Biography
Richard Strauss mutambi wechiGerman, uyo kutaura kwake kwave kuita kune hupenyu hwenharaunda 19-20 zana ramakore. Imwe yemumhanzi wakakurumbira muGermany, akaitwa semunyori wechiimbi uye citarge. Strauss anoremekedzwa muhupenyu, kubwinya kunofambidzana naye uye nhasi nekuda kwemabasa asingafi.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Richard Strauss akaberekerwa muna June 11, 1864 muMunich. Baba vaRichard vaive nemabiko kubva kune vanowo vakakwanisa kuwana kuzivikanwa uye zvinzvimbo nekutenda tarenda re fan. Akava mudzidzisi wekutanga weMwanakomana. Amai vemukomana vaive mwanasikana wemabhureki akapfuma uye zvakare vaive nekuumbwa kwakanaka uye tsika yekuongorora mimhanzi. Mumhuri yake vaive vamiriri vefoni.
Mumakore mana, Richard akatanga makirasi piyano, uye 6 aiziva kuverenga. Nenguva ino inosanganisira yekutanga copyright inoshanda. Strauss Jr. Akakwidza mimhanzi, akadzidza nemufaro wake uye akafadzwa zvakafanana. Maitiro ayo baba akapfuura aiita kunge vanhu vechidiki, uye aitsvaga maitiro matsva.
Pamakore gumi, mukomana akatanga kunzwa mabasa emimhanzi yeRichard Wagner. Strauss yakakunda mamiriro uye maitiro emunyori opera. Muna ikoku, haana kusimbisa nababa vake, avo vaiona basa romushandi wakaderera. Baba vanorambidza mwanakomana wake kuti vateerere mimhanzi iyi. Richard akakwanisa kudzidza zvinyorwa zveTristan uye Isolodas, anongova mukuru.
Pakudzokorora kwedare reOrchestra, Strauss-Jr. Wakafunda dzidziso yemimhanzi uye orchestration nekuda kwekutangisa kwaBaba. Mukuwedzera, iye ainyorerwa kumba uye akadzidza nzira yekurovedza muviri. Ipapo, kuYunivhesiti yeMunich, remangwana remunyori vanoziva nhoroondo yeunyanzvi uye uzivi.
Muitisi weConstrich Fried akapa madhiri madhora ekuwirirana uye akatsanangura kuongororwa kwemafomu. Nekutora chikamu muAmateur Orchestra, Richard akaedza ruzivo mukuita uye akasika ekuedza kwekutanga. Tarenda rake raive pachena kuti pakanga pasina chikonzero chekupinda muchengetedzwa.
Mumhanzi
Basa rekutanga remahara rakaratidzirwa semuenzaniso wekuremekedzana kwemwero. Tarenda rekutanga remunyori raikoshesa zvisizvo vatsoropodzi, vanoita uye vanoita uye vanoita. Hans Background Buloves akagadzira marara aine mutsivi wake, akapa kujaya rechidiki yedare reOrchestra reDuke reSaxen-Vadedersky. Asi akakweverwa mudenga rakakura, uye Richard akabva kuguta, achivavarira kuita zviito zvikuru.
Akahwina chinzvimbo che30rd kapelmeister mu munich Court opera. Mimhanzi yekuedza yakagadzira fungidziro yemifananidzo yakafuridzirwa nerwendo rwekuenda kuItari, uye muna 1886 ibasa re "kubva kuItari" rakazvarwa.
Mushure memakore matatu semuratidziri weiyo Wayima Court Theatre, Strauss akanyora opera uye akashanda zvakafanana pamusoro peiyo symphony nhetembo Don Juan, yakaunzwa muna 1889. Kuumbwa kweiyo madhiri aive akabudirira. Richard aive nemakore makumi maviri nemashanu, biology yake yekusika yakatanga kuumbwa, uye nyika yemimhanzi yakanga yatogadzirira kuzviisa pasi.
Iri rinotevera iconic basa raive macbeth opera. Vatsoropodzi vanofungisisa, uye baba vake vakataura zvakanyanya zvakanyorwa neMwanakomana, vachikumbira shanduko yezvinyorwa. Instrumental yakawandisa uye kunyanyisa kwakapambwa kufungidzira kwemimhanzi. Asi iyo yepfungwa inotsanangurwa mukati maro ichiri kuravira vamwe vateereri. Shakespeare Dambudziko, Kunetsana uye Kutongwa Kwemukati meOpera Melody.
Muna 1889, veruzhinji vakajairana ne "rufu uye kujekeswa", izvo zvakarondedzera kushaya simba kwevanhu uye maonero ekuchinja. Basa racho rinonzwa kutya kwekuchinja, achiperekedza shanduko yehurumende yehurumende uye isingazivikanwe tarisiro yeramangwana.
Muna 1893, marara akaunzwa kumuridzi veruzhinji mutambo wekutenderera "Guntram". Uye muna 1895th yakaratidza vateereri "merry vatengesi veTila Ulenshpigeli", zvakatsaurirwa kushamwari Arthur ndichaenda. Basa remaminitsi gumi nemashanu rekushoropodzwa rakaratidzwa seyakanakisa muhuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvemunyori. Kutamba kwepfupi kunoenderana ne 27 episode nezve hupenyu uye adventures yegamba rezvinyorwa.
1896th akaiswa chiratidzo nekuburitswa "akadaro Zaratiltra." Zaynal akatora chikamu mukushanda parunhare. Netsaona inofara, akazova pfungwa inokurudzira, ichipa bhuku raNietzsche bhuku.
Nhetembo yeSporhoNicnic inosanganisira nezvimedu 9 zvinoenderana nemisoro yebhuku rakazova muenzaniso wakajeka wekuremekedzwa kweGerman. Starins inoitiswa pane yekutanga muFrankfurt uye yakatanga kutsoropodza nevateereri. Muna 1904, akanyora kuti "basa remusha", iro rakaratidzirwa nekupedzwa kwebasa riri padanho remabasa emarudzi aya.
Muna 1905, Sarah Bernard Strauss akanyora mutambo uyu pakutamba kweOscar Wilde Salome. Imwe nehafu makore aida marara ekushanda pane symphony. Preemiere yakatanga scdya. Kunyanyisa kusiyana-siyana, kusiyanisa kwakasiyana uye kuenzanisira mune zvakaitika kwakaitwa APotheosis akatenderedza basa racho.
ChiGerman puritan mutariri nekunetseka akagamuchira chinyorwa chetsika. Artists akaramba kutamba mutambo. Ndokuzotevera "Electra". Mabasa maviri akatanga kubuda muEurope, zvishoma nezvishoma achipinda mufundisi wevadzidzi vakasiyana siyana.
Richard akatanga kushanda nesimba senge conductor uye akagamuchira post muBerlin Court orchestra. Akazogadzwa nemumhanzi wemumhanzi weBerlin Court Opera. Mumhanzi wemimhanzi ari pasi pehusimbe emaguta akaitwa mumaguta akasiyana eGerman. Novator yakaitika kuve mukuda. Akadziyirwa nerwendo rwekushanya, uye vateereri vari muUSA kwemwedzi miviri "vakapambwa" vakapambwa, vakapa 35 makomisheni muAmerica.
Muimbi ane simba uye anoshanda nesimba akagadzira iyo kavarera yakasimuka muna 1911. Akatevera matsva euresas, zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi zvemajona uye orchestral mitambo. Strauss akafamba nehanya kweEurope, United States uye muna 1913 yasvika Russia. Panguva iyoyo, akatoshanda pa "Alpine symphony", iyo yakaona mwenje muna 1915 muBerlin. Rwiyo rwake runoratidzwa imwe yeanonyanya kufarirwa mumhanzi wekare.
Muumbi anobatana neHugo Background Hoffmantaltalmasita pane "mukadzi pasina mumvuri". Iyo yekutanga ye opera yakaitwa muna1919. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, Richard Strauss akagamuchira kokero yekuve mutungamiriri weVienna House House, kwaaishanda mumakore mashanu anotevera. Akagadzira mabhora uye operas.
Munguva yakaoma ichishandura magadzirirwo ezvematongerwo enyika, marara agara aripo pachayo. Akanzwa manzwiro avanhu uye akamupindura aine mimhanzi. Pasina kusangana nematambudziko, mutambi haana kurega kugadzira, kunyora kudanana uye operas.
Kukura zvakanyanya kufa kwaKorofmanstal, muimbi waitsvaga mumwe mutsva uye akamuona muStefan Tsweig. Asi hurumende yeHitler haina kubvumidza zviitiko zvemunyori. Strauss aisapedzwa nekunyadziswa kwemudiwa, uye akasiya basa.
Muumbi akashanda nenzira yemwenje yemwenje, mimhanzi yake yakazara neyakanaka uye hutano. Vanyori vevatambi vepamhepo ndevabaye vane mukurumbira opera "Don quixote", "hupenyu hwaGamba" uye Suite "mukurumbira" mukurumbira ". Muumbi ane kuseka akataura nezve kugona kwake, achizviti "wechipiri-nguva".
Hupenyu Hwako
Richard Strauss akasangana nerudo rwake muna 1887, achitaura conductor weGrisel naGretel opera. Muchigadzirwa, muimbi weWertlina Maria de Ana, umo mutambi akawira murudo pasina ndangariro. Achitaura naro patron yake, akataura kuti muimbi ari mubato muGuntram opera.
Powelina ane hunhu hwakaoma. Pasinei neizvi, muna 1894 Muchato wake naBrarard Strauss zvakaitika. Kuroora kwakaperekedzwa nezvinyorwa zvakatsamwiswa nemukadzi wake. Strauss aive achifara muhupenyu hwake uye akaramba achishivirira dambudziko rake. Mushure mekukakavara nemudzimai wake, aigara achishanyira kukurudziro, saka aifunga nezvePaulina museum. Kwaari, munyori akanyora nziyo dzishoma, dzaizeza mutambi padzvenesera mukurumbira. Asi izvi hazvina kuderedza tsika yePousin kune godo murume wake uye kuronga zviitiko.
Kunyangwe hukama hwakaoma, vaviri vacho vaive nevana. Muna 1896, mugari wenhaka kumunyori Franz strauss akaberekerwa. Chitarisiko chake chakazvipira ku "home symphony".
Asi mwanakomana anodiwa haana kuderedza degree rekutsamwa kwe pawlin. Akabvumidza pachena nezvemurume wake, vakamupikira iye paruzhinji, airatidza hunhu husina kusarudzika munharaunda uye akaramba aine hujere. Iyo yekushambidza marara mairi haina hanya, kunyangwe iye akave munhu akabatwa nekupisa.
Pane imwe nguva akagamuchira chinyorwa pakatangwa hukama hwemurume wake padivi, muimbi akamurambana. Mushure meizvozvo, mharidzo dzaisagara chero munhu, sezvo hupenyu hwake hwese hwaida mukadzi mumwe uye akaramba achishandisa mabasa ake.
Rufu
Richard Strauss airarama hupenyu hwakareba. Rufu rwakamuwana mugore rechina. Muumbi aive asina kusimba uye huswa. Mutumbi wake wakange wakapfeka zvine simba nekuda kwebasa rayo rinoshingaira. Kazhinji ngatizivi nezvavo kushaya simba uye moyo unorwara. Dzimwe nguva madhiri akatopera kujekeswa kwekuziva. Chikonzero chekufa kwemugadziri chakazoitika kuti zvakasikwa nekuda kwezera rake. Nyamavhuvhu 8, 1949 akafa.
Chokwadi chinoshamisa chinosanganiswa nezita remubvu. Zvinowanzotorwa kune imwe hama yemumwe anozivikanwa, Johann Strauss, uyo akarumbidza walktzes akanyorwa. Asi chete chokwadi chinonakidza icho United mimhanzi yeUnited vaviri yaive yekuwedzera kufarira kweNazi nekwairi neAdolf Hitler.
Mushandi anoshanda
- 1887 - "Kubva kuItari"
- 1889 - "Don Juan"
- 1890 - "Macbeth"
- 1895 - "Merry Tricks yeTila UleneNenspige"
- 1896 - "Nditaura Zarati"
- 1898 - "Don Quixote"
- 1904 - "Kumusha Symphony"
- 1905 - "Salome"
- 1909 - "Electra"
- 1911 - KAValer roses
- 1928 - "Elena Egypt"
- 1935 - "Mukadzi Akanyarara"
- 1938 - "Zuva Renyika"