mukunyengerera kwaamai, muna 1567 akadzokera kuNavarour.
Panguva ino, kurwa kutsva pakati pevaKatorike nevaPurotesitendi kwakaitika muFrance, uye Heinrich akaisa muchetura kurwira padivi peutungamiri hwehukama hwekuverenga Garpara de Quindi.
Bhodhi nemushandirapamwe wemauto
Muna 1572, Heinrich yakagarwa nhaka kubva kumusoro wamambo wamambo weNavarre uye akatumidzwa kuti herrich iii. Muchirongwa ichi, akagumisa imba yezvematongerwo enyika uye yaive pakati pekuuraya kweropa yakarongedzwa nevatori vechikamu chehondo yechinguvana yechinguvana nekutsigirwa kweiyo Catherine Catherine.
Ini ndichinamata nenzira inoshamisa ndinodzivisa rufu, mambo wechidiki akagara kuDrench Court, akasungirirwa nemuvengi wePurotesitendi. Nekudaro, mushure mekutora chikamu mukukomberedzwa kwenhare yeLa Rochelle uye "Kurangana Kwekusagutsikana" Navarre Pasina kugutsikana "vakasunga vachipinda muchisimba muWenseynky carle pamwe chete neine pfungwa yeFrancois alanssonsky.
Mushure mekuregerera naKing Karl IX, vakasimbiswa nekutevera kwake kuHenry ILIVELUA, iyo yaimboita servirator vairambidzwa nemambo, ndokutiza kubatanazve nevaPurotesitendi musi waJune 13, 1576. Pasinei neizvi, mambo weNavarre haana kukurumidza kuputsa hukama neChivanze cheFrench Courtard uye akaramba achizadzisa mabasa emutungamiriri weGavhuna weGugur.
Muna 1577, Heinrich akatora chikamu muhondo yechitanhatu yechitanhatu, panguva yaakapomerwa nemapato anorwadzisa mukunyengera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutongi akaenda kunzvimbo yekutandarira muEreke uye akazviunganidzira nerubatsiro rwezvitendero zvese zvadzinoparadza.
Yakavhunduka neruzhinji uye yakakotama yakanangana naMambo wechiRusinamato, uye zviitiko zvehondo yechinamato yechinamato yechinamato chechinomwe, panguva iyo Henry akakwanisa kudzivisa kuuraya uye mapepa, pakupedzisira akasimbisa mukurumbira wake uye chinzvimbo chezvematongerwo enyika.
Pamusoro pezvo, Heinrich navarre, akadaira akananga kuLouis ix, akakwezva kutarisisa kwewaini, mushure mekuve iye anotanga kuganana chigaro cheFrance mushure mekufa kwemugari weumambo. Panyaya iyi, mambo anoshanda akaedza kugonesa muPurotesitendi kuti adzokere kuLono yeCatholic uye kutora chinzvimbo chakapfuura kudare, asi haana nguva yekuita mimba. Muna 1585, mushure mekusayina chibvumirano cheNemurian, mambo navaridzi, pamwe chete nevamwe veCalvinist, vakazova muvengi wemutemo uye vakabatanidzwa muhondo vakatanga neGiza Dynasty.
Mushure mekutarisa kukunda kwemauto eFrance, Heinrich Navarersky kuyananiswa neMwanakomana waEkaterina Medici uye akabatanidza neuto rake kuti arwe maCatholic, uyo akashandisa kurambidzwa kwesimba rehumambo reumambo. Mune imwe yehondo dzeHeinrich iii, akakuvara zvakanyanya uye, vachinzwa kuswedera kusvika parufu, muna Nyamavhuvhu 1, 1589 vakazivisa zviri pamutemo Mutungamiriri weAllion nemambo mutsva weFrancich iv.
Izvi zvakaitika mukati mevakanangana nedambudziko rechitendero uye vakamanikidza mambo mutsva kuti vaenderere mberi nekurwira pati yechibvumirano, chinangwa chikuru chacho chaive chekutapwa kweParis. Kuchengeta kusapindira mune zvechitendero, Heinrich iv akarasikirwa nechikamu chakakosha chehondo nevatsigiri. Akasundira kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyika, akawana nzira yekukurudzira mauto uye akagutsa vagari veguta guru kuti vatamire kudivi revaPurotesitendi mukuchengetedzwa kwehupenyu uye rusununguko rwechitendero.
Muzhizha ra1591, heir Henry III akasangana neNante odhiyo, ayo akagumisa purogiramu yePurotesitendi uye akaverengera pamwe chete nevateveri vechiKaturike, asi havana kuishandisa. Muna 1593, mushure mekuvharidzirwa kwenyika dzese, kwakagadzirirwa kusarudzwa namambo weFrance, Heinrich ivourgs aramba pamutemo Calvinism uye chikomborero chePapa MuRoma akadzokera kuLoo.
Mamongi mutsva uyu akaiswa korona musi waChikunguru 25, 1593 muCatholic Cathedral yeguta reCharter, uyezve Clement Viii ngaaende nezvivi zvekare.
Makore ekutanga ebhodhi reHeinrich iv akabatanidzwa nezviito zvehondo achipesana neSpain yakavakidzana, panguva iyo mambo akarasikirwa nerutsigiro rwevaPurotesitendi vazhinji uye maHuguenots. Pane imwe nzvimbo ine ngozi, mumutungamiri wechiFrench akasaina nantes akambosangana nemusoro wekururamisa uye akagumisa kurwadza, kwemakumi emakore, anotambudza nyika, uye akaperekedzawo hurumende nehurongwa hwekunze.
Mumakore akatevera, Henry IV, nerubatsiro rwemusoro rwehurumende cheDuke Suke uye vamwe vezvematongerwo enyika vakangwara, vakawana hutano huri munyika uye vakavakirwa zvivakwa zvakave nhaka yetsika yeFrance. Anopikisa reropa kakawanda akamanikidzwa kuti atendeuke kubatsirwa neuto, achidzvinyirira midzi yehurume uye kuranga vatungamiriri.
Kugara Mutongi weNavarre, monarch akawedzera nharaunda yenyika, achikwira pasi pake pasi pemahombekombe eAtlantic uye atangisa kuvandudzwa kwekurima, akakodzera rudo uye ruremekedzo.
Izvi zvaakakanganisa zvakakoshesa zvikuru munhoroondo yeFrance uye zvakarondedzerwa zvakaringana mumabhuku ezvinyorwa uye artistic. Heinrich iv akazova mumwe wevakanyanya mavara ezvinyorwa zvekutevera zveDuma Baba. Uyezve, biography yake yakanyorwa muchidimbu mabhuku eHenry Mann "makore okunyama aMambo Henry IV" uye "makore akura waMambo Henry IV", neyechiFrench-firimu reGerman "Heinrich Navarre".
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwaHenry IV hwomunhu hwomunhu hwaive hwakaenderana nezvematongerwo enyika. Muwanano yekutanga iyo ramangwana reFrench Monarch yakagumisa pamirairo yeCatherine Medicsi muna 1572. Mukadzi wake akava Princess Margarita Valua, ayo akazotanga kufonera vahosi Margo.
Amai vaHenry vakapokana nehukama hwakagadzirirwa kupa nyika pakati pekubvumirana kwechitendero chechitendero, asi kunyangwe kushaikwa kwechikomborero chevabereki, vechidiki vaitarisira Paris katati. Nekudaro, zvinopesana nezvinotarisirwa, muchato uyu une simba idzva uchanzi kurwa pakati pevaKatorike uye huguenotes, vakamanikidza vakaroora kuti vatange makore maviri.
Heinrich uye Margarita akabatanidzwazve muna 1578 uye akagara muNeakak castle, uko nzanga yakarongwa, mutorwa kune zvakananga. Nekudaro, mufaro weumambo murume nemukadzi vakanga vasingagumi. Heinrich, uyo aive nehukama hwakawanda, akarega kuteerera kune mumwe wake. Nechikonzero ichi, muna 1585, Margo akaenda kuParis uye akazopedzisira atyora hukama nemurume wake, achisiya chikamu chete chejoini.
Kwemakore gumi anotevera, Heinrich haana kufunga nezve mufaro wemhuri, achitungamira hondo yekorona yeFrance. Akange akakomberedzwa nematehari, vazhinji vavo vasina kusangana nenzvimbo yakakwirira yemumwe mukadzi wemamambo. Zvakangodaro, nyika yaida mugari wenhaka wehukama nemukadzi waimbove mukadzi, Heinrich iv akapedzisa chibvumirano chemuchato nemwanasikana weGreat Tuscany Maria Medicsi.
Kumufaro wamambo, nguva pfupi yapfuura mushure memuchato, zvaitwa muna Zvita 1600, murume wechidiki akabereka Dofina, akazoita France pasi pezita reLouis Xiii. Mambo akarangarira wechidiki uye akadzokera kune yekare hupenyu hwekutarisira, achizvipindira pamwe nekubatanidza kubatana uye vana zvisiri pamutemo. Yakatonyanya kuzivikanwa kubva kune yaanofarira yaive henrietta d'antrag, jacqueline de Bay, Charlotte Margarita de Mondrans uye Charlotte Anodiwa.
Rufu
Mumakore ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwaHeinrich iv, hupenyu hweFrance hwechiFrench hwaive huchityisidzirwa nehondo nyowani pakati peEuropean nyika. Munzvimbo dzevaKatorike uye maPurotesitendi akagutsikana namambo, izvo zvakaita kuti ubudise kupikiswa kweutsinye.
Muna 1610, pakati pevapikisi, zviremera zvakawana fani iyo yakafunga kuuraya mambo. Uyu murume aive mudzidzisi weFrancoc Ravaluck, muna Chivabvu 14, akasvetukira kumusoro kwehumambo hweumambo uye akarova Henry IV katatu zvakapinza neiyo dgger.
Chiitiko ichi chakaitika mumaziso eiyo d'EEEPERON yakashamiswa neanokudzwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo, aisakwanisa kubatsira Henry, akafa kubva mumahwindo akaitwa.