Biography
Anatoly Lunacharsky aive munhu anoshamisa kwazvo ane chekuita zvikuru uye pfungwa inowedzera yeruramisiro. Iye murume aive muruzhinji anoshamisa uye mutauri ane tarenda, nyanzvi yekuchinja, chimiro chakakosha uye wezvematongerwo enyika.
Kwemakore gumi nemaviri, akashanda semutongi wevanhu wekujekeserwa. Nhaka yake yakapfuma ichiri kurasikirwa neyakafanira kukosha - zvinyorwa uye zvinotamba zvisingabvumirani pamakotesheni .
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Lunacharsky Anatoly Vasilvevich akaoneka munaNovember 11 (Mbudzi 23 nechimiro chitsva) ye 1875 muPoltava, icho chaive chikamu cheHurumende yeRussia. Vabereki vake veAlexander Rosostivtsev uye Stat Adviser Alexander Antonov haana kuita muwanano yepamutemo. Maererano nenhandare yeMumelor yeAnowly, kutonga mumhuri, mamiriro emhuri amunomuratidza kana achisarudza nzira yehupenyu.
Mukomana paaive nemakore gumi, baba vake vakafa nekuda kwekushanda zvisina kubudirira. Pashure paizvozvo, Alexander akafunga kutamira kuKiev pamwe nemwanakomana wake. Ikoko, Lunachar Junior akazova mudzidzi wekutanga wekurovedza muviri, ndiwo akanakisa muguta. Semitambo yekurovedza muviri, akabatana neyemusangano uye denderedzwa uye akabva angozivisa nezvake - jaya rakatara musoro wechikwata chevadzidzi vaidzidza mabhuku akarambidza avo vakarambidza mabhuku.
Pamwe chete neiyi, tonily yakatora chikamu mumatenduru ekushanda. Kuve ane makore gumi nematanhatu, akanyora nyaya yake yedhisheni, iyo yakaburitswa muhectocaric edition. Nekuda kwekuti vadzidzisi vaifunga nezvevadzidzisi veLunacharsky yezvematongerwo enyika vasina kuvimbika, akaisa mana maitiro muchitupa chakaburitswa. Izvi zvakakanganisa kusakwanisa kuenderera mberi dzidzo muRussia. Nechikonzero ichi, mudzidzi akaenda kuSwitzerland uye akabudirira akapfuura bvunzo muZurich University.
Iyo yunivhesiti yaNyatoly yakava gweta rine hunyanzvi uye panguva imwe chete yaakasangana nemisoro yesangano repasi rese reSangano neGeorge PlekHanov naRosa Luxembourg. Iye mukomana akaramba ari muZurich kusvikira 1897, paakadzokera kuMoscow.
Zviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika uye zvemagariro
Mooncharsky akaramba achiramba vachiita zvekunyepedzera uye mabasa ekushingirira, pamwe nekuzivisa. Kunzwisisa kwakadaro hakuna kugona kuramba kusingadziviswi - mukomana akasungwa. Nekudaro, nekuda kwezera rechidiki, kugara kwake aive mutorongo, mushure memwedzi miviri yekusungwa, yakapfuura naAnatoly baba. Mamiriro aya aive muramba kune veruzhinji kutaura uye chisungo chekusiya chePoltava.
Pasinei neizvi, iyo yechidiki yekuchinja nekukurumidza mushure mekubuda kubva pasi pemhedziso yakadzokera kuMoscow. Panyaya iyi, mushure menguva yakati, kusungwa kutsva kwakateverwa, iyo yakareba mwedzi misere. Mushure mekupera kweshoko rekuti jaya rakatumirwa kuVologda Province, kwaakanamatira muThe THETHE.
Kupfuurirazve, akagadzirisa zvakare maBolys uye akadzokera kuKiev muna 1904, mumwedzi yakati wandei akanyora kuti bepanhau "Kiev mhinduro". Mukuvhuvhu weGore rimwe chete, ANatonly akaenda kuGeneva pane kufona kwaLenin. Yakanga iripo kuti murume uyu akazviratidza kuti anyanzvi hwekuchinja kwenyanzvi uye mutauri ane moyo wakanaka. Akatora chikamu mune yechitatu yeCongress yeRSDLP uye gore rakazodzokera kuRussia kuti atange muBolshevik edition "hupenyu hutsva".
Hofisi yepepanhau repepanhau rakanzwisisa kuti raive reLunacharsky iyo ndiyo huru yebhuku bhuku, mushure mekuparadzira zvinyorwa zvake zvinoverengeka. Nekudaro, zviremera zvacho zvaisafanira kuravira zviitiko zvinoshanda zvezvinhu zvaAnotoly - mushure memwedzi mishoma akasungwa kwenguva yechitatu uye akatongerwa chimwezve kubatana. Asi nekudonha kwa1906, iyo shanduko yakazvimirira yakaronga kutiza uye yakasiya humambo hweRussia panguva iyoyo chaiyo.
Panguva imwecheteyo, nyika yake yakatanga kuchinja zvakanyanya. Lunacharsky akamira kutora matanda ezvematongerwo enyika, ayo akasimudzira bolhemicks anotungamirwa naLenin. Mukufunga kwake, zvinokwanisika kukunda simba chete nenzira yeparamende. Yaive kushandurwa kwemaonero eAnatolia ndiyo yaive chikonzero chekuti akapomerwa pfungwa dzinoda kupfuudza uye nezvevamwe vanhu, maererano neBolshevek, zvivi.
Nekufamba kwenguva, Lunacharsky akatama kubva mune zvezvematongerinoro zvemutori vezvematongerwo enyika nekunyatso tsoropodzwa - akatanga kunyatsotevedzera kuburitswa kwezvinhu zvese zvehunyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, mune chinyorwa chaitaurwa kuti "futurists", murume akatanga kuratidzira iyo inoshamisa-garde yeiyi nzira iri muhunyanzvi.
Pakati peino nguva, mukati memabhuku eMarxist, mafungu ezvekukurukurirana dzidziso dzine Leninist padudziro yehupombwe akaitwa, uye akatanga kudzokorora mumabiko emabiko. Nhungamiro yake yakachinja zvakare, uye kwenguva yakati rezhonga iyo shanduko yacho yakasvika padyo neBolshevek. Zviitiko zvese izvi zvakaitika, sezvakangoita Lunacharsky zvakanzwisisa kuti muRussia zvichasungwa nekukurumidza uye zvichaita kuti zvinyore zviitiko zvemagariro uye zvekunyora.
ANONYLY YAKABUDA uye Rakaburitswa kutenderera kwezvinyorwa munhoroondo yemabhuku muna 1914, umo iye aipokana nezve dambudziko rehukama pakati pehungwaru uye proletariat. Mukufunga kwake, aya miganhu miviri yenharaunda inogona kuve inobatsira zvinyoro-nyoro, kunyanya mukati mechimiro chetsiva hwetsika.
Iko kugona kwekutanga kushora kwaikosheswa kwazvo nemunyori maximin gorky uye makore mashoma ari pamberi apa akaratidzira mutemo webleshevek. Mabasa eLunacharsky akasiyaniswa nehunyengeri uye kudzika kwekutonga, uye zvakare kazhinji akafanotaura nezve matanho anotevera ekuvandudzwa kwemabhuku.
Muna May 1917, mumwe murume akadzokera kumusha kwake ndokusiya musoro wake kuita zvematongerwo enyika. Akaramba achizivisa ruzivo rwekuti kudiwa kwekutora simba nenzira yerunyararo, yaive yakakonzera gakava nehutungamiri hweBolsheviks. Anatongly akawana basa mupepanhau reGorky "hupenyu hutsva", umo zvinyorwa zvake zvezvinyorwa zvakatanga kuoneka.
Vamwe vacho vakatungamirwa kurwa nehondo, iyo yakatungamira kusungwa kutsva munyori, panguva ino pachinzvimbo chehurumende pfupi. Neraki, nekuda kweruzhinji rwevanhu veLunacharsky, zvinodhura pasina kusungwa, kunyange aifanira kuve pasi pevhu muvhu.
Nekupera kweiyo October Revolution mune Biography yeAnatolia, pakanga paine mukana - akagadzwa nemutungamiriri weCommissioner wekujekesa. Iye murume haana kudemba simba uye nguva yekukwezva maartist kubva kune akasiyana siyana ekupedza kugutsikana mazano matsva. Akagadzira magazini "murazvo", iro rakaburitswa vanyori vane pfungwa dzinopesana chaizvo. Lunacharsky pachake akatora peni, kunyangwe asina kunyatsonaka - mitambo yake uye kugadzirisa yakaratidzwa munguva pfupi.
Muna 1918, munyori akatanga akazivisa zvishuwo nezvechishuvo chekusiya hurumende uye kusawirirana neBolshevik mitemo yemitemo. Akatanga kutaura nekodhi nezve kukosha kwekuchengetedza tsika dzechikoro chekare yeRussia uye kunyange akaronga rutsigiro rwechirongwa chezviitiko zvezviitiko zvezviitiko.
Pashure pokunge Stalin akamuka mumusoro kwesimba, akatanga kuudza kubva kubasa nemusoro, izvo zvakakanganisa hutano hwake. Uye zvakare, kuurayiwa kwemunyori nezvezvisikwa zvekutyisa uye nevanorwiswa nevanhu vakarambidzwa bhuku.
Kwemakore masere, kusvika 1932, Lunacharsky akabata chinzvimbo cheSachigaro weBureau ehukama nevanyori vekunze. Muzhizha ra1929, iye, pamwe chete nedzimwe nhengo dzeMadhinda emakomisheni, akaramba kutora chikamu mu "tsika yetsika" uye akasiya basa racho pakarepo. Pamwe chete nekubva kwaAnatoly, iyo venzvimbo yemunharaunda yakaramba isina mubatsiri wake. Kutenda kumukurumbira, murume akakwanisa kudzivirira kutongwa pachena - akatumirwa ku "Honorary link".
Hupenyu Hwako
Muhupenyu hwepedyo hweLunacharsky hwanga hwashanda senge nyanzvi. Muna 1902, iyo yekuchinja-makore 27 yakapinda muwanano, mukadzi wake aive munyori ane makore 19 ALELEksandrovna Malinovskaya. Kwemakore makumi maviri ekugara mumhuri mavo, mumwe mwana akazviratidza. Mwanakomana waAnatoly Anatolenda Volaachrarsky akaberekerwa muna 1911 uye akaenda akatsika tsoka dzevabereki vake, achiva munyori. Muna 1943, aenda kumberi, kwaakatsika zvinosiririsa kana achinge atanga kuendesa muNovorossyk.
Muna 1922, 47-okusangana naAnatoly akasangana nechidiki wechidiki Natalia Rososel uye akabva angoda murudo naye. Nenguva isipi makore ekugadzira akabatwa. Muwanano yavo, vana vakabatana havana kuoneka, asi murume wacho akaita mwanasikana waIrina mwanasikana waLunakari kubva kuhukama hwomukuru hwenguva yake.
Nationality yeruzhinji nhamba ndeye Russian. Kureba kwake uye uremu hauzivikanwe kune vamwe, asi nekuchengetedza mapikicha kuratidza murume watinogona kugumisa kuti yaive yakakwirira uye yemurume.
Rufu
Chikonzero chorufu chakaitwa naLunatharsky ndiro kupindirana kwechirwere chechirwere cheziso, izvo zvakaitika muna 1932 muBerlin. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, murume akadzokera kuRussia, asi zvainge zvisisiri kugona kushanda zvakajairika. Naizvozvo, pazano revachiremba, munyori akaenderera mberi nekurwadzisa kuGermany.
Muzhizha ra1933, Lunacharsky akauya kuParis, kwaiita mamiriro ake ezvinhu mumuviri, nekuda kwekuti chiremba asimbe pakurapwa muchipatara muchipatara. Rufu rwakauya kuzotarisirwa zvisingatarisirwi musi waDecember 26, 1933, murume aive nemakore makumi mashanu nemashanu.
Quotes
"Mutambo uyu ndewekutanga hwaro hwetsika dzese dzevanhu." "Kana iwe uine makore, saka unoziva; Kana iwe uri mudiki, iwe uchadzidza; Kana iwe wakakura uye usazive, ndine urombo kwazvo newe. "" Uye chero wedu unoratidza kuti zvinogona kutungamira vamwe, anofanira kugara achidzidza. "" Mutungamiriri akaipa anoziva zvekuita. "" Mutungamiriri akaipa anoziva zvekuita. "" Mutungamiriri akaipa anoziva zvekuita. "" Mutungamiriri akaipa anoziva zvekuita. "" Mutungamiriri akaipa anoziva zvekuita. "" Mutungamiriri akaipa anoziva zvekuita. "" Mutungamiriri akaipa anoziva zvekuita. "" Mutungamiriri akaipa anoziva zvekuita. "" Mutungamiriri akaipa anoziva zvekuita. " Uye zvakanaka zvinoratidza kuzviita. "BHAIBHERI
- 1906 - "Royal Brady"
- 1907 - "Vashanu Varimi Vevaneveri"
- 1912 - "mazano ari masks"
- 1918 - "Dialogue paArt"
- 1919 - "Mages"
- 1920 - "Ivan muParadhiso"
- 1922 - "Muedzo"
- 1926 - "Uputi"
- 1927 - "Kumadokero"
- 1929 - "Maxim Gorky"