Biography
Adam Mitskevich ndiro hurukuro yePolish inozivikanwa, chiitiko chake chenyika chakafanana nechikonzero cheAlexander puskin mabhuku eRussia. Nyanzvi dzinodaidza munyori kuMunotanga wePoland Romanticism. Akamira mumusoro weiyo nyika liberation kufamba muPoland.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Adam Mitskevich akaberekerwa muPossos Farm, pedyo neguta reNovoGuruk. Makore matatu pamberi pomunyori, nyika idzi dzaive dzeCommocial, uye ndokuzosungirirwa kuHurumende yeRussia. Nhasi, ndima yacho ndeyeBlarus, saka vagari venzvimbo iyi vanoziva nezve basa renhetembi.
Adamu akazvarwa musi waZvita 24, 1798. Baba vemukomana, Mikolai, kwaive kusiya kubva kune yekare yeLithuania yerudzi. Pane imwe nguva anga ari ezvekufara, asi mhuri iyi yakange yapera uye yakanga isina mamiriro. Mitskevich-sr. Inotungamira kumuitiro weMutemo wekufudza mhuri. Muna 1794, murume akatsigira mhirizhonga yeTadeusch Kostyutko uye muvanakomana vake akaunza nyika yake kumusha kwake nekuremekedza vese. Amai vaBarbara, muJudhawo mavambo, veimba yemushandi mudiki.
Musi waFebruary 12, 1799, mukomana akabhapatidzwa muNovogrudsky Church yekushanduka chitarisiko yaIshe. Kubva pa1805 kusvika 1815, akadzidza pachikoro cheDominic, akatakurwa neThe ngirozi yeSt. Nhetembo yekutanga Mitskevich yakanyora mukuyaruka. Aifarira kudzidza.
Turakiti reruzivo uye kushingairira kwakabetsera kugashira Stuolarship uye kuenda kuIlen University, iye akatanga kudzidza muna 1815. Kutanga, iyo huru inotarisisa yeMitskevich yaive fizikisi uye masvomhu, asi mugore iro jaya rakaendeswa kune iyo nhoroondo uye philology fitully. Kufarira mumabhuku nenhoroondo kwakazoitika kuve kwakasimba.
Pakarukwa chitsva, mudzidzi akatanga kuverenga antique anoshanda muzvinyorwa zvekutanga, akadzidza mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika uye akashanyira hurukuro dzevadzidzisi vanozivikanwa. Vadzidzisi vakabatsirwa kuumba maitiro ekuita nyika kune chokwadi uye zviri kuitika munyika. Pfungwa dzekirasi dziri mumitauro yavo dzakasanganiswa nemaitiro ehunhu mutsva akafashama akasungira majaya.
Kubva 1817, Mitskevich yaive mumapoka evadzidzi vaitora chikamu mukusikwa kwenyika dzidziso yePatriotic: VaPylomates uye Phylaretov. Vatorwa venyika yehurumende, vakarwa nekuchengetedza mutauro wavo uye neruremekedzo rwenyika dzenyika, kusimudzira rubatsiro vanoshaya. Gare gare, zvavanotenda zvakaumbwa muchirongwa chezvematongerwo enyika.
Sezvo anga agamuchira diploma pakupera kweyunivhesiti muna 1819, Mitskevich akawana mukana wezviitiko zvepagegical. Akatumirwa kuguta reKovno, zvino Kaunas. Kutaura zvakananga padanho rakadaro, machinda anotonga kuYunivhesiti yeVilensky, akaedza kuchengetedza mudetembi kubva pamabatiro emakona. Rudzi rwechiratidzo rwakaisa kutanga kwekusikwa kwemabasa mumweya wekudanana. Mitskevich akanyora mabhawa uye nhetembo, achitsanangura maonero ake neWorldview.
Nhetembo
Muna 1822, bhuku rekubiridzira renhetembo dzechitunha dzaAdamu Mitskevhich rakaoneka. Vhoriyamu yekutanga yezvakanyorwa ichinzi "nhetembo" uye yaisanganisira kutenderera kwakakurumbira "mhanza uye matanda". Kwapera gore, vakaburitsa vhoriyamu yechipiri yebhuku, uyo aive nenhamba yakaunzwa "diada" uye "Grazin".
Basa renharaunda remagazini raive rakabatana zvakanyanya nekwisingakwanisi, chikamu chave kuronga. Muna 1823, Mitzkevich akasungwa pa "nyaya yevatengesi". Aive mutirongo, asi nekuda kweshamwari dzake muna 1824th akasunungurwa pane kuda. Mushure mehafu yegore, vanyori vakadzingwa muguta.
Akamanikidzwa kuenda uye rwendo kuenda kuSt. Akazoshanyira Odssa, iyo Crimea, Moscow uye akadzokera kuguta rekuchamhembe. Rwendo rwacho rwakatora makore mashanu ndokuuya Mitskevich kuti vazivise pamwe neyekugadzira njere dzeRussia. Pashure pacho, akaenda kuEurope uye akashanyira Italia, Switzerland, Germany. Mudetembi akazova muteereri ehurukuro dzaHegel.
Muna 1830, mhirizhonga yaNovember yakaitika muPoland, naMitzkevich kuti vakaedza kudzokera kumusha kwake, asi havana kubvumidzwa. Aifanira kutamira kuParis uye enderera akaipa muEurope, uyo akatungamira munyori weItari.
Mitskevich aive munyori anobereka anobereka. Nhaka yake ine huwandu hwemabasa evahema akasiyana siyana. Kurudzira mavhoriyamu maviri ezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa, Adhama akagadzira chivakwa chayo pachavo pachivande chemuchirongwa pane vanhu uye zvitendero. Vaive vakavharira pane zverudo zvinotenda, kutumira kune nyika yekufungidzira, uko zvinhu zvikuru zvakava zvinhu zvikuru. Genre miganhu mumabasa aya akasvibiswa.
Zvinyorwa zvakakurumbira kwazvo zveratidziro ichi zvaive "Paris", "romance", "zvinotapira" uye "Svitzian". Mushure merwendo muRussia, Misasa yemasora yakapihwa. Nyaya yavo huru yakazova tsananguro yechisikigo uye kubatana nemunhu wake.
Muna 1828 vakaburitsa bhuku "Konrad Valenrod. Nhoroondo yenhoroondo kubva kuLithuanian uye Prussian nhoroondo. " Hurongwa hunotaura nezve chiitiko chinoitika muzana ramakore rechi14. Iyo protagonist, tenzi yeCretader, inoiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu esarudzo pakati pemanzwiro ekunzwa uye knight's Code. Nerubatsiro rwake, Mitskevich yakatsanangura zvakaitika kune vatori vechikamu musangano rakavanzika raaive raAri.
Nhetembo "Ngarava yeVadelot" uye "Alpuhara" - inoshanda mumavhesi, anodiwa nevaverengi veRussia, vakabuda munguva imwe chete, asi havana mutoro mumwechete wemweya. MuEurope, Mitskevich akashanda pane kuenderera mberi kwenhetembo "dida". Zviitiko zvinoverengeka zvebasa, kubatanidza, kugadzira kuumbwa kunotaurira nezve zvinotendwa nedatidziro uye tsika, zvishuvo zvegamba reLyrical.
Idzi nzvimbo dzinotyisidzirwa neiyo manhamba umo munyori anotsanangura maitiro ekuita kuti vaite zvevatengesi. Basa racho rinorondedzera kuungana kwemunhu mukuru, kukwirira kwake kune Wemasimbaose nemubvunzo wekururamisa kwezviri kuitika mudunhu uye nekumanikidza kwevanhu. Kurambwa kweRoyal Despotism Mitskevich inotsanangurwa kuburikidza nePrism yeiyo yakanaka uye yekufungidzira.
Basa guru repani tadeusch mudetembi akagadzirwa muna 1834 panguva yekugara kwake muParis. Pane mitsara yemarudzi akati wandei mariri, kuvonga kuti kunyora kwave kuita nhetembo yenyika, hapana analogoes mumabhuku ePolish. Munyori akarondedzera nzanga yakagadzirirwa kusvika mauto aNapoleon. Iyo yekupedzisira yekupedzisira yebasa haina kusimbiswa nechokwadi, zvinopesana nemafungiro aAdamu.
Kuwedzera kune nhetembo, Mitskevich aifarirawo kutaura nezvepfungwa. Muma 1840, akasunungura kutenderera, idzo dzidziso dzevanyori dzinotaurwa ne "kutsoropodza lausanm." Inoshanda inotsanangura semuenzaniso werudo rwemudzidzi, zvinhu zvekufungidzira zviri mubasa remunyori wanhasi. Nhetembo dzakafanofanidzirwa shanduko dzakanaka dzinofanira kusvika pakutsiva kuputsa. Vakafananidzwa nekuuya kwechipiri kwaKristu, vanokwanisa kuparadzira nheyo dzechiKristu kwese.
Vavariro dzakafanana vakaoneka mubasa racho panguva yekunyorwa kwe "Zajadov" uye mu "bhuku revanhu vePolish uye VaPolish Vafambi", rakabudiswa muna 1832. Munyori akataura kuti Poland inyaya ine vanhu vanokwanisa kutsungirira kudzvinyirira. Zvinongedzo zvechitendero mubhuku rakonzera kusatenderwa mumabuya epapa. Muna 1849, hurukuro dzakabudiswa kuti nhetembo yakaverengerwa mukoreji deít. Akadzidzisa Russian, chiPolish, Czech nemabhuku eSerbi uye Serbia mune bundu nenhoroondo uye akawedzera kuMessianm mukuramba nemaonero ake.
Mabasa aAdamu Mitskevich aive nesimba rakakura paPolish tsika. Mumabhuku emazana emakore mazana maviri ezviuru - mazana emakore, makotesheni mazhinji anoonekwa uye zvinongedzo kumabasa ayo. Zvinyorwa zvemunyori zvakaumba hwaro hwedzorasi rezvinyorwa zvePoland theatre. Imwe yemamanda makuru ePolish cinema yakagadzirwa pane yebhuku raive iyo firimu engeya wilde "PAN Tadeus", shot muna 2000.
Hupenyu Hwako
Adhama Mitskevich's Biography yakabatana chaizvo nemabasa ezvematongerwo enyika. Hupenyu hwepedyo hwakagara uchienda kumashure, asi, sechinhu chero chipi zvacho chisingaiti, Mitskevich chaive chisiri mutorwa kumanzwiro. Kuve mudzidzi weyunivhesiti, akatya mukuda kekutanga. Mudetembi akasarudzwa akaberekerwa Maryla vhivha.
Musikana akaunza nhetembo kuratidzwa uye yekutanga manzwiro akaomarara, asi mufaro wavo hauna kufanirwa kuti zviitike. Baba Maryli vanoyamwa mwanasikana wepazasi kuenda kuTuttka metres, uye muchato wavo zvakaitika muna 1821. Pasinei nekurasikirwa, mudetembi akaramba achinzwa manzwiro ake. Iye aive museum yake kwenguva yakareba.
Muna 1834, Mitskevich akawana mhuri. Mukadzi wake akatanga kuve velin shimanovskaya, mukunda wevanoshanda-piyana, ayo akagadzirisa mudetembi, ari mu St. Petersburg. Vana vakaberekerwa mubatanidzwa.
Sezvo zviitiko zvemagariro zvakagara zvakakunda pakati pekusimudzira kwaAdamu, haana kuvaka basa, achitsvaga kupa mhuri. E-Kugadzira pepaGogical zviitiko, Mitskevich haina kukanganwa nezve kufona. Muna 1841, akafuridzirwa naAngeya Tomanyky, achisimudzira Messaana uye Dzidziso Dzisinganidzoke. Adhama akatanga kuudza vadzidzi veavo vanofarira dzidziso dzake, iro raakabvisa kubviswa pakudzidzisa, uye mune 1851st.
Mitskevich akatumira simba kune kuumbwa kwePolish Legion, achizivisa rusununguko rwevaItaly, uye aive pakati pevaparidzi vevabatsiri pepanhau "vaParbune vanhu". Mune capital capital muna 1852th, munyori akagamuchira chinzvimbo cheMibhurari panguva yeArsenal. Mushure memakore matatu, murume wake akafa. Kuchengeta vana vainetsekana baba pasi pane maitiro ezvematongerwo enyika. Akapihwa pfungwa pakuumbwa kweiyo itsva yePolish lebish.
Rufu
Muna 1855, Mitzkevich akaenda kuConstantinople, zvirongwa zvekupfira zvekuumbwa kwesangano idzva. Chinangwa chayo chaive kubatana kwechiFrench neBritish mukurwira vaRussia muhondo yereveri. Mudetembi akafuridzirwa nehurongwa hutsva. Nenzira iyo nzira yaakarwara neIll Kolera, iyo yaisimbisa senzira yekufa. Muviri waAdamu Mitskevich wakavigwa muParis. Muna 1890, zvasara zvakaendeswa kuKrakow, kwavakanunurwa muWawel Cathedral.Chokwadi chinonakidza kubva kuhupenyu hwetemberi, kusika uye chirongwa chechirongwa chakafuridzirwa kuti ugadzire mifananidzo yemunyori, tsvagiridzo uye kuongororwa kwemabasa. Mupiro kune uzivi uye kufamba kwemagariro kwenguva iyoyo kwakabviswa mushure mekufa kwemunyori. MuWarsaw, Krakow, poznan naParis vakaisa zvivakwa mukukudzwa kwake. MuBolish Library muParis Iko kune Museum yezvinhu zveMitemo, Yakatangwa neMwanakomana Wake muna 1903.
BHAIBHERI
- 1817 - "Missor, Prince Novogrudak"
- 1822 - 1 Nhetembo ",
- 1823 - 2 Nhetembo ",
- 1823 - "Diada"
- 1826 - "Sonnets"
- 1828 - "Konad Valllenrod"
- 1832 - "Bhuku raPurasing Vanhu Navana VaPolish"
- 1832 - Rufu rwaColonel "
- 1834 - pani tadeus