Biography
Guta rakakura kwazvo reUSA - New York - vane huwandu hwevaridzi vemamiriyoni makumi maviri, pamwe neTroy, Hudson, Albany, Albany, Albany, Albany naHudson uye zita reMosston Iyo inozivikanwa seyenzvimbo yenzvimbo dzeNortheast America neCanada yazvino. Kuwedzera kurwizi, mukuremekedza kukuru kweBritain, kusagadzikana uye bay kunonzi, chiyero chekupedzisira kaviri chinopfuura negungwa reBaltic. Zvekuzvipira kune iyo yaanofarira nyaya, Sir Henry Hudson akabhadhara hupenyu hwake kuna iye Mwanakomana.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Vanyori venhoroondo nevanoyemura veNavigator kuti rwizi ruchazofanira kufonera Hudson, nekuti Hudson, Discours - nziyo dzechikepe, hudhasi Asi kutsikisa kweRussia kwakatendeuka Hudry Hudry Hudson kuna Henry Hudson.
Iyo biography yeiyo muongorori ndeye hafu yakarukwa kubva kune chena mavara, zvisingashamisi, shure kwezvose, Sir Henry aigara muiyo XIZIC Century. Zvinotendwa kuti akaberekerwa muLondon munaGunyana 1570, uye nzira yevaErigaa yaive kutanga Jung.
Vakanga vari vabereki vaHudson, nyaya yacho yakanyarara, sezvaairegere, kana ari iye oga mwana mumhuri kana mukuru wehama nehanzvadzi. Izvo zvinoshandurwa mune imwe: kubva pakutanga kuyaruka uye kusvikira mazuva apfuura, hupenyu hwaHenry hwakabatana negungwa. Jung Doros kuna Kapteni, akanyora zita rayo munhoroondo yevanofamba netsamba dzegoridhe.
Shanduko uye Kutsvaga
Makore mudiki aGoodzon akabatanidza nekutsvaga kunoshanda kweEuropean nekufamba maAmerican kubva kuchamhembe kuburikidza neyechando arctic sea kuti aputse kuAsia. Chipingamupinyi chisingakundiki munzira yeushingi hutsinye hutsinye chando uye zvidhinha zvechando. Asi vatsvene vakatenda kuti zuva, izvo zvisina kusiya matenga ekuchamhembe kwemwedzi mitatu, nyungudusa chando, uye cheni yemakungwa uye nzizi dzinoyerera dziri kuchamhembe kweAmerican nzira inokwanisika kuenda ku Pacific Ocean.
Muna 1607, pamusuwo wekambani yeBritish yekutengesa, yaive neyakajairika kutengeserana neRussia, munhu wekuzvivimbisa ane makore makumi matatu nematatu eKenry Hudson akaoneka. Bhizinesi, iro rakanzi iyo kambani yeMoscow, ndeimwe yevashoma vanogona kunge vaigona kubhova vamambo madiploma uye bhajeti rakasimba. Hudson akati anoziva kusvika kuJapan, achideredza nzira kuburikidza neNorth Pole.
MuLondon, zita romutungamiriri harina kutaura chero chinhu chero chipi zvacho, asi changamire Henry aiziva maitiro ekuita. Kambani iyi yakaratidza chibvumirano chakashinga pasi pekuti siginecha rake richibva rabuda. Asi pane "rupo" izvi zvekambani: Hudson akapedza Chikwereti 80-ton Bark "Tariro" ("Tariro Yakanaka"), kurohwa kwakanaka mukudzvinyirira kumahombekombe eNorth America, uye boka revanhu gumi nevaviri.
Chikepe chakatungamirirwa naHuzzon, muna Chivabvu 1607 kusuwa kubva pamhenderekedzo, uye pakati paJune Gara kusvika kuGreenland. Vhiki remuchera vakafamba nechikepe kuenda kuchamhembe, uye vanosvika madhigirii ekumusoro, vakatendeukira kumabvazuva uye nekupera kwaJune akaona SVEBard Archiporlago. Mushure memavhiki maviri, ngarava yakamira: bofu ichichema chando yakatsvuka isati yadya. Pakati paSeptember, Topyll akadzokera kuchiteshi chake chechikepe.
Henry Hudry haana kuramba njodzi ine njodzi: Muchirimo cha 1608 akatungamira ne "tariro yakanaka" yakaendazve munzira. Panguva ino mukuru wainge watsvaga ndima muchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, kuronga kupfuura kuchamhembe kweEurasia. Mushure mekufamba muhafu yechipiri yaApril uye kukunda miles miles, munaJuly, ngarava yakasvika munzvimbo itsva yepasi. Asi mukati mechirimo, iyo Arctic ice haina kudzoka. Pakupera kwaAugust, "tariro yakanaka" kechipiri yakadzokera kuchiteshi chechinhu chero chipi zvacho.
Kambani yakaramba kubuda kwechitatu kwaisangwirwa nemuongorori. Naizvozvo, mu 1609th changamire Henry akachinja nzvimbo yebasa nekuisa muEast India kambani yaive neDutch. Vakasiyawo nechishuwo chekupinda muAsia nzira pfupi, kuburikidza neArctic. Hudson akaputsa mitemo yenyika yake, achirambidza vakuru veBritain kuti vashande kumakambani ekunze. Henry akafunga nezve nhanho yekuda kwazvo, nekuti aisatenda kumusha kwake.
Iyo yeBritish yakapa chidiki chidiki "halve maen" ("Crescent"), isina kukodzera kuhukura muHarsh Arctic mamiriro ekunze. Ngarava yakasiya Amsterdam's rutari muna Kubvumbi uye yakaedza kubva kuchamhembe kunorova nyika itsva. Bata, kuti vagare muhutachiona, ROFIL, mhepo inobaya nechando, vakashongedza kamuri umo vafambisi vechikepe vaigara. Kapteni akataura achichinja kosi nekutendeukira kumahombekombe eAmerican: Ikoko Hudson kwakaverengerwa kuti vawane ndima yekuenda kuPacific Ocean.
Pakati pezhizha, "Crescent" yakasvika kuNewaticland, yakabva yadyarwa nezasi, kwayakagumburwa pamusoro pesimba rakakura, iro rerwizi rukuru uye razara nemvura. Achifuka mamaira zana nemakumi mashanu, Henry Hudson saka haana kuwana nzira yekuenda kuPacific Ocean.
Iyo inouya autumn yakamanikidza kaputeni uye vashandi kuti vadzokere kuchikepe cheNative. Vari munzira kuenda kuAmsterdam Sir Henry vakatarisa kuEngland. Asi, kuenda kuDartmouth, vakawira mumusungo: The British uyo akatyora Mutemo akarambidzwa kubva munyika, achityisidzira chivanze chebasa pane kambani yeDutch. Sezvo akanzwa kuti ngarava ndeyadzo kambani hombe, iyo Briteni yakaramba lotigation.
Muna 1610, Dutch akapa kodzero dzekuvhura Hudson pamuromo wepasi rwizi, iko kugadziriswa kwekugara pano. Munguva pfupi, kutengeserana nevamiriri vemadzinza eIndia, ayo magirazi ane mapanga akasungwa nematehwe aBobrov pamakona. Asi, kutanga nematehwe, chitsuwa chose chakatsvuka chitsuwa chose chezvinhu zvakasiyana. Kana tikashandura mutengo wezvinhu zvemitengo yazvino, iyo yakawanikwa nyika inodhura madhora mazana manomwe. Kubudirira kwekutengeserana kunoti kukosha kwenyika yechitsuwa cheManhattan Nhasi: $ 49 bhiriyoni
Pakutanga, Dutch neRwizi, uye chitsuwa chinonzi Mhamnhate. Nenguva chete neBay, nehove, uye rwizi rwakatumidza zita revaNavator, uye chitsuwa chakasvika Manhattan. Pashure 200, vana vevarwi vanorondedzerwa mune imwe yebhuku, rwendo rwaKapteni Gatetser kuenda kuchamhembe, asi ipapo basa racho raionekwa sedanda rakanaka, nekuti kufambisa poteni kwakaramba kurota, kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo.
Iyo yakashungurudzika gamba reGamuchristi's Novel North Manl ane simba rekusakundikana, zvakafanana zvakaitika kune vanofamba vachienda kuHuzzon. Muvagari gumi nematanhatu vaLondon veLondon vakashongedzerwa nemushandirapamwe "(" kuvhura "). Basa risati rasvika mutungamiriri akamira zvakafanana: kuti awane imwe nzvimbo yePacific Ocean kubva kuchamhembe-kumadokero. Iyo nzira yemidziyo inopedza kubva pachiteshi cheLondon muna Kubvumbi, yakamhanya kubva kuGreenland Coast. MunaJuly, Henry Hudson akagadzira mupiro kuSainzi, achiwana dambudziko, akatevera ngarava yake kuenda kumadokero.
"Kuwanikwa", kukurira kushushikana, kuzviwana mune yakakurumbira bay. Asi ini ndakanga ndisingakwanise kuwana iyo ndima yemvura yePacific Ocean. Nhasi, kutarisa mepu, vanhu venguva nenguva vanozogutsikana kuti hazvigoneke kuwana kubuda kwegungwa, nekuti hazvisizvo. Asi Sir Henry akaziva nezvazvo, achiongorora chete bay. Iri basa rakatora nguva yakawandisa, mudziyo wakanonoka uye zvakazova mumusungo we chando. Boka rikauya kumahombekombe, vachityora nguva yechando padyo neye labrador chitsuwa.
Chikwata chakapukunyuka chando chakaoma, ndichivimba mumutauro kuti ndidzokere kumba. Asi mukuru wacho akasimbirira pakuenderera mberi kwekuenderera mberi. Bongozozo rakatsemuka pakuwanikwa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Iko hakuna ruzivo nezve hupenyu hwomunhu eChirungu uchifamba. Kuvapo kweMwanakomana waakatora pakubuda kunoratidza uye kuvapo kwemukadzi. Asi ruzivo rwakazvimiririra uye mhuri yaHenry Hubson yakanga isina kuchengetedzwa. Hazvizivikanwe kuti aive nevana, kunze kwemwanakomana achiri kuyaruka, akakandwa kunze neiyo yekuwana timu pamusoro uye yakatemwa kusvika parufu.Rufu
Muzhizha ra 1611, Henry Hudson akazivisa timu, akaoma kupona munguva yechando uye akarota kudzokera kuchiteshi, iyo inoda kuramba ichingoongorora bay. Vashandi vakada kudzokera kuEngland vakaramba kuteerera kaputeni. Bunk yakapera yakapera naSir Henry nemwanakomana wemakore gumi nemashanu ne7 vafambisi vechikepe vakadzika muchikepe ndokuenda mugungwa. Yaive rufu rwekutendeka, nekuti chikafu chakaramba chisina kupa. Kuwanikwa kwakadzokera kuchiteshi.
Zvapupu zveRufu rwaHenry Goodzon Kwete, uye nezvezvikonzero zvekufa kweiyo Navigator inogona kungofungidzira. Zvichida, muongorori ane mwanakomana uye nenhengo dzakatendeka dzechikwata dzakafa nenzara uye kutonhora mumvura yakasiiwa yekuchamhembe. Zvombo zvakasara zvakare. Nhamo yeHudson yakafuridzira muimbi John Ruvara pamufananidzo, anonzi "Rwendo Rwendo Henry Huzon."
Izvo zvinofamba neBritin charatidzika senge, chinogona kuoneka pane inofungidzirwa mufananidzo weHuzzon kubva ku "Encyclopedia yeIniversional nhoroondo" ya 1885. Asi biograph Hudson - Thomas Jevane - Akanyora:
"Chokwadi chekuti chinoratidzwa nemurume uyu mukobvu hachisi Hudson, unogona kuva nechokwadi."Chokwadi chinonakidza nezvehupenyu uye zviitiko zvevakafambi gare gare vakazivisa biographers. Mukutsvagisa uye zvinyorwa zvinotsanangurwa kuti mumwe munhu henry green yave yekukanganisa simba pane kuwanikwa. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti Hudson akazadzisa munhu uyu muimba yake yeLondon, ndokuzobvuma muchikwata, anorembera kubva kukambani.
Green inotarisira nehasha paKaputeni nekuda kweSurpetuka vakafa vakasiya pushkar, avo vaive nemarudzi. Sir Henry Suenry haana kupa kuti akazova huswa hwekupedzisira hwemutyairi, aitambudzwa kwenguva refu "mvura inotambudza" pane chombo. Kana chikepe chine goodzone, mwanakomana wake, mubatsiri wechikepe nevafambisi vengarava vakakanda kupokana kwemugumo, timu yengarava yakamhanyira kuti vatsvage chikafu, vachitenda kuti mutakuri akaiisa. Asi mukabati rake makanga makanga makanga musina mazana maviri emapirita, mamwe furawa nemharadziro dzemabhomba.
Vafambisi vengarava vakadzokera kuchiteshi vakaedzwa: MuBritain for jogodzi pachikepe, vakatya kusungwa. Asi nekuda kweuchapupu hwakavhiringidzika hwevanofungidzirwa kuti hwakapihwa rusununguko. Vakuru vevatambi vekutyaira mune sarudzo yakaratidzwa:
"Kunyange zvakadaro, pane chikonzero chekufunga kuti ivo (vakasara muchikepe) vakadzika mumhenderekedzo zvakachengeteka muGulf vaJakobho uye vakagara mamwe mwedzi yakawanda kana makore mazhinji, kusvikira rufu, kusvikira rufu.Vasungwa vanofonera aya mitsara yakaedzwa kuzviongorora: Hapana munhu uye asina kumboitika chikepe kana chisara cheHudson uye vafambisi vechikepe vakawanikwa.
Pamusoro peBritish, North America yakaverengerwa naJohn Kabot, Scot Alexander Mackenzie uye Frenchman Jacques Cartier. Kubudirira kwavo kwainyanya kukosha.
Ndangariro
- Zita raHudson igungwa bay, vhura neanofamba.
- Goodzonov Strait yakazova musuwo weArctic kuti nhumbi dzose dziite tsvaga yekutsvaga yekumaodzanyemba kubva kuAtlantic Ocean.
- Mukuremekedza Henry Huruzoni, zvimwe zvinhu zvega zvega zvinonzi: Rwizi, Hudson County muNew Jersey, Bridge muNew York, Guta muNew York.
- Hukry Hudson, pamwe nezvimwe nhengo dzevashandi dzakadzingwa kubva muchikepe, rakaonekwa sehunhu muBasa reWashington Irving "Rip van Winkle".