Biography
Schmidt anonziwo, kubva German uye mimwe mitauro, kuchinjirwa Kuznetsov, akapfeka vakawanda vakakurumbira - vasayendisiti uye nevanyori, vatambi uye kwavatungamiriri vakuru vehondo. Schmidt mbiri inozivikanwa zvikuru Russia - akapanduka Black Sea refutenendi, uyo akava chete pakunamata kuti Ilfa uye Yevgeny Petrov, mumwe chimiro Baj uye majee, uye "Red Columbus" anonzi Otto. The polar mutsvakurudzi vasanganiswa tarenda wemasvomhu uye geophysics pamwe sangano tarenda uye aiva chitarisiko Santa Claus.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Otto Yulievich Schmidt akaberekwa mokuparara 1891 muna Russian Empire. Mugore oupenyu firimu iri 1964 musayendisiti, chakataurwa kuti chizvarwa reguta Mogilev, uyo akaita abatsira zvikuru zvesayenzi, akatora nzvimbo kubva wokuLatvia vanhuwo zvavo. Izvi haisiri ndeechokwadi madzitateguru Schmidt kubva kurutivi Baba vari vokuGermany.
Interesting zvinhu chepakuvamba Biography pakati Schmidt:
- Muna 1897, katsamba pamusoro-gore 6-okuberekwa Otto Schmidte akazviratidza mupepanhau Mogilev - mwana akakunda rwizi veko guta;
- At makore 8 okuberekwa, mukomana kuzova "mukuru" Sahara kurenje kugadzirisa dambudziko mvura;
- Panguva kudzidzisa ari Kiev jimunasiyamu, Otto kamwe haana kudzidza uchapupu theorem no yakapiwa imba uye panguva kupindura chidzidzo akaratidza aida uchapupu nokuda kwayo nzira.
In hwake, Schmidt akaita pasi mabhuku vanoda kuverenga. Zvakaitika kuti nokuda Kuzadziswa pamuviri kuda kudzivisa rufu kwemakore ane chiuru. The jaya akaderedza zvawanyora 4 nguva, uyewo kutaura Implementation hope, akaderedza nguva yokurara uye kudya.
Ndapedza kubva jimunasiyamu endarama medalist, Otto akapinda University of Kiev. basa Scientific rakabudiswa mumakore mudzidzi mumunda kwemasvomhu yokuti akazarura jaya toga shamwari (analogue kuti chikoro munhu ano). Jaya ichagadzirwa kuti musoro muzvinafundo.
Basa Resainzi
Schmidt akareurura kuti vanhu vaviri vaigara mairi - science nezviito: asi socio-zveupfumi kuchinja kwakaitika Russia gutsa wechipiri uye Otto anopfuura ekutanga. MuHondo Yenyika I, musayendisiti akauya Kiev Merry uye aida kutsungirira nzara nokusuma kugoverwa kwezvokudya yakatanga naye.
Pashure pokukunda yaOctober Revolution, Schmidt ndokubatana Bolsheviks Party, akatamira Petrograd, uye ipapo kuMoscow. Nokukurumidza musayendisiti yakava nhengo Food Commissioner, muchirongwa paumbwe tarisiro. Muna January 1919, akamiririra Vladimir Lenin, Otto Yulievich semutongo ubate chirevo pamusoro nevatengi communes. Remangwana polarist aishanda uye vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka - nani yekosi kudzidzisa vashandi.
The munhu Encyclopedic maonero, Otto Schmidt akava mukuru mupepeti mukuru "Big Soviet Encyclopedia", mabasa vakanga kurongwa - zvikanganiso anowanikwa munyaya haana zvinosimbisa, asi yake nemazvo kugadziriswa. Nokufamba kwenguva, nokubudirira musayendisiti muminda nzvimbo uye nyeredzi akawedzerwa kune ouduku munorumbidzirweiko mumunda masvomhu.
Mune 40s ari rechi20, Schmidt akasika rondedzero pamusoro chidzoke ane renzou kubva gasi-pepped gore. Panguva Great Patriotic War, musayendisiti, ari mutevedzeri purezidhendi Academy of Sciences, akaronga kubvisa kutsvakurudza Kudya kuMabvazuva.
Shanduko
In Otto, Schmidte akararama Jules-Vernovsky mweya musango. Kuva pane kurapwa kuGermany, musayendisiti "akarwara kukwira gomo uye muna 1928 vakaronga pakundopambara kuna Pamir, waiva mugumisiro pakagadzwa zvakasikwa uye hukuru pamusoro Fedchenko rechando zvechokwadi. Kana uchikunda Nhongonya gomo, Schmidt akaratidza kujairika kuti musayendisiti kukwanisa kutungamirira vanhu zvashata ezvinhu, akashanyira Marine mishandirapamwe mu kweArctic.
Kutanga kweArctic Epopea Otto Julievich akaisa 2 swimming pamusoro aizi "Sedov". Basa yokutanga - "zvesayenzi uye nedzenyu" - the kwidza yaiva nokusimbisa uchangamire wechidiki nyika Soviet pamusoro penyika Franz Joseph. The nebudiriro rwendo vaiva kuwedzera nesarufa-nyundo mureza pachitsuwa Gucker uye zvinyorwa kupinda munzvimbo kuchamhembe latitudes ari icebreaking mudziyo. Panoperera kuchamhembe kwidza wechipiri, Otto Julievich akasimbisa chokwadi chokuvapo kuchitsuwa ma visa, akazaruka, kufanana Neptune nyika, nenzira masvomhu, uye chitsuwa akatumidza zita Schmidt.
Muna 1932, mumwe musayendisiti, nguva pfupi asati, dzinotungamirirwa ari Research Institute kweArctic, akaenda kushambira ari icebreaking chikepe "Alexander Sibiryak" kuti evof mukana dambudziko Northern Sea Path mumwe wekushandisa. Pazuva rechi14, vadzidzi mushandirapamwe rakatanga muna Arkhangelsk vakanga vakagamuchira pamusoro kuchamhembe pasi pamwe polar vatsvakurudzi akasiya ipapo 2 apfuura panguva yechipiri Schmidt Arctic rwendo.
Sezvo rakadeurwa pakati chitsuwa of Bolshevik uye Taimyr Peninsula vakazadzwa chando, vafambi vakasarudza yokunzvenga rezvitsuwa kubva kuchamhembe, iyo kusvikira zvaibvira chero chikepe. On September 10, 200 km kubva Bering Strait Ice akamedura kukwasva pamusoro aizi, uye Sibiryakov akasimuka. Kusimudza kumashure uye vanyatsopedza Kuparara, ngarava chikwata vakakakatira matani 400 marasha kusvika muchikepe mhino. Mushure kugadziriswa, huni reserves akadzokera dyisa chikamu, uye Siberians akaramba kushambira.
Ipapo vaitevedzera tsaona wechipiri. Maritime vezvikepe vakarera chinhu maseiri pamusoro aizi, yakadzurwa chikepe netambo, akanyemwerera ari torus vachishandisa ammonal. Pakutanga chechipiri kwematsutso mwedzi 1932, Sibiryakovtsy akatambanudza Cape Dezhnev uye akakukwazisa kukunda pamusoro zvakasikwa uye mamiriro ezvinhu. Nokukurumidza Otto Schmidt akava musoro kushandiswa Soviet polar vatsvakurudzi.
Muzhizha gore rinouya, yakakurumbira kweArctic nyanzvi yakakura kwakatangwa - swimming mungarava "Chelyuskin", iro Chirungu munyori wemitambo Bernard Shaw akavhomora dambudziko, zvinoshamisa ikava kupembera Soviet. Nhumbi-mutakurwi mudziyo vakaungana pazuva Danish shipyards haina chinangwa nokuda vachifamba peArctic latitudes.
On September 23, chando akadzikatidza mudziyo chete panzvimbo regore rakapera tsaona "Sibiryakov". Nokuti ichi, imwe-mwedzi 5 anenge vasakukurwa kwaiteverwa, uye musi February 13, aizi floes akaendesa steamer, uye "Chelyuskin" rikanyura. Munguva kubvisa, Zaneshosis akaurayiwa, zita iro akatora nzvimbo kubva zita mutaundi rokumusha Schmidt.
The yasara vanhu 104, kusanganisira 10 vakadzi nevana vaviri, akapedza 2 months ari chando uye akabviswa panguva kununurwa Flights pamusoro 20. Schmidt akatsigira mweya mamwe masoja ake uye kunyange kuverenga hurukuro kwesayenzi mutende. Otto Julievich akaitirwa akatozotamiswa pamusoro ekupedzisira, asi vanorwara ne rinorema nemabayo, uye panguva kuomerera of Socked Government musi April 11 anobviswa kuchipatara muna Alaska.
Moscow akasangana "Chelyuskintsev" sezvo vakundi. The dzakawanda mifananidzo akabatwa Muscovites, achigamuchira Arctic navigators. Kununura vezvikepe vakava magamba Soviet Union wokutanga, uye vakura vechikamu pamusoro rwendo vakagamuchira Order.
Muna 1937, ndege pamwe Otto Schmidt nemamwe polar vatsvakurudzi asvika North Pole, uye Soviet yemapurisa pamwe zita kudaro yakarongwa pedyo "Makushka" Nyika. Musoro nyika munyika yose kukukurwa yemapurisa rakanga Ivan Papanin, vakabva shumped kubudikidza Schmidt kubva pambiru musoro musoro musoro.
Hupenyu Hwako
Iyo yakareba, yebhuruu-yebhuruu, ine mwenje unokurumidza Gait, uyo akatsvaga kuseka pamusoro peumwe uye pamusoro pake, otto akanakidzwa nekubudirira kubva kune bonde rakanaka. Vakadzi vatatu vavanofarira vakapa nesainzi vanakomana vatatu.
Mukadzi wekutanga Otto Yulievich - Iyo nhaka Dector Vera Yanitskaya - yakanga yakura kupfuura musayendisiti kwemakore maviri. Kucherechedzwa Mwanakomana waVolodya kwakashanda semukadzi nekuda kwekunyora bhuku rinonzi "Diary Amai". Vera Fedorovna, akafa aine makore makumi mana nemashanu kubva kuchirwere cheiyo thyroid gland, ndiye muvambi weevhiethi.
Womumwe wechipiri weSchmidt, vezera rekutenda Yanitskaya, Margarita Voosker aive vanhu. Sigurd Schmidt akaenda akatsika tsoka dzaamai uye akazova munyori wenhoroondo anozivikanwa. Iyo Chelyuskin Epopea yakapa chirevo pahupenyu hwepedyo neOtto Juliyevich. Kubva musayendisiti vakava nepamuviri Alexander Gorskaya, akashanda pane steamer. Nyeredzi yePolar haina kuparadza muchato ne pothor, asi mwanakomana waSasha akabvuma zita rake rekupedzisira.
Rufu
Mumakore achangopfuura ehupenyu, aimbova Navigator airwara zvakanyanya. Chikonzero chekufa mumavhiki mashoma kusvika pamasikati makumi matanhatu nematanhatu yaive tuberculosis, yakakandwa pamapapu pane larynx.
Guva revaidzidzira rinowanikwa pane iyo Novderevichy Cemetery yeguta reRussia.
Ndangariro
- Institute of Land Fiziks yakatumidzwa O.yu. Schmidt Russian Academy yeScience
- Asteroid (2108) "Otto Schmidt"
- Schmidt Plain muAntarctica
- O. Yu. Schmidt mubairo weSturity Academy yesainzi yebasa rakanakisa resainzi mumunda wekutsvaga nekuvandudza arctic.
- Cape Otto Schmidt - Cape pane Chautka (RF)
- Cape Schmidt - Urban-Type Garairwa pane Chautka (RF)
- Schmidt Avenue muMogilov (Republic of Belarus)
- Schmidt Avenue muCottage Kugadziriswa Nikolina Mountain (OdIntsovo District yeDunhu reMoscow, RF)
- Chikoro Museum "nyaya yekugadzirisa arctic. Mafasi. Schmidt Mou "Gymnasium Kwete." Murmansk (RF)
- Peak O.yu. Schmidt (5954 m) - "Tianshhana Kanchinjung" (inozivikanwa seyekutanga nzvimbo)
- Iyo ice ice projekti 51 "Otto Schmidt" (Kubva 1938, Anastas Mikoyanan, yakabviswa muna 1968)
- Sainzi Tsvaga Icreaker yeiyo Project 97n "Otto Schmidt" (nguva yekuvhiya: Kubva 1979 kusvika 1991).
- Mazita: Oyuschinld (a): "Otto Yulievich Schmidt Oce", Lagshminald (a): "Schmidt Camp pa Ice", Lashshmivar (a), Lashmivar (a): "Schmidt Camp muArctic"
- Bust of.yu. Schmidt muNorth Gungwa Museum (Arkhangellk, RF)
- STAMPS STAMPS 1935, 1966 uye 2001. kusunungurwa.
BHAIBHERI
- 1916 - "Dzidziso Dzakadzidziswa neboka"
- 1926 - "Dialectics uye Science Science: Mienzaniso yekuchinja kwehuwandu hukuru mumhando"
- 1933 - "Dzidziso Dzakadzidziswa neboka"
- 1934 - "Kuferefeta kweArctic muSoviet Union"
- 1936 - "Mabasa edu muna 1936. Chirevo pamusangano wevashandi vepadziri veGlavsevrorti system kuUSSR SCC 13 Jan. 1936 "
- 1944 - "Meteorite dzidziso yekwakabva nyika uye mapuraneti" (Dokl. Chikoro cheSainzi yeUSSR)
- 1947 - "Pamwekangoita Kuti Utore Mudenga ekudenga"
- 1948 - "Dambudziko rekutabata pabasa remiviri mitatu"
- 1949 - "Mavambo epasi nemapuraneti"
- 1957 - "hurukuro ina pane dzidziso yekwakabva nyika"
- 1959 - "Mabasa akasarudzwa. Mathematics "