Biography
Charles De Gaulle, mutungamiri wekufamba achipesana, aifarira zviitiko zvehondo muhudiki, muhudiki hwake, mwero wake akaumbwa, akadzidzisa hunyanzvi hwemazano, akarota kuve munhandare yehondo. Munzira dzakawanda, nekuda kwake kuoneka uye hunyanzvi hwekufunda muvengi, France akasunungurwa kubva mukudzvinyirira kweNazi Germany muna 1944. Iye zvino de Gaulle imhando huru yenhoroondo yakamira mumutsara mumwechete neNapoleon I.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Charles Andre Joseph Marie de Gaulle akaberekwa munaNovember 22, 1890 muLifle Lille. Chetatu chevana vashanu mapurovhesi ezvinyorwa uye nhoroondo yaHenri de Gaulle naZhanna (muVajo makuru), vakunda vevapambi vakapfuma.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoHama nhatu dzaBaba nehanzvadzi dzaive dzakabatanidzwa mukuumbwa kwehama nehama nehanzvadzi: Akataura nezvenhoroondo yeFrance, akakurudzira kufarira kwevana kune makirasi ehunyanzvi uye eloquence. Amai vanonzwisisika, avo vakaudza mahombekombe akaomeswa panguva yekuzvipira kweFrance pamberi pevaGerman mune Sedan muna 1870, akasundira charles kudzidza kwehondo yehondo.
Patova na10, Charles akadzidza mabhuku akura: Nhoroondo yekare, mabasa eVazivi Henri Bergson, Fredrich Nietzsche, Immanuel Kant, Plato. Charles charles akarega kutsiva kuGermany kwe1870. Pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu, mukomana akanyora nyaya "General de Gaulle," achizvizivisa nomutongi wemauto eFrance anoenda kukunda.
Basa reMauto
Kuita kwakanaka muCollège Stanislas muParis kwakapihwa degale nzvimbo muchikoro chakakosha chemauto echikoro-changamire muna 1909. Zvinonzi jaya rakamhan'arira kubasa remunyori kana wenhoroondo, asi vakasarudza imwe nzira yekufadza Baba. Gare gare mune "memoirs memoirs" de Gaulle akanyora:
"Kupinda muhondo yeuto ndiko chiitiko chikuru kwazvo muzvakakura."Iyo jaya rakabatanidzwa mumutungamiriri wenguva makumi matatu nematatu ehondo yeFrance - chikamu chakatora chikamu muhondo pasi peBorodino, Austerlitz, Vusterlitz Hondo. Akaraira Firippe peten, uyo akazova musicor de Gaulle kwemakore gumi nemashanu anotevera.
MunaAugust 1914, hondo yekutanga yenyika yakauya kuFrance. Iyo nhau dzegumi nenhamba dzakakandwa nehungwaru muguta reBelgian reDynan. Mazuva matatu mushure mekupinda muhondo nevaGerman de gaule yakakuvadzwa mubvi rake. Kwechipiri, bullet yakawira kuruboshwe. Chokwadi chinonakidza: Ropa racho rakatapukirwa, ruoko rwacho rwakatapukirwa, saka Charles hupenyu hwake hwese hwakamanikidzwa kupfeka chindori chemuchato kurudyi rwake.
Munguva yekukuvara kwechitatu, de Gaulle Akarasika kuziva uye akabata maGerman kwemwedzi makumi matatu nemwedzi. Akaedza kumhanya ka1: akavanzika mudumbu rekuwachira, achichera mugero mumadziro, akazvipa mukoti. Iye murume akabatwa achiora mwoyo panguva yekufunga kuti hondo inoenda pasina kutora chikamu chake. Kukunda kwaGaulle kwasangana kunyange kuutapwa, uye muna Zvita 1, 1918 akadzokera kumba.
Pashure pehondo yekutanga yenyika, De Gaulle akaraira iyo yePolish Infantry muhondo neRussia muna1919-1921, akaverenga hurukuro pamazano, akanyora mabasa ehondo. Kubva munaSeptember 1927, akagadzwa mutungamiriri wechiitiko chegumi nematanhatu emucheche wechiuto hweFrance.
Charles akatenda kuti unogona kuzadzisa kukunda nerubatsiro rwematangi uye nekukurumidza maouvers. Muna 1934, murume akaburitswa "kukwikwidza kuuto" ("vers l armée de métier"), maari akataura shanduko yekuchengeterwa mucheche. De Gaulle akataura kuti aigona kuhwina nehondo ine zviuru zana zvemuchadenga uye zviuru zvitatu matangi. PaIye yehondo yenyika yechipiri, iye wechiFrench akagadza mukuru wemauto e80 "mapapu" ematangi, aakadana "guruva".
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoNyeredzi yeawa yakauya kuna De yakapa muna 1940. Musi waMay 10, Germany yakazivisa kuEurope kuEurope kuEurope, muna Chivabvu 15 yakapararira muSedan. Chikamu cheCharles chaive chekukunda nguva. Musi waMay 17, mutungamiriri akarasikirwa nemabhiza makumi mapfumbamwe ematangi makumi mapfumbamwe, kwezuva rinotevera simba rayo rakasvika zana nemashanu ematanho ehunyanzvi. Kurwa kunotyisa de gaule kumanikidza maGerman kwenguva yakareba kuti udzokere mu comono. Chivabvu 23 nekuda kwesimba raCharles rakatumidzwa zita racho.
Hurumende yeFrance haina kuda hondo. Pamwe chete neWinston Churchill, Mutungamiriri weGreath Minister weGreat Britain, zviremera zveRepublic zvakaitwa nechero neGermany. Usade kutambanudza ruoko rwako kuvavengi, musi waJune 18, 1940 de Gaulle Coulle County radio inonzi vanhu veFrance kuti vagadzire kufamba kwekupokana. June 22, France neGerman vakasaina traki.
Zviitiko Zvematongerwo enyika
MuFrance, mamiriro eVichy akagadzwa, mune mamwe mazwi - basa. Winston Churchill akanzwisisa kuti mumwe munhu akagwinya anogona kutyora rin'i sedo degale. Pana June 24, Mutungamiri weBritain mukuru anobvuma De Gaulle "Musoro weFrench Wese French uye unorayirwa kuti amupe nenzira yakachengeteka yekupinda muFrance.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoChaizvoizvo gore gare gare, pana June 22, 1941, de Gaulle Yakagadziridzwa Kunosangana naJoseph Stalin, Generalissimus yeUSSR. Akatsigira muFrench "kubva kumhepo": The Union de Gaulole uye Stalin akatungamira kuchisikwa cheiyo legendary squadron "Normandy-Norman". Ndege idzi dzakatamba zvakakosha mukurwisa neiyo hitler coalition.
Muna 1944, de Gaulle akasangana muHero rakasunungurwa neParis: Akaverengerwa kusunungurwa kweFrance kubva kubasa. MunaAugust wegore rimwe chetero, Charles akananga hurumende yenguva pfupi.
Nyika yakakanganiswa nehondo inoda kudzoreredzwa kweiyo nyika system. Pamberi peichi kujaira, de Ndira wakatyoka: Musi waJanule 20, 1945 Akasiya chinzvimbo chehurumende yepakati nekuda kwekupokana kweiyo France yeFrance, uye vazhinji vezvematongerwo enyika vakatsigira Kudzora kweParamende pamusoro pehurumende.
Charles akazivisa Hondo kuRepublic Yechina Republic (France ye19995958 nguva), ichizvifonera iyo chete inogoneka inonyorera yekuwana manejimendi. Elite yezvematongerwo enyika haana kunzwa kuchikumbiro chake, uye ipapo de Gaulle akaenda makore mashanu kuti agare muKolomba-Le-Dzoz-Egliz, akawandisa french.
Pano, iwo mauguru akanyora "memoirs emauto" mumavhoriyamu matatu: "Dana", "kubatana", "ruponeso". Akafungisisa nezvehondo, akazviratidza pachavo pakunyika, akati kuFrance kunofanirwa kunge kuri mumaoko ezvaizoenda kuhukuru, "zvimwe angave mungozi inofa."
Dambudziko reMukati De Gaulle rinopera dambudziko muFrance. Hondo yeAlgeri, hurombo uye kushayikwa kwakatungamira iyo Republic pamucheto, uye pakupedzisira hutungamiri hwakatendeukira kuDuaulle nechinodiwa 'uye kuputsa kunyarara "uye kuumba" hurumende yekuvimba neruzhinji ". Wezvematongerwo enyika akataura paradio aine zvivimbiso zvekuti "akagadzirira kutora masimba ese eRepublic." Musi waJune 1, 1958, de Gaulle rakaziviswa neChigwo Sachigaro weDare revashumiri.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoPanguva ino, vatungamiriri veFrance vakagamuchira zvirevo zvese zveGaulle pamusoro penzvimbo yakaoma. Akatonga kuti masimba ekutarisira nyika yacho anofanira kunge ari mumaoko emutungamiri, anogadza vashumiri uye kupfuura zvese ndiye Mutungamiriri. Iyo posulates yakaumbwa nheyo yebumbiro, zvichienderana neye France hupenyu ikozvino. Iko kugamuchirwa kwegwaro rezvinyorwa muna 1958 kunopihwa kuumbwa kweChishanu Republic pasi pehutungamiri hwe de Gaulle.
Basa re de Gaulle rakatungamirwa, kutanga pane zvese, pane imwe nzira yekune dzimwe nyika. Muna 1960, akapedza kudzidza kuVietnam naCambodia, muna 1962, Algeria uye nzvimbo dzegumi dzegumi dzeAfrica. Munyika idzi, vagari vemo vaida France vakasara, saka ne "Budding" enzvimbo dzinoshamwaridzana dzaDaaulle dzakapa rutsigiro rwenyika.
Muna 1965, France akabuda muNATO, akaramba kushandisa dhora mukuverenga nyika. Yenyika, iyo mari yemuchinjiko yaive iyo goridhe mwero. Shanduko dzakaitika mune yemukati mutemo weChishanu Republic. De Gaulle rakaudzwa kusikwa kweimwe chombo chakasiyana chenyukireya, nekuti ivo vanofanirwa kuve nesimba repasi rese. Miedzo yechinhu chine ngozi yakadzikama chete nekuuya kweFrancois Mitterian muna 1981.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoMuna 1965, iyo yegore rechishanu yebhodhi de Gaulle yakati yasvika kumagumo. Vimba nemano ake, vezvematongerwo enyika vakasimbirira kusuma sarudzo dzakananga, ndiko kuti, nekuvhota kwakakurumbira. Kutama kwaive nengozi:
Mupunga wezvombo, izvo zvisina kudiwa nevanhu vari nyore, kubviswa kwakazara kwemapurazi emapuranga, monopoly paterevhizheni neredhiyo, zvakakonzera kudonha kwakapinza muDeal of de Gaulle. Zvematongerwo enyika akadaidzwa "kubhururuka neudzvinyiriri nemarobhoti." Iyo yekugara ichiripo yekuedza pane de Gaulle yakawedzera. Nenzira, hupenyu hwake hwaive panjodzi nhamba yekare yenguva - 32.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoMusi waMay 2, 1968, vadzidzi vakasiya basa remuMutungamiriri. Kupanduka kunodiwa nekuvhura chimiro cheSocial of the National of the University of Paris, iyo yakavharwa mushure mekusanganisira zvimwe zvinoshandiswa pamusoro pesimba, kushandurwa kuita zvekupanduka kwenyika. Mamiriyoni gumi vanhu vakaenda kumigwagwa. Kuti uchengetedze nyika kubva kuhondo yevagari, mutungamiri wenyika, mutungamiri wenyika akafunga kuipa "masimba akajeka" e "kuisirwa" kweFrance, asi izvo zvisina kutsanangurwa. Iyo yekupa yakanzwisiswa mumabhawa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Musi waApril 6, 1921, ivonna wandru vakava mukadzi wake Daaulle. Hupenyu hwavo hwega hwega hwega hwega hwakagara hafu yezana remakore, kusvika parufu rwaDefa muma1970s.Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoMusi waZvita 28, 1921, mwanakomana waPhilip akaberekerwa muUncion, mutumendeshi wainzi Philip Petip. Musi waMay 15, 1924, mwanasikana waErizabheti akaoneka pasi, uye mu198th anna, akatambura kubva pasi syndrome. Musikana akararama kwamakore makumi maviri. Chirwere chake chakagadzirwa de Gaulle pashure pese chave trusti yetatu hwaro hwakaitwa nesirlome.
Kusiya basa uye kufa
De Gaulle "ndiko kurongana kweSeneti mumuviri wehupfumi uye hwemagariro, hunoshanda kuitira kubatsira vevabati vevabati uye vabati vevatengesi. Yakafungidzirwa kuti izvi zvichakunda kushaya basa. Mushure mekushandurwa pane referendamu, de Gaulle Vandikoka kuti kana zano racho raizotsigirwa, aigona kusiya. Musi waApril 28, 1969, De Gaulle, takadzidza mhedzisiro, teedzera mutungamiri wenyika yemunyika kubva kuColombe:
"Ini ndinomira kuzadzisa mabasa eMutungamiri weRepublic. Ichi chisarudzo chinouya musimbiso nhasi masikati. "
Hupenyu hwematongerwo enyika hwachinja kusvika pakuzorora nemukadzi wake Ivon nemwanasikana wake Erizabheti muIreland neSpain. De Gaulle rakanyora "Memoirs yetariro", iyo isina nguva yekupedza, yakasvika chete kusvika 1962.
Mbudzi 9, 1970, kwete isingasviki mwedzi, pasina kupfuurira kusvika kune iyo 80th Annivers, Charles de Gaulole akafa. Chikonzero cherufu chaive chipi cheAorta. Musi waNovember 12, murume uyu akavigwa mumakuva emusha muColomBe ari padyo nemwanasikana waAnna. Kutonga nemufananidzo weguva, gare gare gare rekugara kwenguva refu rakakamurwa uye denna. CATAFALK AT Charles yaive chaiyo eccentric - yakarongedzwa munhu ane shongwe yakashambadzirwa.
Ndangariro
Mumakore achangopfuura, De Gaulle aive asiri iwo mufananidzo wakakurumbira, asi pakurangarira iye muFrance, kechipiri munhoroondo (mushure meNapoleon I) akazivisa kuchema. Kuudza rufu rwemutungamiriri weBex President, mutsivi wake Georges Pompidu akati:
"General de Gauler, France Chirikadzi."
Izita de Gaulle rinotumidzwa zita renhandare muAirport muParis, iyo nharaunda iyo iyo iyo kukunda kunoiswa, iyo atiomic ndege yekutakura. Padivi kuminda yeElysee muna 2000 chigadziko chakaonekwa. Nenzira, iyo yechipiri chivakwa chinomira muMoscow pamberi pehotera "Cosmos", uye nzvimbo inonzi Charles de Gaulle.
Mubairo
- Legion yekukudzwa
- Kurongeka kwenyika "zvekukodzera"
- Kurongeka kwekusunungurwa
- Kurongeka kweiyo nhema nyeredzi
- Royal Office Cambodia.
- Imperial kurongeka kweDragon Annama
- Kurongeka kweanzhan nyeredzi
- Order "yekukodzera kuFederal Republic yeGermany"
- Kuraira "zvekukodzera kuItaly Republic"
- Royal Victorian Order
- Kurongeka kwerandhezi yePoland.
- Kurongeka kweiyo chena rose reFinland
- Kurongeka kwemamiriyoni nzou uye chena amburera
- Kurongeka kweMuponesi