Biography
Anton Rubhinstein mupiano akakurumbira, mutungamiriri uye mutungamiriri, akave akakurumbira mutsika yeRussia seMukuru weSt. Mupfambi waPeter Ilyich Tchaikovsky. Kuitwa kwevirtuoso kuitwa kwakatevedzana kwe7 piano consort yezana ramakore reAxix yakawana kuzivikanwa kwepasi rose uye kuunza vateereri vane nhoroondo yemumazana emumhanzi. Tarenda remunyori vakazviratidza mumazana emabasa, pakati pavo pakati peiyo opera "dhimoni" rakakurumbira, iro vhiniga "uye vanotsigira" Sullet "sullet"Hudu uye Vechidiki
Biography yeAnton Grigorivich Rubhinstein yakatanga musi waNovember 28, 1829 mumusha madiki eTransnistrian, raibhurari yeBaltsky County yePodolsk Province. Vabereki, vaJudha neNyika, vakabva kubhangi rekurudyi reUkraine uye Prussian Silesia. Muna 1833, nhengo dzese dzezita Rubhinstein rakanyorwa naBaba Verary Romanvory Romantophorc Comptoport uye vakawana kodzero yekuenda kuMoscow uye vhura yavo bhizinesi.
Pamusoro peAnton, mhuri yaive nevamwe vana vakakurumbira muminda dzakasiyana yesainzi uye tsika. Mukoma wavo wechikuru wePiov akava chiremba, uye hanzvadzi dzinoda uye sofia dzakawana mukurumbira wemudzidzisi wemimhanzi uye muimbi wemhuri. Nikolai Rubinstein's Mwana mudiki wechidiki akazvitsaurira hupenyu kune art uye mushure mekunge mukoma wake muna 1866 vakaverengerwa musi wechipiri Russian muMoscow uye vakashanda ikoko kusvika parufu.
Sezvo anga aronga hupenyu mune imba ine simba paOrdyanka, baba vake vakatora nyaya pabhesi fekituru, uye pamapfudzi aamai ikoko vakatarisira kurerwa nedzidzo yevana. Kuve pianist yakanaka, akadzidzisa Anton kuti aridze chiridzwa uye akagadzirira kubvuma kukirasi yemudzidzisi anozivikanwa Alexander Ivanovich villawan volisi.
Rubinstein ane makore 7 akaratidzira kugona kwakanyanya, uye kubva muna 1839 mudzidzisi akamutendera kuti ataure pachena. Kwapera gore, iyo tagged nemakonzo akaenda kuEurope uye akashanyira mambokadzi wechiRungu weVictoria uye mahombekombe makuru eFerenz Shizha uye Frederic Chopin.
Muna 1844, Anton akadzokera kuRussia kwenguva pfupi, uyezve, achiperekedzwa naamai naBerlin kuti vadzidze mimhanzi kubva kuvadzidzi vekunze vekunze veTeodore nekumusisa mufambiro mutsika dzeEurope.
Mugore rechipiri rekugara kuGermany, mhuri yakagamuchira nhau nezvekufa kweGregory Rubhinstein. Kalery christoforovna naNikolai vakasiya kuMoscow kuronga mariro, uye Anton akaenda kuAustria capital kuti avandudze hunyanzvi hwekuita piyano.
Nekudaro, hupenyu hwakazvimirira hadzina kudonha kuravira jaya, uye zvidzidzo zvakazvimiririra hazvina kuunza purofiti. Nezvikonzero izvi muna 1849, muimbi akadzokera kumusha kwake uye nekutenda kuimba yekutandarira yemukadzi weGrand Mikhail Pavhal phongs mu St. Petersburg uye vakatora dzidziso uye basa rekugadzira.
Mumhanzi
MuRussia tsika yeRussia Rubinstein yakabva yangoona. Tarenda rePianist rakafungidzirwa panguva yekugara vachitaura kune mhuri yeumambo uye vamiriri vemazita anokudzwa. Kubudirira kwakadaro kwakabvumirana muimbi akura kuti vazivikanwe nevanoshanda navo veRussia, pakati pekuti nhengo dzeMug "Simba" pamwe neAlexander Serveevich VilyGorsky and Karl Balgdanovich.
Mukutonga kwavo, Rubhinstein akaita kuti mutungamiri wake wehunyanzvi uye muna 1852 akaunza ruzhinji "Domy Donskoy", iyo yakava basa guru rezvinyorwa zvake. "Vavhimi veSiberia" Siberia "," kutsiva "uye" benzi- iro commeri ", umo mushe wePobice akashandisa misoro nenyika dzeRussia, vachipa mutero kune maitiro etsika yenguva yedu.
Pakati pa1850s, Anton Grigorievich akaedza hwaro muguta guru rechikoro rakakosha, asi, kusava nekutsigira, kwakazvipira uye kusiiwa zano iri kune nguva dziri nani.
Mabasa emuumbi akashanduka kuti asingataurwe, uye hapana mutoro weRussia akaendeswa kugadzirwa kwavo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Rubhinstein akaenda kunze kwenyika uye nerubatsiro rweechinyakare jecha emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi okusimbisa. Vavhimi veSiberia "neruzhinji. Uye zvakare, muimbi akapa nzvimbo yepalo piano muguta reGerman reLeipzig, mushure mekunge akabudirira pakushanya kwenguva refu kweEurope.
Kushanya, kwakashanda kwemakore mana, kwakaitwa Anton Grigorievich neWenyika World World uye yakamutswa nyota yeimwe basa. Kuva nekumuka, piano kunyengetedza Great Princess Elena kugovera mari yekusikwa kwenzanga yemimhanzi yeRussia, iyo yakatanga kugara nguva dzose yeSporthony Orchestra pasi pekutonga kweRubhinstein.
Nhanho inotevera yemimhanzi uye muitisi yaive sangano remakirasi ekudzidzisa emimhanzi, uko vechidiki vane zvipo vangangotarisa hunyanzvi hwekuita hunyanzvi. Kana nhamba yevadzidzi yakawedzera neyekuvavarira kwegumi nemasere e1861, iyo Yekutanga Russian Rusununguko yakavhurwa muSt. Petersburg, uye Anton Grigorivich muErigorivich
Elitive Elitive inotungamirwa nevamiriri ve "Bunch ye" Bunch "yakangotora pfungwa yekugadzira mudziyo wedzidzo yedzidzo. Muna 1871 chete, mushure meimwe yevadzidzi vekutanga vaRubhinstein vakave Tchaikovsky, comoser Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov akabvuma kujoina purofesa.
PaChivanze, Iyo Curturity yakakonzerawo pfungwa dzisina kunaka, uye mushure mekupokana nezwi rekutonga, director rakamanikidzwa kusiya basa. Chokwadi, muna 1887, Anton Grigorievich akadzoka ndokutungamira makore mashoma anotevera kune iyo yekudzidzisa institution. Inguva ino inguva ino iyo muimbi weRussia anozivikanwa ILya Repin akapenda chiratidzo chinoratidza conductor kune yake yekubatira basa.
Munguva yekudzidzisa Rubhinstein aida kudzidzisa vadzidzi kuti vave maartist echokwadi ari kugara achitsvaga kugona. Kuti vakudziridze hunyanzvi hwavo, pianist yakaramba ichikonzeresa uye inoumbwa nziyo, rwokuwoma, kuremekedza uye mamwe mabasa. Mukutanga kwa1970s, muumbi wakanyorerwa Opera "Dhimoni", zvichibva pabasa reMikhail yikhail Yurmontov, uye makore matatu akamirira sarudzo yeimba yemari yekugadzira pamusoro peiyo fomu.
Pakarepo mushure mekutanga, mutambo wembira uine mimhanzi yemwoyo wose akasiya vanhu uye vatsoropodzi, asi mushure mekufa kwemunyori, mukova wakakurumbira, eLepera mwaka wacho akaunganidzwa mawere munyika dzakasiyana.
Zvimwe zviito zvakabudirira zvemuumbi akazova Symphony "Ocean," Kristu "uye" Sulamife "uye nhoroondo yeMaccavea" uye "FraMors". Vamwe vese vakasara havana kugona kupfuura kubwinya kweMusiki, uyo asina kumira kuti afadze veruzhinji nemutambo wepiyano kweminiti.
Muna 1872-1873, muimbi mune iyo kambani Skripacha Gerhritis Venophsky akapa 215 mishonga kuNorth America kwemwedzi misere, uye mushure memakore gumi, aikunda mumisangano yese yeEurope. Kutenderera kunosanganisira zviitwa nomwe muguta rimwe nerimwe kwakapinda munhoroondo yemimhanzi uye kuchiri kutaridzika segwaro risina hukama nenguva iyoyo.
Nguva yekupedzisira yavaridzi veruzhinji vakaona pianist pachiitiko chaunobatsira muSt. Petersburg nguva pfupi vasati vafa, muna 1893.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nezve hupenyu hwega hwenyika hweanton rubhinstein zvinozivikanwa zvishoma. Chokwadi chikuru chakabatana naPeterhof, uko pianist nemukadzi mudiki wekutenda Alexandrovna Chakukuva akatanga kuoneka muna 1866.Mune ramangwana, mhuri umo vana vatatu vakaonekwa nevana vatatu, vakawana imba muguta iri rakataridzika padyo neSt. Petersburg uye yaive muchivakwa chehuni, nengarava uye gadheni remichero.
Hofisi yaRubinstein yaive pane yechipiri pasi uye yaive yakagadzirirwa maererano neyakaomeswa kuravira. Pakanga paine piyano dema, sofa nenhere ine zvinyorwa, uye pamadziro akatsakatika mifananidzo yemukadzi wake nevana: Jakobho, naAnna naAlexander. Yakanga iripo kuti mutambi akanyora zita rekuti "kugovera cycad" uye mamwe mabasa akazadzwa nemanzwi echisikigo.
Mutengesi anogamuchira aylksandrovna akakomberedza murume wake anonyaradza uye haana kunditendera kuti ndibatanidzwe, ndichikodzera nhengo dzesangano retsika dzeRussia. Munyika yeRubinsteins, iyo Moscow musoro waS s. M. Treyyov, Artist E. K. Lipgart, muimbi K. Yu. Davydov uye nhetembo yaPolyonky.
Rufu
Muna 1893, Rubinstein akarasikirwa nemwana mudiki waKakov Antonovich, akafa pazera ramakore regumi. Kurasikirwa, kwakadzivirirwa nechitonhora chakakomba, kunhonga kushanya muDresden, mans hutano hwepiyano.
Kudzokera kunyika muna Chivabvu 1894, Anton Grigorievich akapinda mubasa uye pakupedzisira "apedza" nhengo yakaneta. Vanachiremba nehama vakamubvunza kuti vachinje mararamiro uye kubhadhara nguva yekuzorora, asi muimbi haana kuteerera chero munhu.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, pakupera kwekutenderera, Rubserten aigara ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akakura uye akatanga kutambudzika nekusarara uye kurwadziwa kuruboshwe rwake. Manheru aNovember 19, piano yakashandiswa kuseri kwemakadhi ari kushamwaridzana neshamwari uye nevadiwa, uye manheru ainetseka kufema, akabvumidzwa kurarama pamberi pekuuya kwevanachiremba.
Kubuditsa uye kugovera oksijeni hakuna kuponesa muimbi mukuru, uye chikonzero chekufa kwake munaNovember 20, 1894 kurwiswa kwemoyo wakashata.
Pakati pevhiki, bhokisi rine mutumbi waRubhinstein rakanga richimira muhoro yePeterhofopaya dacha, uye akabva atakurwa kuenda kuUtatu yeKutakura uye mushure memariro akaviga makuva eAlexander Nevsky lavra.
Shanda
- 1849-1850 - Dmitry Donskoy
- 1850 - concerto ye piyano ine orchestra Nha. 1 diki
- 1851 - Symphony Nha. 2 KuGreat "Ocean"
- 1852 - "Vavhimi vekuSiberia"
- 1857 - Sonata weCello naPiano Nha. 2 Munyu munyu
- 1861 - "Mermaid" (Cantata yeSolo, female choir uye orchestra)
- 1862 - "Fera Master"
- 1869 - Sporthic poem "Ivan Grozny"
- 1871 - "Dhimoni"
- 1875-1876 - "Nero"
- 1880 - "Kalashnikov Merchant"
- 1884 - "Parrot"
- 1888 - "Gorusha"