Nhoroondo Yemunhu
Bertolt Brecht ndiyo yakasarudzika kutamba kwezana ramakore rechi20. Akanyora anoshanda akazvimirira, ayo akazotumirwa nemhirizhonga pane zvekutakura nhanho. Dzidzira uye Theorist, brecht yakagadzira pfungwa, iyo nzvimbo yeiyo yaive Epic theatre. Zvinoenderana nekutamba, mutariri anofanira kuparadzirwa, uye kwete kuona, kukwezva, kukwezva pfungwa, uye kwete kumanzwiro evanhu. Ichi chivimbiso chakaratidzwa mumitambo yakave yakasarudzika yenyika
Director Brechtu ndeyako zano re "Mhedzisiro yekuchinjana", inosanganisira kusikwa kwemadziro pakati pemutariri uye mutambi, iyo iri munzira yekuita inova hunhu. Iye munyori weiyo dzidziso yakakurudzirwa kuendesa mhando dzeruzhinji dzavaridzi uye tsanangura zviitiko zvisingafungidziridzi, zvinosimbisa zvisina basa, kutaridzika kwenzvimbo yake uye kugona kwekuongorora kwekuongorora. Akasiyanisa tsitsi iyi yekare, kubuda kweiyo kune uyo anoona, maererano neClassics, ndiyo chinangwa chikuru chekuratidza maitiro. Iri bhuku "dzidziso yeEpic theatre" inotsanangura pfungwa dzeBercht pane izvi.
Nhoroondo Yezvisikwa
Kutamba "Mamash ushingi nevana vake" kwakanyorwa naBrecht muna 1939, pachikumbaridzo cheHondo Yenyika II. Iyo yekutanga yekutamba yakaitika muna 1941 muZurich. Ipapo chirevo chakarongwa nemunyori wehunyanzvi hwekunyora pachikamu che "Berliner yeiyo quemble" yakagadzirwa naye. Nheyo dzepamutemo yemitambo, yakaziviswa seimwe nzira kune vechikamu, vakadzidziswa mukuita. Reformer uye Revolutionary, brecht akaziva mhizha yemitambo senzira yekuumbwa kwekuziva kirasi.
Kutamba "Mamash Ushingi" kwakarondedzera zviitiko zvenguva yehondo makore makumi matatu, izvo zvakaitika muzana ramakore rechi 17. Iyo playwrig yaishandisa zviitiko zvakakurumbira kuti ugadzire chirongwa chekunyevera vanoona kubva kudzokororwa kwemadzinza eropa. Kufunga kuti kunyarara nekuvimbika pamusoro pehurongwa hwesimba remazuva ano ndiyo "zvidiki" "zvishoma", kurudzira kukanganwa nezve kusakendenga kumisa njodzi dzemagariro.
Chiso chikuru chaicho chekutamba chaive mukadzi anonzi Anna fird. Mota yemuchengeti yaive Nicknamised mama mama ushingi uye akafamba nenzira dzehondo muVeni, izere nezvinhu zvakakosha. Iyo boka rakaitwa nevana: vanakomana vaviri uye mwanasikana mbeveve. Brecht akapa mufananidzo wechikadzi munzvimbo isingatarisirwi. Anna akaita munhu akapfuma achiedza kubatsirwa munguva yehondo. Kwaari, kutambudzika kwevanhu, nzara nehurombo hazvina kukosha. Zvese zvaairara nemukana wekuratidza.
Urongwa hwemutamba hunobata makore mazhinji gumi nemana, panguva iyo hupenyu hwehunhu hukuru hwakachinja zvisingachinjiki. Hondo yakatora vana, akawa, yakachinjirwa kunze, asi haina kurasikirwa nechido chavo chekare. Anokudza hondo yekumupa chimedu chechingwa, Milf ushingi pasina chero rubatsiro runopfuudza main nezvinhu.
Brecht yakambotarisa kune yakakwana yekudzidza yemufananidzo weiyo hombe heroine. VAKURU VAKEHUMIRI VAKABUDA NEVEHERNIF uye mufaro wehupenyu harienderane neyekutengesa vein, kunyanya nenzira inoshamisa kutarisa munguva yehondo. Hunhu hukuru hwakakurukurwa nezvakatsoropodzwa uye vanyori venhoroondo dzezvakaitika kare sechiitiko chitsva mumabhuku eGerman nemutambo weGerman. Kuburikidza nehunhu uhwu, brecht aida kuburitsa kune vateereri pfungwa yekunzwisisa, ichisiya rumbidzo yeiyo gamba mumaoko ake.
Vatsoropodzi vachisheedzera mutambi wekutamba nekugadzira mufananidzo unovakira pane zvisingaiti pane zvinhu zvisina tariro. Kuedza kupona pakurasikirwa kwehondo, Amai Kuraz anounza chibayiro chake chevana.
"Momash Ushingi nevana Vake" - ibasa rave riri muenzaniso wezvakanyorwa zvemazuva ano dramaturgy. Kazhinji zvinoiswa nevatungamiriri vanokurudzira respolution marongero, vasingatyi kupikisa veruzhinji uye maratidziro emitambo. Iye anonyanya kuzivikanwa anoita basa guru rekuita zviitiko zvekushandisa pane Elena Waygel, mukadzi waBerolt Brecht. Kutamba kwacho kwaive kwekuda kuRussia munguva yepashure-yehondo uye kazhinji kwakaoneka mumitambo yemitambo yemitambo mumatareji enguva dzinobva kudaro.
Kekutanga muMoscow, Nikolai Okhlopkov, uyo akashanda kuMoscow Theatre Theatre anonzi EyaMaakovsky akasarudzwa kuti aite pabasa reBrecht. Muna 1960, yekutanga yekutamba kwakaitika, basa guru raiitwa naJudith glizer. Kuita kwacho kwakanzi coarse uye kushungurudzika, izvo zvakawirirana nehetembo dzemabasa eGerman achitamba.
Mazhinji emitambo iri pamitambo iyi haina kuzadzwa nemweya wakaverengeka kumunyori. Vakanga vane Zvakazarurwa zvishoma, kufona uye kushorwa. Basa raive iro raive basa raMark Zakhararov muTheatre Theatre yeSatira, uko Tatiana peltzer akataura mumufananidzo weMamashi.
Vatungamiriri vemazuva ano vanowanzo kutendeukira kubasa reBrecht. Pakati pevanokumusoro vanogadzira vaivamo pakutamba kwemutamba, izvo zvakava muenzaniso wakajeka weiyo Epic Theatre yeBrocht: Alexander Morphov, Yuri Butusov and Valery Fokin.
Zano
Kuita kwacho mubato kunoitika mukati mehondo ine makore makumi matatu nematatu, panguva iyo Germany yakatambura nguva yakareba yekunyadzisa, yakatungamira kugwadanda renyika. Muna 1642, uto rakaunganidzwa, rakatumirwa nekurwiswa kwePoland. Vabati vanoshevedza vane munyori anozivisa munyori munyori anomiririra vateereri mavara makuru. Amai ushingi, pamwe chete nevana, vanotsauka mumigwagwa, vachitengesa skarb yakapusa. Mumwe wevanhu vatsva vaunoziva vanomboseidza Mwanakomana kuti vabatane neuto, uye murume anonzi Eilif anosiya van yeMakaattika.
Kusangana nemurume nemhuri irikuitika makore maviri gare gare. Mwanakomana Momashahi akashinga uye anodada nemauto emauto, ayo aiperekedzwa neropa uye hutsinye. Makore matatu gare gare, mwanakomana wechipiri weMamashi akashinga anova mutariri wefuma muchitendero cheFinland, uye akawana basa rakanaka naye. Mune rimwe rekurwiswa kwevaKaturike, vachiuya pasi, uko kufambira mberi kwakamiririra, ushingi hwaLutheran hunoitika kuva muVana vake, vachidzivirira pfuti yegonyemba kubva kumuvengi.
Mwanakomana wake wechipiri waSchwearterskas anotora vaKatorike. Kuponesa mwana, ushingi hwakagadzirira kubayira kuurayiwa kwekuremekedzwa, asi iye anorasikirwa nezvokuuraya: Murwi akakanda murukova, paakaona kutanga kwekutanga. Swiss chitunha chinoitwa, uye kushinga kunotumirwa zvakare kumativi muEurope. Mushure memakore akati wandei, mambo wechiSweden akaurayiwa pasi pe lutzen, uye kwenguva yakati releni rakatongwa. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti zvinhu zvakaenda kuderera, ushingi hunofara kuti haana kurasikirwa nevamwe vana.
Nyika inounza mhuri yake yemhuri kuti isadarika muhondo. Kusazvibata kwekare kweMwanakomana waErifa mumazuva akanaka kwainzi mhaka, uye feat of feat feat yakawedzera kupfura. Hondo inotanga zvakare. Ushingi, mukusaziva kwekufa kwemwanakomana wechipiri, unoenderera mberi rwendo rurwendo rwekare van.
Pashure pemakore 16, hondo yapera simba rese remari uye dzevanhu. Ushingi uye ubike, yake Satellite, njiva. Pakarepo vamwene veMamashi ushingi hunouya tsamba yekuti aive nenhaka diki muchimiro cheresitorendi. Gamba rinodaidza mukadzi, asi nemamiriro ezvinhu aachasiya mwanasikana. Ushingi hunoramba uye pamwe chete nemwanasikana wake Katrin anofamba muchiGermany muchiuto chemauto. Pane imwe yematunhu eCatherine, achinyaradza chirongwa chevavengi, zvinomutsa zvisina hanya zvekutya, uye zvinourayiwa. Amai ushingi hwatanga zvakare munzira.