Biography
Imwe yefungwa dzakanaka dzeRussia dzezana rekutanga xx century, muzivi, munyori uye wevabudiridzi. Kubvunzurudza kweIvan Ilin, zvakatsaurirwa kuuzivi hweGeorge Hegel, kunoonekwa sekududzirwa kwakanyanya kwemabasa omuGerman anofunga. Ilyin haana kugamuchira shanduko uye iyo Bolshevik masimba, icho chaive chikonzero chekudzingwa kwake kubva kuRussia.
Hupenyu kune imwe nyika nyika yaive mutoro unorema kune sainzi aive awona chete muhushumiri chete. Asi nekuda kwevadzidzi vake nevateveri vakauya nekushanda kweiyo estine, mupiro weIlina kukuvandudza kweRussia pfungwa dzeruzivo hakufanirwe kurerutswa.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Ivan AlexandRovich Ilyin akaberekwa musi waKurume 28 (zvinoenderana nechimiro chitsva musi waApril 9) ye 1883 muMoscow mumhuri yakakura yakanaka. Baba Alexander Ivanovich Ilyin - Gubernsky Secretary, akapika dunhu reMoscow yeMoscow mutongo weMoscow. Amai - Ekaterina Yulievna Schweiker, Germany Starity, uyo akatora orderthodoxy. Vaviri vacho vakarera vana vechina: Alexey, Alexander, Ivan negori.
Mhuri yeIlya yakakurumbira nekuda kwehunhu hwake uye hwakanaka. Pakati pemadzitateguru anoshamisa kuna baba - sekuru Ivan Ivanovich Ilyin, mainjiniya, akatora chikamu mukuvakwa kweiyo Jekuru Kremlin imba, akabva aita mutungamiriri. Alexander Ivanovich pachayo yaive skeleton yam Emperor Alexander II.
Vabereki, vanhu vanonamata uye vakadzidza, vakatsvaga kupa vana dzidzo yakanaka uye vanoratidzwa kudzidziswa kwavo. Vanakomana vese vaIrini vakagamuchira dzidzo inopenya mukuita basa, vachienda kumahofisi aBaba.
Ivan, zvakare, uyo akadzidza makore mashanu mune 5th Moscow Gymnasium uye makore matatu muiyo 1st Moscow Gymnasium, yakapinda muFairm Faculy University muna 1901. Munyoreri ane menduru yegoridhe uye ruzivo rwakanakisa rwemitauro yakati wandei (kunze kwechiFrench neGerman, chiGiriki uye chechiGiriki uye neChechi slavonic) yakazova mumwe wevadzidzi vakanyanya kuyunivhesiti.
Uzivi uye zviitiko zvemagariro
Sezvo akadzidza zvakanaka, Ivan akatakurwa neuzivi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, shungu dzakagadzirwazve mukufarira kukuru. Zivo yemitauro yakavhura mudzidzi nekuwana mabasa evanoona vakuru veKant, Plato, kurongedza, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, asi vazhinji vejaya rinopinda dzidziso dzaHegel. Kuswededzwa kwepfungwa dzeuzivi hweGerman Ilin kuchatsvaira muhupenyu hwake hwese, ichave hwaro hwekugadzira iwo anotanhamara mabasa ezvinyorwa.
Vadzidzisi vaIvan vakakurumbira vevadzidzisi: Muchinda weVavengi veTrubetskoko, Pavel Novggor vagari vemo, avo, vakawedzera hunyanzvi hwepfungwa hwemurume wacho, vakacherekedza kuita kwake kunoshamisa. Yaive iyo Trubetskaya iyo inokumbira ILYIN pakupera kwezvidzidzo zvavo muna 1906 yakaramba iri muAlma Mater, yakatanga kugadzirira mabasa ekudzidzisa uye nekuenderera mberi kune purofesa.
Nhoroondo dzekutanga dzeMuchato Mudiki dzakatanga kuverenga muMoscow vakadzi vechikadzi vakakwira, kwaakasangana nemukadzi munguva yemberi - Natalia Vocach. Muchato hauna kuputsa zvirongwa zvake zvebasa resainzi. Muna 1909, Ilyin, achipfuura iwo bvunzo, akagamuchira degree raThe State, akadzivirira zita redhivhiti-rinorumbidzwa muDhipatimendi reEncyclopotilia Mutemo weMutemo University Yenyunivhesiti yeMoscow.
Kutanga kwechiitiko chesainzi yeIvan kunoonekwa kunge 1910, paakava nhengo yeSangano repfungwa yepfungwa uye rakaburitsa basa rekutanga "pfungwa yemutemo uye simba". Mushure meizvozvo, sainzi pamwe chete nemukadzi wake anoenda kunguva yekune dzimwe nyika muEurope. Kusvika 1912, anoteerera hurukuro dzehukuru hukuru hweEurope dzeEurope dzeRicket, iro guta reZimmel, E. Gusserly nevamwe kumayunivhesiti eBerlin neParis.
Rwendo urwu rwaive rwechinyakare nesainzi ine pfungwa nyowani, yeEurope mumakore iwayo yakawana yekuvhiya yemafashoni maitiro uye zvakawanikwa. Kunyanya, Ilyina ainakidza nzwisiso yesainzi yezvibodzwa. Iye mudzidzisi wechidiki uye iye amene anotaura nemishumo paSeinzi Seminess, hurukuro dzake dzinonakidzwa nekubudirira kusingachinjiki. Sezvo asvika pakufambira mberi, Ilyin akauya kuRussia mune 1913 zvirongwa zvizhinji zvesainzi uye kunyora AZART.
"Ini ndinofunga nezve uye kufunga zvakanyanya zvekuti munguva dzekuneta kana kuderera ndinoita kunge ndiri benzi", "anonyora diary yake.
Ilyin inoshanda chaizvo: Hukuru hwehukama hwake pahunyanzvi uye psychology kuMoscow University inounganidza makamuri izere evadzidzi. Mune zvemahara kubva pakudzidzisa zviitiko, Ivan ari kushanda pane zvinyorwa uye dissertations. Mumwe weimwe kubva pabasa rake, "Ziva munhoroondo yechigadzirwa" (1911), "pakumutsidzira kwehupfumi" (1912), "Uzivi Fichte seChitendero chehana" (1914), "zvinoreva zvekunamata zvehondo ((1915) uye vamwe vazhinji.
Izvi zvese zviri kuitika kupokana nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuchinja kwacho kwaiita kwa1917. Nekudaro, mafoni ekutanga haatyi muvengi wemagariro Ilina. Kunyangwe zviitiko zveKebruary anoona sekusvibisa kwenguva pfupi. Asi iyo October Revolution uye shanduko yehutongi, anosangana nenhamo chaiyo. Ilyin nzwisisike akatsigira mauto machena, kusanganisira mushandirapamwe, zvakaburitswa zvinyorwa zvaakanyorera kune varindi chena, vachidana vakundi. Kune izvi, kanopfuura kamwe chete kusungwa kubva muna 1918.
Mugore iro, Ilyin huzhinji yakadzivirira Thisis "Hergefiro yaHegel sedzidziso yekuzvarwa kwaMwari uye murume", kugamuchira madhigirii maviri kamwechete: tenzi uye vanachiremba veHurumende sesainzi. Uye kusungwa kwemasayendisiti akakurumbira, uyezve muedzo wake, zvakakonzera rudzidziso rukuru munharaunda. Muchikamu, nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwehungwaru, ambulensi amnesty yeIlina ainzi Ilina afirwa.
Makore mana neIvan AlexandRovich akashanda mumamiriro ezvinhu anorema pasi pekutarisirwa kweKakistiri, kakawanda akawadziswa ne "kukura kwe" basa reAntiet ". Nekuda kweizvozvo, nekuraira kwevakuru, Ilyina anotumirwa kubva kuRussia pane anonzi "uzivi uzivi." Pamwe chete naye, vamwe vanhu 160 vanobva pakati penyonganiso inofambira mberi yasara.
Kutama
MuGermany, uko musayendisiti weRussia akasvika, chitsauko chitsva chechipfuva chake chakatanga. Muna 1923, Yunivhesiti yeRussia yesayenzi yakavhurwa muBerlin, iye purofesa anaFely Ilyin. Akadzidzisa paiyo Encyclopedia yemutemo, uzivi uye aesthetics muchiRussia uye chiGerman uye chakazotarisirwa nekunyora kwekunyora uye zviitiko zvedzidzo. Pakati pemabasa enguva ino yenguva ino - kuumbwa "pakupikiswa kwesimba rakaipa" rakabudiswa muna 1925.
Mukuwedzera, Ilyin akatungamira basa reruzhinji pasangano rezvidzidzo zvechitendero uye nehunyanzvi hwekudzidza uye nzanga dzehunyanzvi uye nzanga yehunyanzvi. Achifamba nemitauro nezveRussia yose Europe, akaburitsa magazini "Bell yeRussia". Zvinoita sekuti hupenyu hunotamira hwakatanga kusimbiswa, asi mune makumi matatu ekuzvidzwa akauya kuGermany. Kuramba kugamuchira mazano eNational Socialism, Ilyin anomanikidzwa kusiya yunivhesiti, uye munguva pfupi kuvanda kubva kuGestapo zvachose.
Muna 1938 chete, akakwanisa kuenda kuSwitzerland. Shamwari yekare, sergeer Sergey Rakhmaninov, akabatsirwa kugaramo pano, akaita rubatso rwemari kuitira kuti muzivi wemukadzi wake haana kudzingwa kuBerlin.
Vakuru vanobvumira Ilyin kuti vagare, asi vakanyimwa kodzero yekushanda, bhuku uye zviitiko zvemagariro. Ivan AlexandRovich nemukadzi wake vakagara mumugodhi weZurich - Tsollyon. Zvese zvaaigona kuita kuita sainzi.
Pano, mune yechipiri yakamanikidzwa kutama, Ivan ilyin akanyora nhamba yebasa rakanaka. Chekutanga pane zvese, basa racho rakapera, iro rakazvitsaurira makore makumi matatu nematatu ehupenyu - "axioms dzechitendero. Zvakare akanyorawo nhevedzano yemabhuku matatu "mwenje wehupenyu. Iri bhuku reruzivo "," moyo unoimba. Bhuku rekufungisisa runyararo "uye" mutsika rinouya reRussia. "
Hupenyu Hwako
"Simba remafungiro uye simba reMweya rakasanganiswa risingaparadzaniswe; Uyezve rudo rwekunzwisisa runova chiratidzo chakatendeka uye chakarurama chekushamwaridzana pamweya uye rudo rwemweya, "Ivan AlexandRovich akanyora nezvake zvinyorwa.Aive aine rombo rakanaka kuti asangane nemurume waakawana mufaro muhupenyu hwake uye hukama hwemweya.
Natalia Nikolaevna Vokach akava mushee akatendeka, shamwari uye kushushikana kwevaenzi weRussia. Kupedza kudzidza kwevakadzi vechikadzi vakakwira, mukadzi akavhenekerwa uye akadzidza, akapamura maonero emumwe mukadzi. Kuita muzivi, munyori wezvenhau, nhoroondo.
Natalia Nikolaevna akagovana nemurume wake midziyo yekuviga uye yaive pedyo nekupedzisira, ichitsigira nekuchengetedza. Pakanga pasina vana vanobva kumhuri vaviri.
Rufu
Pasinei nokusangana kwakazara pane zviitiko zvekunyora, Ivan AlexandRovich aisawana nguva yakakwana. Aida kupedzisa bhuku racho "pamadzitaro", akagadzirira bhuku rebasa re "nzira yeuchapupu," akaronga kugadzirisa basa rakura. Asi kwaingova kusada kufarirwa muzivi wenyu mubhedha wechipatara. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muviri hauna kutsungirira mutoro: Zvita 21 Zvita 1954, Ilyin akafa. Rufu rwakaitika nekuda kwekushaya simba nekuda kwekurwara kazhinji.
Ivan Alexandrovich akavigwa muZillyon. Mukadzi, akamupukunyuka makore masere, akawanawo rugare rusingaperi pano. Muna 2005 chete, prah yemurume vakaroora akaendeswa kuRussia uye akavigwa muNecrolis yeiyo Don monastery.
Mabasa eIlyina akatanga kubudiswa munyika yokumusha kwavo kubva pakutanga kwemahombekombe makumi mapfumbamwe uye akawana mukurumbira mumahara mazhinji evarume venguva dzazvino. Quotes yeiyo muzivi anoshandiswa mukutaura kwavo nemutungamiri weRussia Vladimir Putin, firimu director Nikita Mikalkov nevamwe.
BHAIBHERI
- 1915 - "Dzidziso Dzakafanana neNzvimbo Yakakodzera uye Nyika"
- 1918 - "Uzivi hwaHegieri sedzidziso yokusaziva kwaMwari uye nemurume"
- 1925 - "Pakupokana kweMimba Yakaipa"
- 1931 - "Uturu Bolshevism"
- 1937 - "Zvakakosha Tsika dzechiKristu"
- 1958 - "Mwoyo unoimba. Bhuku Rokuremekedza Kwakanyarara "