Biography
Vasilly Klyuchevsky - Vakagwinya Russian Russion, avo vaigara uye vakashanda pakutendeuka kweXix-XX mazana emakore. Biography yake muenzaniso muenzaniso wekusavimbika uye kushanda zvine chinangwa. Sumy inobuda kubva pasi uye pinda iyo denderedzwa renharaunda yakadzidza, akaita mupiro wakakosha kune sainzi.Pakati peVana veKnyuchevsky - Kusikwa kwe "kosi yeRussia nhoroondo" mune zvikamu zvishanu maanoisa dzidziso yeRussia sechinhu chekuvandudza kwenhoroondo. Basa resainzi remunyori wenhoroondo, mutsigiri wekuvhenekerwa auto, haana kupihwa padhuze neiyo Soviet nguva, chete muRussia yemazuva ano mabasa ake anoonekwa mukududzirwa kutsva.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Vasily Osiposvich Knyuchevsky akaberekwa musi waJanuary 16 (Ndira 28 nekuda kwemusha weVoskresenovka Penza uye ndiye ega kubva kuvana vatatu vemupristi weOsip Kuvsky.
Knyuchevsky akararama zvine mwero, kana kusataura - murombo. Uye apo zvisina makore masere, mhuri uye pakanga paine ruzhinji ruchikuvhuvhuta - zvinofema zvinofa. Akadzokera kumba achibva kumusika weguta uye akapinda mumutinhiro akasimba: Mabhiza akakanda ngoro, murume akarasikirwa nekuziva uye nekucheka mvura inoyerera. Vakasarudzika vakatanga kuwana mutumbi waBaba uye kubva pakuvhunduka kwenguva refu akave bara.
Kusara pasina mutengi, Knyuchevsky akatamira kuPenza, kwavakapinda pakugadzirisa kwePenza Diocese. Dzimwe shamwari dzaBaba dzakavasiya imba diki, nherera nechirikadzi dzakagadziriswa. Vasiri vekare vakatanga kudzidza muchikoro chomudzimu. Asi nekuda kwekutsauka, zvinhu zvekudzidziswa hazvigone kukunda, izvo zvakashata zvakatyisidzira kubvisa kubatana.
Vanoshuva amai vakarerutsa kuti mumwe mudzidzi ashande nemwanakomana wake. Uye kunyangwe achiri kuyaruka akashanda kwenguva yakareba uye kuomesa musoro, mhedzisiro yacho yakanga yakafanana nechishamiso. Mudiki Knyuchevsky haana kungokurisa chete stuttering, asi zvakare akazova mutauri akanaka. Apedza kudzidza chikoro ichi, muna 1856 akapinda seminari yemweya. Aifanira kuve mupristi nekuti aive ari pazvinhu zveDiocese.
Zvisinei, mugore rekupedzisira, Seminari anoita ushingi chiitiko - Chati Charts Nekuda kwe "hutano hwakashata." Muchokwadi, vakasarudza zvisizvo kuti vapinde Moscow University, uyo mudzidzi wake anova, akakunda zvipingamupinyi zvese, muna 1861. Iye mukomana akasarudza nhoroondo yezvezvakaitika zvePhilology.
Nhoroondo
Hupenyu hwekupaza reMutoro weManila uye akatya mudzidzi wezvematunhu panguva imwe chete. Akayedza kubatirira padivi pematare ezvematongerwo enyika, mikana uye vamwe vadzidzi ". Knyuchevsky akashanda semutungamiriri kuti afake nehanzvadzi uye amai. Muna 1864-1865, murume wacho akapedza zvidzidzo zvake kuyunivhesiti. Basa rake remumiriri raive zita re "ngano yevatorwa pamusoro penyika yeMoscow" uye akawana kuongororwa kwakanyanya. Mumwe akapedza kudzidza akagamuchira menduru yegoridhe yakasiyiwa muchidzitiro paDhipatimendi rekugadzirira purofire.
Tenzi's Thisis klysuchevsky akazvitsaurira iyo isingashamisi uye inonakidza dingindira "Hupenyu hwekare hweRussia hwevasande sevatsime nhoroondo." Nhoroondo yakashanda pakubata kwemakore mashanu, akadzidza anenge chiuru hupenyu, akaitwa nevashanu vesainzi. Mushure mekudzivirirwa zvine hungwaru muna 1871 akagamuchira kodzero yekudzidzisa mumayunivhesiti.
Nzvimbo yekutanga yebasa revanyori vechidiki yaive chikoro chemauto eAlexander, maakadzidzisa nzira yeiyo nhoroondo itsva, kutsiva mudzidzisi wake wekurudyi weSergei Solovyov.
Mukufanana, anoverenga hurukuro kuDhipatimendi reNhoroondo muiyo Moscow dzidziso yezvouMwari uye paMakosi eChikoro chepamusoro, kubva 1879 - kuMoscow University. Oratoric tent tarent kyuchevsky makore ebasa rebasa anongova Mutungamiriri: hurukuro dzaanoverenga nekushingairira kwakadaro, rinounganidza vadzidzi hova, ivo vanomira mumutsara. Nhoroondo inotungamira mienzaniso isingatarisirwi, inopokana nemaonero emaonero, iyo fillet ine makotesheni uye aphorisms, mupenyu uye anopindura zvakajeka mibvunzo.
Mukutaura kwake, mudzidzisi akaronga mabara ese enzvimbo dzezvakaitika kare, kusanganisira mifananidzo yemadzishe eRussia. Semuenzaniso, zvirevo zvake zvine mutsindo nezveMashress Elizabeth Petrrovna naCatherine OI, apo munyori wenhoroondo zvisingazivikanwe kuti "zvakabva kuna Peter, zvishamiso zvizhinji, zvakawanda zvinofamba pachigaro cheRusuol." Kutaura zvazviri, Klyuchevsky akatanga akatanga kutaura nezvemumiriri wechikepe cheRussia sevanhuwo zvavo vasiri vatauri vasina kusimba kwevanhu.
Muna 1882, Vasirily Osipovich Dismelday Rekuratidzira "Vakomana veVanoyeti Duma vekare Russia" ndokuva purofesa wezvinyorwa zvina zvedzidzo. Zvekuita uye mukurumbira weiyo purofesa wechidiki haana kufuratirwa kubva kune vekutanga veHurumende.
Mukupera kwa 1890s, nhamba yehuwandu hwezvakaitika kare dzakanyorwa: "Russian rubl of the Xvi-Xviii mazana emakore. Mukuremekedza kwake kuZviripo "(1884)," Kwakatangira Serfdhoma muRussia "(1885)," Evgeny), "Evengei humwe uye madzitateguru ake" (1887) nevamwe.
Kubva 1893 kusvika 1895, Klyuchevsky akadzidzisa nhoroondo yeMwanakomana waEmperor Alexander III - muchinda mukuru George AlexandRovich. Muchimiro ichi, aive nenzvimbo yemunhu wamambo, aive pedyo nemhuri yehumambo, aive munharaunda yavo. Pasinei nebasa, inoenderera mberi nebasa rekutsvagisa, inoburitsa "mvumo pfupi yenhoroondo itsva", chinyorwa chechitatu che "mukomana we" Boyar Duma yekare Russia ".
Muna 1900, purofesa uyo anga atoshanyira chimiro cheDhani wezvakaitika kare nePhilology Fakita reMoscow, iyo Mutestamende yeYunivhesiti yeRussia, pamwe neyekare, akasarudzwawo kune Imperial tsika yesainzi.
Kutanga kwezana ramakore okurova kwakaratidza kuburitswa kwebasa rakakura reCuevsky "kosi yeRussia nhoroondo" muzvikamu zvishanu. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti iri ibasa rehupenyu hwake: kugadzirira kwebhuku kwakafamba kupfuura makore makumi matatu.
Mariri, purofesa anovandudza dzidziso yechina nhoroondo: Dniprovskaya rus (The Hwaro hwehupfumi - Tradeoolzhskaya rus (iyo Simba reHurumende yapfuura Imperial russia (iyo inotakura estate - inokudzwa, kukura kwehupfumi hwekugadzira).
Muna 1906, Knyuchevsky anosiya chikoro chemweya, maaishanda kwemakore makumi matatu nemasere, kunyangwe vairatidzira vadzidzi. Zvino mudzidzisi anoverenga hurukuro dzezvipenyu dzeMoscow rekupenda, rinotyisa nekuvaka, uko vateereri vake vaive vateereri vake vane tarenda nhumbi uye maartist.
Vasily Osiposvich akasara asiri kunze kwebhaibheri chete, asi zvakare chizvarwa chose chevadzidzi vanoshamisa vaive vesayenzi renhoroondo. Pakati pavo, Pavel Milyuv, Matvey LuBavsky, Alexander Kizhevetter, Mikhail Bogoslovsky, Sergey Bakhrushin.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukupera kwema 1860s, zvisina kunaka, atova mudzidzisi muchikoro chemauto, anoita nhanho dzekutanga muhupenyu hwake, anotanga kutarisira Anna Borodina - hanzvadzi yakura yemudzidzi wavo. Asi Anna akaramba madziro emunyori wenhoroondo, achida kuzvipira kumutsun'una.
Tisingatarisirwi, Iyo Klyuchevsky kune vese muna 1869 akaroora Ana akaroora Ana - Anna, uyo panguva iyoyo akafungidzirwa kuti "akakurira vasikana." Iye panguva iyoyo aivana makumi matatu nematatu, uye akange aine makore matatu kupfuura chikomba, asi haana kunyara naKuluchevsky.
Verengi vanorondedzera musayendisiti ari kure nemapurisa ekunaka nemurume, anomutsidzira kwaari kutaridzika kwengarava: kumeso kusingaiti, ndebvu isingawanzo, chidiki chidiki chechiso. Asi zvakange zvakakodzera kuti murume asungane nzwisiso, sezvo Charisma yake inoshamisa inoratidzwa.
Biographers Knyuchevsky inotaura kuti vakaroora vakatakura unyoro mushure mehupenyu hwese kune mumwe nemumwe. Asi Anice haana kuva pedyo nemweya wemweya nekuda kwemweya Osipovich. Asi nehanzvadzi yake - Ana netariro - Knyuchevsky akatsigira tsamba yekuvimbika.
Asi Anice Mikhailovna akatarisira hupenyu, imba nehupfumi, nekuti pazvinhu izvi, semasayendisiti mazhinji, murume wake wake aive asingabatsiri zvachose. Vaviri vakaroora vakarera mwanakomana chete waBoris, akapedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti uye akabatsira baba vake muchiitiko chake chesainzi, kunyangwe iye asina kushuvira kwakakosha.
Zvakare, munyengeri wake Erizabheti Kornev akakurira pane kodzero dzemwanasikana wemunhu womubaye wePurofesa mumhuri. Musikana ari muna 1906 akaroora uye akafa kubva kuChakhotka. Mushure memakore matatu, Anice Mikhalovna akafa - mukadzi akafa kamwe kamwe panguva yechikepe kutembere.
Rufu
Kune iyo klyuchevsky, kufa kwemukadzi wake kwakava nekurohwa, shure kwaizvozvo haana kupora. Masayendisiti akasarudzika uye mudzidzisi akafa musi waMay 12 (Chivabvu 25, muchimiro chitsva) wa 1911 muMoscow nekuda kwechirwere chakarwiswa. Vasily Osipos's Greave iri pamakuva eiyo don monastery.
Mukurangarira kwenhoroondo yeRussia muna1991, imba yake-Museum muPenza yakavhurwa. Kufumurwa kwacho kuri muchivakwa chechirangaridzo kwaigara kuchiziva. Mugore rimwe chetero, bhasitu uye danda reChirangaridzo rakavhurwa mumusha wake weVaskremesenovka. Musi waGumiguru 11, 2008, chifananidzo kuna Vasilia Kuznetsova yakagadzwa muPenza.
Quotes
"Kuva vavakidzani hazvireve kuve pedyo." "Kufara kunoreva kusada kuwana chero chinhu." "Kujeka hakusi kwekunyepedzera zvachose, asi tsika yakaipa chete yekufunga zvinonzwika." "Axioma ndicho chokwadi icho ufakazi hwanga husina kukwana. "BHAIBHERI
- 1866 - "Kuderera kweVatorwa Nezve Nyika yeMoscow"
- 1871 - "Hupenyu hwekare hweRussia hwevatsvene"
- 1872 - "Pskov kukakavara"
- 1878 - "Ngaru rezvishamiso zveHoriyimu Iro Izwi raMai vaMwari"
- 1880 - "Vakomana veVanakomana vekare Russia"
- 1885 - "Kwakatangira Serfdhoma muRussia"
- 1887 - "Evgeny ana madzitateguru ake"
- 1890 - "Kuumbwa kweMumiriri paZemstvo Cathedrals yeRussia Yekare"
- 1904-1922 - "Round Russian Nhoroondo"