Biography
Iyo yechitendero uye tsika yetsika yeiyo dopevererovsky era Simeron Polotsky yakava yakakurumbira zvinyorwa uye zvechitendero mabasa. Basa renyika rinoshatisa, mukuru akasanganisira nemusoro wemusoro uye neakabudirira zvakafanana vakanyora mharidzo dzechechi nemanyoro nekuda kweMambo. Iye aive akafudzwa gore uye akaita madzishe emamambo madzishe. Kuve netarenda uye kwakasiyana-siyana, kwakava kuzivikanwa kwenguva yake.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Izita renyika reSimioni Polotsk - Samuel petrovsky-Cotomomanovich (pane misiyano pakati pe surname). Akazvarwa muna 1629 muguta rePolotsk uye panzvimbo yekuzvarwa akagamuchira zita rake, raakasiiwa naye mundangariro dzavanhu. Belarusian Pollotk akabva auya mukutaura kwekumanikidzwa.
Samueri aive mumwe wevana vashanu mumhuri. Panguva iyoyo, dzidzo huru muEast Europe inogona kuwanikwa chete mumasangano eChechi eChechi. Iye mukomana airatidza kufarira nesainzi uye mukuyaruka akaenda kuKiev, kwaakatanga kudzidza muKiev-Mohyla koreji.
Panguva iyoyo, yaive yekare yunivhesiti yeChechi yeOrthodox muUkraine. Izvi zvakapihwa dzidzo inosiyana-siyana: Akadzidzisa mitauro, arithmetic, nhetembo, mimhanzi, uzivi uye dzidziso yedzidziso. Iye muridzi wemukomana aive Lazar Baranovich - Bishop Cherngov.
Kuwanikwa kwaSamueri kubva pamadziro emutengesi aimiririra sainzi yejaya richishungurudzika mumakakatanwa, ayo aiitwa zvakanyanya mukudzidzisa.
Kuda kwezvaisai kwakaita kuti aende naye kuchiito Jesusit academy, uko jaya raifamba kamwe chete pamakore 1650s. Pane vhezheni yaakava nhengo yeiyo isina kujairika bandilian order. Vanyori venhauve vachishongedza Simiyoni mukutendeka, asi vachifunga kuti jaya raishandisa kurongeka semukana wekugamuchira dzidzo yakanaka. Iyi nzira yaifambawo vamwe vakararama panguva iyoyo, vakazova vakave vakakurumbira vechihukadzi veChechi yeOrthodox.
Zviitiko uye Ushumiri
Pashure pokunge vapedza kudzidza, jaya rinodzoka kune polotsk uye ipapo rinova momongi erthodox. Muna 1656, nezita raive nezano, Simiyoni, anopinda mumongi epombany, kwaanozadzisa kuteerera kwemudzidzisi pachikoro chekunze. Panguva iyoyo, murume anonyora nhetembo, mavhesi uye kushambidzika kwemakore anoda kusvika gumi.
Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich aipfuura Pollotsk, Monn Simeon zvake ave aine Changamire Rumbidzo mavhesi ane kukwazisa. Monarry akarangarira imwe tarenda mudetembi. Muna 1660, Simioni akasvika kuMoscow nevadzidzi nevadzidzi uye vakaita sedare nedare, ipapo anozvishingisa kupa basa rake kuna mambo. Zvipo zvakawandisa, zvekushandisa uye dzidzo zvaive nemoyo murefu ne polotsk ink.
Kubva kuna 1664, anoenda kuMosere kubasa kuna mambo, anowana zvinhu zvakawanda nemitemo yake. Zvishoma nezvishoma, Simiyoni anova akangokwanisa chete. Pakutanga aitoita kudzidza machinda madiki uye vagadziri vagadziri vezvakavanzika zviitiko zvaMambo, izvo zvakabvumira kutonga kwemukomana uye kutevera mhosva dzevakarwisa nyika. Chikoro ichi, kwaidzidziswa nemurume wechiLatin Latin, aive pasi pesimba re saconoscope, asi dzaivapo chete makore mana.
Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo polyglot monk inova mushanduri. Muna 1665, katsi mune yematare Nikon, uye Simioni, mitauro yechiLatin, yeUkisheni, yeUkisheni, yeUkiramu, yeUkisheni, yakava Telllim Bishopi Bhishopi. Polotsk Monk anoshingairira kutora chikamu mukuwisirwa kwetateguru Nikon uye shanduko yake. Chirongwa cheChirongwa "Red Board" yakabuda muna 1667 pachiso chekatsi yese mune yepamusoro yevatungamiriri vekereke yakatsemuka.
Vanyori venhoroondo vanoona kushaya simba kwekupokana uye nekuchikoro kwakazara kwerugwaro, asi panguva yekuburitswa gwaro rakazivikanwa seane simba uye rakakosha. Kubva panguva iyoyo, Simioni Polotk anova mutebo redare uye munyori, achitora zvihomwe uye kushambadzira kwakasimba nekuda kwaChangamire. Anounganidza raibhurari yakapfuma uye inotanga mambo kurera mwero wedzidzo muRussia.
Muna 1667, Mutongi anosarudza kusimudzira kwake kuita basa remudzidzisi wevadiki vadiki. Simba reSimon Polotsky pavana Alexei Mikhailovich rakaoma kufungisisa. Alexey Tsarevich akave mudzidzi wekutanga. Kumutevera, Tsarevna Sophia naFedher, uyo akazotevera, ane makore gumi, mambo Fyedor III. Nemhaka yeMudzidzisi, vana vakataurwa pachena mumitauro yakati wandei, disassemble muhunyanzvi, dzidziso yedzidziso uye yairatidza kugona kuve nhetembo.
Maererano nendangariro dzevanhu vakararama, Simiyoni Polotsky yakaita padare basa rekuita nyeredzi, vachiona nyeredzi uye kudzidza kufungidzira. Alexander Pushkin akataura kuti mutana akaberekwa naPetro ini uye kunyangwe biography rine mbiri yoMambo mukuru.
Iye murume akawana pesvedzero paruvanze, iyo yakamupa rusununguko. Uye akatarisa pane mharidzo yechechi, kutsvaga kumutsidzira tsika yevafundisi. Munyori ari kutaura zvese nezvezvinhu zvekunamata uye nezvematambudziko epamusoro enharaunda, achisimbisa kukosha kwedzidzo uye dzidzo yekuchinja kwakanaka.
Nguva pfupi yasara parufu, mukuru akavhura typography mu kremlin, ipo "tsamba" uye mabhuku akaenzanisira akadhindwa maartist uye engravers. Simonon Pollotsk akaisa chirongwa cheSlavic-Greco-Latin Academy, iyo yakavhurwa muMoscow panguva yekutonga kwemudzidzi wake, iwo machinda eSophia Alekseevna.
Mazano uye kugona
Kusimudzira Simonon Polotsk chinhu chakakurumbira chiitiko muRussia mabhuku. Iye ndiye munyori wemazana enhetembo, mharidzo, rinotamba uye dzinobuda. Hafu yehupenyu mudetembi yaive pedyo neChangamire uye akaramba akatendeka kwaari aine kugona uye mazano. Nhetembo dzake hadzina kungorumbidzwa mambo chete, asi zvakare rakapokana nesimba uye simba reRussia nyika. Iyo nhetembo renzvimbo ye autocrat yaisanganisira zvinhu zvakadai sekunaka uye ngoni, kurupurika uye rupo.
Nhaka yenhetembo yemunyori inosanganisira marudzi mazhinji: Heano mapundu nemavhesi, satire uye madectics. Mutambo waPolototk wakanyorwa nendima yeSillabic, pakati pavo "mushambadzi wemufananidzo wemwanakomana anopambadza," uko munyori anomiririra dudziro yemazuva ano yezvinetso zvemadzibaba nevana. Mudetembi anogadzira noushingi mumarudzi, panguva iyoyo asina kusimba anogadzirwa mumabhuku eRussia.
Munyori anotorwa for the psaltiri nhetembo dzimba, dzinotaura muunganidzwa wenhetembo "rwiyo". Masikati emunun'una ane nhetembo kuna Barochko: Rinoshanda mune tambo nekushongedza, kuda zvivakwa zvakaoma uye kupanduka.
Nhaka yechitendero cheSimioni Polotk yakatarisana nemapeji e "korona yekutenda" uye kuunganidzwa kwemharidzo dzine munyori zvinopfuura 200. Aya mabasa anowanzozivikanwa seyakajeka kubva pane maonero ezvidzidzo zvechitendero, asi zvinoumbwa nechishuvo chekushandura chakafa chehupenyu hwemweya uye hwemagariro.
Kune vadzidzi vake, mudzidzisi akanyora mabasa akakosha, pakati pekuti kuchinjiswa kweupenyu hwaJesu Kristu uye "vertogard multicolor". Iyi purojekiti ndeye zviuru zvemavara ari pamwe nealfabheti yeSlavic ABC. Pano nyaya dzakatorwa kubva kuMagwaro Matsvene uye nekucherechedzwa kwehupenyu. Iri bhuku rave rwokuverengera rekureva uye nekupfupisa maonero ehunhu nemafungiro emunyori. Mudzidzisi wacho aivavarira kudzidzisa nevana vehumambo vevorudo kudzidzisa uye kushanda, vachidana "rudo" hupenyu zvisinei nechimiro uye chinzvimbo munharaunda.
Hupenyu Hwako
Samueri Petrovsky-Cotomanovich aine makore 27 akatora monastaric kumira nezita raSimiyoni. Panguva iyoyo, akagamuchira mhiko dzenhamo uye celiblecy, zvichiteerana, murume uyu aisave uye aisakwanisa kuve akerswa nevana. Hupenyu hwemunhu wese hwemamongi kushandira Mwari uye kuuya pamberi pake. Kune zvinoshungurudza kuwira munzira iyi, asi maererano neSimiyoni Polotk nhoroondo haina kuchengeta chero chokwadi uye kunyange runyerekupe.Rufu
Chokwadi chinonakidza uye ruzivo nezve mazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwemukuru hazvizivikanwe. Chikonzero cherufu vasiri vanonyora chero chinhu kongiri. Simioni Pollotsk akafa musi wa15, 1680 muMoscow. Mudzidzi akavigwa mune spassky katsi yeiyo Kyaconoscope monastery yeChina, kwaakange aivenga chikoro panguva imwe, iyo yakava prototype yeiyo Moscow yemweya yekunamata. Yakachengetedza guva neguva remukuru.
Zvinyorwa zvemunyori panhau dzezvitendero zvakapihwa mhosva uye zvakarambidzwa nguva pfupi mushure mekufa. Zvakatendwa kuti zvinyorwa hazvina kuchengetera kuchena kwekutenda kweOrthodox, uye "vakatapukirwa neLatin Healy."
Musi waSeptember 7, 2003, chifananidzo cheBelarusian sculptor Alexander Finnish yakagadzwa muPolotSk Simioni. Guta rine Museum-raibhurari, kwaunogona kuzivana nezvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvekare zvemunyori.
BHAIBHERI
- 1667 - "Tsvimbo yeBhodhi"
- 1660s - "Korona Yokutenda"
- 1676-80- "Vertogard Multicolor"
- 1679 - "Mutauro Wainzi Sayenzi"
- 1680 - "Malasses"
- 1680 - "Rhymsology"
- 1680 - "Psalter Rhyp"
- 1685 - "Kusvibisa Mwanakomana wake anopambadza"