Biography
Kuna pleiad guru Vanyori Russian pamusoro XIX remakore, pamwe Mikhail Glinka uye nhengo, iyo nekomichiyakazara "ruoko Simba" kodzero ndorwevaya munyori Opera "Stone Guest" Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky. Kuva iye muvambi wechokwadi realism, Musiki akasiya mabasa mazhinji, kwete kufungidzirwa mukati mehupenyu. Nhaka yake inosanganisira piano, orchestral uye mazwi ekunyora, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yerudzi rwemavhesi A. S. Pushkin "uye rwiyo rwekusuwa" Petersburg Serenads ".Hudu uye Vechidiki
Alexander Sergeevich Dargomyzhsky akaoneka mune imwe yedzimba dzeTula Dunhu musi waFebruary 14, 1813. Vatsvagiri vemanyorerwo emunyori varege kusvika kune imwe pfungwa nezve nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kwake. Kunyanya kukanganisika kuti midzi yaAlexander yaive yakarara mumusha weVoskremesky, vaive vari mudunhu repakati reMusangano weRussia, padyo neguta razvino refoni.
Alexandra baba, Sergey Nikolavich, aive wedzinza risiri repamutemo remuridzi wepfuma muridzi wepfuma A. P. Ladyzhensky. Kutenda kuColone N. I. Bogucarov, akagamuchira dzidzo yakanaka uye akashanda mune yebhangi yekutengeserana pasi pehushumiro hweMari.
Amai Maria Borsivna Kozlovskaya yakabva kune imwe mubereko yakapfuma, ine genders mune smolensk uye tula emapropi. Kupesana nechido chevabereki, akazova mukadzi wemushandi akareruka uye akazoitwa pachiedza chevana vatanhatu.
Huhu hwezita remunguva yemberi hwakapfuura muzvivakwa zveSoliunovo, nhoroondo yemhuri yeKozlovsky, uye ipapo Baba vakagamuchira chinzvimbo muhofisi yeMetropolit, uye mhuri iyi yakatamira kuSt. Ikoko, Sasha ane makore 7 akatanga kudzidza kutamba piyano ndokuita kufarira kunyora. Mudzidzisi wekutanga kuLouise Volgebord akakurudzira kuedza kwemukomana, nemakore gumi ekukura pane munyori wemitambo yemapiyano akati wandei uye rudo.
Nekudaro, vabereki uye vadzidzisi vanotevera vanocherekedza ndezvisikwa zveMunyori wechiMumhanzi weMimhanzi uye zvishandiso zvekushandisa zviridzwa, ona kuverenga kuverenga uye kudzidziswa kwezwi. Kushandira pamwe nevadzidzisi neAdrian Danilevsky, Franz Schoberlechner uye Benedict Thiigig, akatungamira kumakonzati anobatsira, uko Alexander akaitwa naAlexander uye violinist.
Muna 1827, mudiki Dargomyzhsky akapinda muhofisi yedare uye akaita nhanho dzekutanga kuhupenyu hwakazvimiririra hwevakuru.
Mumhanzi
Nzira yekugadzira yeSerweander Sergeevich yakatanga nekufambidzana neRussia composer Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. Iye Munyori weiyo Opera yakakurumbira inonzi "hupenyu hweTsar" kugoverana nejaya rechidiki ruzivo rwakawana kuGermany, uye vakabatsira kunzwisisa nzira dzekunyora pane iwo muenzaniso wemabasa evanoshanda navo vatorwa.Kufuridzirwa nokutaurirana uku, Dargomyzhsky akatanga kushanyira iyo Metropolitan Opera, apo mimhanzi yakanyorwa nevaItaly yakanzwika kuRohears yeiyo reheals yeiyo glinka mashandiro eGlinka. Mukupera kwa 1830s, iye akavata, iye akavata kuti agadzire yake opera inoenderana neDhama rezvakaitika kare. "Asi mushure mekutanga sketch, ndakazoona kuti zvinyorwa zvaive zvakashata uye zvirongwa zvehunyanzvi.
Zvadaro, maererano nezano rekodhi, Alexander, akataura chimwe chigadzirwa chemurume wechiFrench uye, vachishandisa iyo yekutanga libretto ku "Cathedral ye" Cathedral ye "Cathedral ye" Cathedral ye "Cathedral ye" Cathedral ye "Cathedral ye" Cathedral ye "Cathedral of the Farisian Amai", akatanga kunyora Opera "Esmeralda". Pakazosvika 1841, mapato orchentral aive akagadzirira, uye Dargomyzhsky akagadzirira basa rehutungamiri hwehutungamiri hwemagariro emitambo.
Kwemakore akati wandei, zvinyorwa zvaive zvine usimbe pasina mhosva, asi muna 1847 yekutanga yekugadzirwa kwakaitika muMoscow. Nehurombo, dambudziko remunyori weDargomyzhszhszhs harina kugamuchira ongororo yakanaka, uye "Esmeralda" akakurumidza kunyangarika kubva pachirongwa uye akazoonekwa.
Kuora mwoyo kwemunyori akawedzera mukurumbira wemabasa emurapi wake Glinka. Uye nekubva kwenguva pfupi kubva pakunyora, Alexander Sergeevich rakatanga kudzidzisa vanonzwika vakadzi volisi uye vakaita rerudo uye nziyo dzokurwa nenziyo. Yakanga iri panguva iyoyo iri mubasa raDargomyzhsky, "zvinosuruvarisa", husiku Marshmallow, Romet Ether "," vechidiki neVirgo "uye" makore gumi nematanhatu "ndokuonekwa.
Rimwe nzira yakatendeka yekupona nayo rwendo rwekutanga rwaive rwendo rwekupfuura, panguva iyo munyori weEsmeralala akasangana neEuropean Creeplas uye Vaimbi veCharlel Berio, Henri Vietan, Gaetano Dyzetti nevamwe.
Pakudzokera kuRussia muna 1848, mutambi akafunga kuenderera mberi nekuedza nemafomu makuru uye akatanga kugadzira munhu ari opera ", zvichienderana nenjodzi yeAlexander Sergeevich Plankin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushkin Pushky. Vagari venhema vakafadzwa neDargomyzhsky izvozvo, pamwe nebasa guru, vakanyora romance "Melnik", "anopenga", pasina mufaro "uye" Serebhi-musikana wenhaka yeRussia.
Muna 1855, "Mermaid" yakapera uye mushure mechinguva ichiendeswa kune veruzhinji. Panguva ino mhizha yemunyori akaiswa mupeposeri mumwaka wemahara akati wandei uye akazova nyaya yechinyorwa-peji yePeji muJuresiti ". Zvinonakidza kuti Dargomyzhsky yakazvimirira yakazvimirira yakazvimirira libretto yebasa uye, kutevera iyo nyaya yePushkin, yakagadzira kupera kwenjodzi isina kugadziriswa mundima.
Mabasa anotevera aAlexander Sergeyevich akave mutsigiro akazova zvisinganzwisisike "ChiUkraine Cossack", "Baba Yaga" uye "chukhon fungidziro" uye "chukhon Vakabata pesvedzero yaMia yeBalakirev uye Vladimir Stasov, akazotevera nhengo dzegg "ruoko rune simba" rwakava mitezo.
Muna 1860s, nekutenda kune vandaizivana navo, mutungamiriri wacho akatanga kuvaka rudo rweimba, ndewaive mienzaniso yakajeka yeiyo yaive mabasa e "rwiyo runoshamisa" uye "mukwikwidzi wekare" uye "Advisor. Panguva imwecheteyo, imwe rwendo rwekuEurope rwakatorwa, uko vaimbi vekunze vakatanga kuita zvinyorwa zvakati wandei zvokuridza Dargomyzhszhsky.
Munguva yerwendo, Alexander Sergeevich haana kumira kufunga nezve basa rake rimwe nerimwe uye akavezwa mukutsvaga zano remubhadharo mutsva. Pfungwa dzekutanga dzaive gadziriro dzemimhanzi dzeiyo pushkin nhetembo "poltava" uye nhandaro iri padanho rekare reRussia ngano yeRogdan. Nekudaro, izvi zvirongwa hazvina kufanirwa kuti zvive zvisina kufanira, uye chete muunganidzwa wematikiti anonzi "mazepa" uye akati wandei uye nhamba yekunyora yakaramba yakavapo.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, kusarudzwa kwemunyori kwakawira pabasa renzvimbo sedutu "wechiitiko", izvo zvakaverengerwa nhetembo dzakakurumbira dzinonzi "Njodzi Dzakakurumbira", asi basa racho harina kuenda nekuda kwedambudziko rekugadzira rakabatana yeiyo theetrical poster ye opera "mermaid". Uye zvakare, iyo yakambonyorwa basa "mhemberero yaVakha" haina kubudirira.
Kutenda chete pakutora chikamu muhupenyu hweRussia Musical Social Society uye Dargomyzhsky, Dargomyzhsky ichiri kutora pamusoro pe "Gumi" yechienzi "ndokugona kunyora zvakawanda zvezvinyorwa zvemimhanzi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Matambudziko ekugadzira, kwenguva yakareba anoteedzerwa nemunyori, akaratidzwa pahupenyu hwake. Kusava nemukadzi, kana vana, Alexander Sergevich yake yakasununguka mumhuri estate yeTverunovo pedyo neSolensk uye kukurudzirwa kwerudo, kuratidzwa kwerudo, symphanic inoshanda uye symphanioni uye operas.
Mushure mekufa kwamai muna 1852, Dargomyzhsk yakasunungurwa varimi kubva mutoro wakarembera, uchipa nyika muridzi wezvavaigara uye vaishanda. Kuita kwakadaro kwaive kwakasiyana kuRussia kwezana rexix, uye vanhu vakararama panguva iyoyo vakatanga kufonera nyanzvi yemuridzi wemunyika yehukama.
Nekudaro, kudzikisira kwaKozlovsky kwakaramba kuchiripo neAlexander Sergeevich, uye kusvika 1864, kusurukirwa kweMunyori "Mermaid" akabvunza baba vakwegura. Kuguma kwekupedzisira kwakava kuremerwa kwazvo kumumhanzi uye pakupedzisira kwakadzora chiitiko chake chekugadzira.
Rufu
Munguva yerwendo rwekunze, 1864-1865 dargomyzhsky yakarwara ne rheumatism. Pasina kutengesa tsika dzehuga hwake, akaramba achiita mumimhanzi uye zvemagariro zviitiko. Mukutanga 1868, iyo nyika yeAlexander Sergevh yakatora, uye akatanga kunyunyuta pamusoro pekusagadzikana mumunda wemoyo uye kutenderera kweropa kwakashata, izvo zvakave zvinokonzeresa rufu rwake rusununguko.Iko kuwanda kwerufu, kuumbwa kwakaita kuda, uko kwaKesar Antonovich Kyui uye Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov anofanira kunge akapedza kuwanikwa kweOpera "uye gadzirira mapato ekuwedzera kuenderera mberi.
Vaindibata vakabvuma kuzadzisa kuda kwekupedzisira kweDargomyzhszhskyzhsky, vakadzika kuti vasingazoitike zvisingazoitike munguva pfupi, asi munaJanuary 5, 1969, Alexander Sergeevich Asingatariswi neAnerysm. Mapepanhau akaudza nzanga pamusoro pekurasikirwa kwakatisipa basa, uye pamariro anoitwa muna Ndira 9, vamiriri vese veElite yekusika yeSt Petersburg vakaunganidzwa. Uye bhokisi rine mutumbi wemufi kune mafungiro eTikhvvinsky, Alexander Nevy Lavra, hama nehama dzakatakurwa mumaoko avo.
Nguva pfupi yapfuura mutambo wekuviga Pavel Mikhailovich Trityakov Ortist Konstantin Makovsky Muenzaniso weCargomyzhszhsky manhamba eRussia tsika muGarari yeMutengesi ane mukurumbira uye hutachiona.
Shanda
- 1830 - "Bolero"
- 1830 - "Kusiyana kune iyo Rusuka musoro"
- 1830 - "Brilliant Waltz"
- 1838-1841 - Esmeralda
- 1843-1848 - "Vakasha Mhemberero"
- 1845 - "Tabakerkaya Waltz"
- 1848-1855 - "Mermaid"
- 1850s - "Kufungidzira pamisoro kubva kuOpera" hupenyu hwaMambo "
- 1860 - "Mazepa" Sketches
- 1860-1867 - "Rogdan" Frgment
- 1865 - "Slavic Tarantella"
- 1866-1869 - "Mutambo wechienzi"