Biography
Nyanzvi dzeNorway dzeNorway yedzimba dzePolar roal Amununsen ndiye akabatwa zvinhu zvakawanda zvinhu uye nzira. Muna 1911, akasvika padanda rekumaodzanyemba kwePasi, uye akabva apeta nzira kusvika kumagumo enzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba hemisphere. Sezvo apedza kubuda mumahombekombe eSiberia padhuze neSiberia "Yoa mufambi weScandinavhiHudu uye Vechidiki
Rouel Ecelbreggg Engraving amununsen akaberekwa musi waChikunguru 16, 1872 muguta reNorway reborg. Biography yemhuri yake yaisanganisira zvakawanda zvinonakidza chokwadi nezvekwakabva nepfuma yemadzitateguru.
Nhoroondo yeiyo genundo yakatanga muXvii century ine vamiriri venzvimbo yeVarombo veCananyinavian Isle yeAsmali. Ipapo nhengo dzechikuru dzegondo dzakatamisirwa kuMainland uye panguva yekuonekwa kwerulala navanun'una vake Jens ul Antoni, leon vaive neThe Osodhi neOslo-FJord Coast.
Baba venguva yemberi yetemberi emaystem emayundsen vakawana mamiriro ekudya kwekudya panguva yechi 1853-1856 muCaucasus uye pane vekutakurika kubva kuChina kuenda kuCuba.
Amai Rulala, Hannah Henrik Gusteva Salquist, aive mwanasikana wemukuru wetsika wemunharaunda uyo aiverengera vana uye kurera vana. Makirasi emurume haana kuda mukadzi wechidiki, uye akaisa nhare yakanyanya kuchengetedza vana kubva kuenderera mberi kweimwe nyaya yemhuri. Kuedza kwaHana Kwakanyangarika Chipo, uye vaviri vana vari muhudiki vakaita zvigaro zvevabhizimusi uye kutengeserana, nepo vamwe vakatsaurira hupenyu hwebasa remauto nerwendo.
Muchiitiko chechizvarwa chidiki, chikamu chikuru chakatorerwa nenzira yekudzidzisa Baba, vaishuvira kubva ndichiri vadiki kuti vadzidzise vanakomana mukunetseka kwemuviri uye nepartan mamiriro. Kubva achiri mudiki, ruhal mune yekambani yehama dzehama uye vakomana vakavakidzana vanoita zveGymnastics, vakafamba pamusoro peSkis uye vakatora mitezo mumigwagwa uye scuffle.
Kuve nehunhu hwekuzvitutumadza uye kwakazvimirira, muongorori mune ramangwana haana kuteerera kuvadzidzisi uye akasara kuseri kwevaridzi vari muchidzidzo chezvinhu zvakadzama. Izvo zvakasvika padanho rekuti akapedza kudzidza kubva kune vamwe uye nekunetseka akagamuchira gwaro riri panoperera chikoro.
Pakafa Baba 1886, Ruhal amented kuti raamai kunyengetedza uye akatamira guru kupinda zvokurapa mano University of Christiania. Neimwe nzira akatarisa padhipatimendi rekugadzirira, Amundo akaramba kudzidza zvimwe zvidzidzo uye muna 1893 pakupedzisira akasiya basa rechiremba. Panguva ino, Hana akafa, uye hapana chaigona kuchengeta jaya rakasimba kubva mukuita kwakadaro.
Kunzwa kwerusununguko kwakasviba kufarira kufamba, kutsigirwa nekuziva nenhoroondo yehupenyu hwechirungu chakafamba naJohn Franklin. Nekubvumirwa kwechiuto chechiuto chekurapa, chiremba akakundikana akaenda ku ski trek pane ndiro yaKharrardDd, uye akabva apinda mudziyo wehove mutariro wekuwana zita rekutora ngarava rekufamba flitator.
Kugadzirira kushambira, Amunsen akashanyira hurukuro yePolar Muongorori Evin Auttrap uye akasarudza kusimbisa hupenyu hwake hwekutsvaga nzvimbo dzisina kuvharwa muGlobal. Kekutanga, akaedza kujoina kubuda kwenyika kwaFranz Joseph, akatorwa neChirungu Geologist Frederick Jackson, asi nekuda kwekushaikwa kwechiitiko, akagamuchira kuramba.
Shanduko uye Kutsvaga
Muna 1896, Amundsen, uyo akagamuchira zita rekufamba, rakaenda nerwendo rwekutanga kuenda kuSouthern Magnetic Pole muChinyorwa cheBelgian Muenzi weBeldi Varidzi veNavigators kuti vasvike kuAntarctica uye, vachisiya nhengo ina dzechikwata kwechando kuti vatore data, dzokera kuRio de Janeiro.
Mushure mekupindirana kweMagollanov, matanho akatambudza akazova munhu wekutanga wakaita su ski mumahombekombe eTu Hamk, uye pamwechete nevamwe nhengo dzechikwata vakapedza mwedzi gumi nemiviri pane imwe nguva yechando nguva yechando kumadokero kwegungwa rekumaodzanyemba kwegungwa rekumaodzanyemba.
Mumazuva ekugara muchando, Ruhal ndiye akatanga kusona kwenguvo dzinodziya kubva kumativi ematehwe uye akaronga nhumbi dzeboka, kubata chitunha uye penguin kubva mumvura. Nekutsigirwa kwechikepe cheFredema's ngarava, A. Cook amunden akaedza kudzivisa kudzikama uye kuora kwepfungwa kwevatori vechikamu, asi Zherlas haana kukoshesa kuedza kwenzasi, uye kupokana nemudziyo wekufamba-famba.
Maererano nemirairo yeNational Reologic Sangano, murume weBelgian Renyika, asi, maererano neNorway, na 1897, Brazda yeBhuronzi yeAntarctic Mission yakamuwira zvizere. Kufunga nezvekuponeswa kwevanhu kwesangano risingabatsiri, Ruhal akabatsira kaputeni kuunza chikepe kubva kuchikepe, uye musi waNovember 5, 1899 vashandi vakanyatsoiswa muAntwerp.
Mushure meizvozvo, mutambi wekubuda kweBelgian akagara kuGermany uye akatanga kudzidza geophysics uye nhoroondo yezvakaitika muNorth-Western ndima. MuHamburg, Ruhal akajairana nemukuru wechero weCommaratory Georg Numayer, iyo muvambi we meteorology naHenrik monom uye polar muongorori furotheof.
Mukutonga kwavo muna 1901, iyo yeNorway yakawana iyo yakakura yacht yacht "Yoa" uye mushure mekushandisa zvekare zvakatanga kugadzirira kwekukunda kweArctic Ocean. Chikepe chakafamba nechikepe kubva kumahombekombe muna June 1903 uye munaSeptember vakatanga chitsuwa muArctic Archipelago yeCanada. Mukati megore rechipiri, nhengo dzevashandi dzakasimudza hukama neEskimos uye kaviri yakagadzirwa kukwira kuimba yekuchamhembe kwenzvimbo yekuchamhembe kwepasi.
Muna 1906, mushure mekumira pachitsuwa cheHechcher, Amindysenhos akadzokera kuhurumende uye aigamuchira nyika nekureurura kwekunyengera kweNorth-Western Maritime ndima. Mushumo wekufamba wakakonzera mhinduro dzekunakidzwa dzeEuropean uye dzaunza muongorori remuchinjiko hombe rekurongeka kweSt. Olaf uye nhengo dzekurumbidza munharaunda yeRussia yeRussia.
Pasina kumira pane zvakange zvasvikwa, mutongi akave nhengo inoshingairira redzinza redzinza, asi akatadza kutenderedza Robert Piri uye Frederick Cook, apo kubuda kwenzvimbo yeNorst
Mushure meizvozvo, Amundo akasarudza kuchinja nhungamiro uye akaronga rwendo rwekupokana kwepasi. Bhizinesi rakafanana rakaitika mumusoro uye kaputeni weRoyal Fleet weGreat Britain - kuti muongorore Robert Scott, uyo akaita kuti ave nemwedzi mishoma.
Nekuda kwesangano rinozivikanwa rekubuda uye kutongwa kwedoned pane imbwa, kwakatongwa neboka remusasa weFramende muWhale Bay uye December 14, 1911 Kuedza kwechipiri kwakauya kuSouth South Pole Yenyika.
Sezvo rwendo rweMudyosen rwainge rwakanyanya musainzi mune zvakasikwa, vaongorori vakadzokorora kuronga kwenzvimbo, vachishandisa gweta rakavanzika uye nzvimbo yekunyepedzera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mune matatu mamaira ari mamaira mashoma kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, mavara uye zvivakwa zvine zvinhu zvevazukuru zvinosara.
Mune rimwe rematende rakashongedzwa nemireza yeNorway uye framheim, ivo vanokunda vaAntarctica vakaiswa chiratidzo chechikwata cheRobert Scott, icho chakati vabati uye zvachose kuramba vachiwana kukunda kwenzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba. nhamba 2.
Vari munzira yekudzoka, vaongorori vepolar vakashandisa gadziriro yakarongwa uye, vachisiya ngirozi dzeWhale Bay, vakaedza kudzokera kuMainland nekukurumidza. Nzira yacho yaiperekedzwa nekunyudzwa uye kujekesa hukama pakati penhengo dzechikwata, uye mukupedzisira ivo vaisagona kuburitsa zvavaiona, sezvinoita maApundsen akabata kopi yerudzi pachine nguva.
Nekudaro, kusvika 1912, Norwegian aisavimba nekuvhura kwake. Uye kunyangwe munharaunda wepasi rose waiziva kubudirira uye kunokanganisa kune sainzi, kushomeka kweWesta paScott Expression yakadyarwa kusahadzika mumasaini uye vaongorori.
Ruzivo rweBritish rwakaonekwa rwakanyorwa neAmununsen vakanyora bhuku nezvekubuda kwake uye vakaita hurukuro muEurope neUnited States. Nekuda kwesangano rakaipa, nhengo dzeRobert nezvimwe nhengo dzechikwata dziri munzira dzakaurayiwa kubva panzara uye Frostbite, zvichisiya diaries dzakasimbiswa nemutyairi wemutyairi.
Mumakore akazotevera, rwendo rweNorway mukuchera marara uye mushure memagariro akati wandei pane geography, metelology, nedzimwe rondedzero yeEurope uye akafungisisa zvirongwa kuti akunde matanda nemhepo. Nezveizvi, Amundsen akawana hydroplanes, akagamuchira rezinesi rekutyaira uye muna 1925 iye akaisa nzvimbo yeGreenland nharaunda uye neAerkwe "neNorway chikamu cheCanetis Maawa makumi manomwe nemaviri emazuva ese nguva.
Hupenyu Hwako
Sekureva kweruzivo rwepamutemo, Amunzivi, zvakatsaurirwa kushanduka uye kutsvakwa, hakuna mukadzi kana vana. Asi muDhiary, rakabudiswa muna 1990, rumwe ruzivo nezvehupenyu hwepamweya hwekunyengera kwekuchamhembe-kumadokero pashure uye danda rekumaodzanyemba kwenyika dzakachengetedzwa. Mariri, mufambi akataura nezve hukama nevakadzi vatatu vakaroora: Karbrog Sigrid, Cristina Elizabeth Bennett neBess Magrids.
Muchitendero akatanga kusangana muna 1909 uye mukati mechiRoma makore 4 okukura akakumbira kusiya mukadzi wake uye kupinda muwanano yakadzokororwa. Mukadzi haana kuramba chikumbiro, asi haana kutora chisarudzo chekupedzisira, saka vanoda vakamira kusangana uye muna 1913 hukama hwakatanga zvachose.
Mukadzi wechidiki wemubatiri wechiRungu aigara achishanyira Norway panguva kubva muna 19122 kusvika 1925 akava rudo rwechipiri rwaRula. Amundsen akapa maoko ake nemoyo kune runako uye kusati kwaterera nguva dzose, akawana estate muWestkoga.
Mukadzi wekupedzisira Amunsen akasangana achifamba pamusoro pekucheka madhiri muna 1922. Canadian yeUkray yakatanga yakafadzwa nokuonekwa kweiyo kuoneka kweNorway uye akabvuma kumuchato, asi mubatanidzwa uyu hauna kufanirwa kuitika nekuda kwekufa kweanoramba muna 1928.
Uye zvakare, iyo mufananidzo mufananidzo waRukchi vasikana vari kubata uye Camilla, uyo akazobvuma Amundenso uye akagadziriswa mumhuri yekwaMariniya Hama yake Leon.
Rufu
Muna 1928, Amundsen, nerutsigiro rwehurumende yeItaly neNorway veNorway, vakaenda kunotsvaga aimbova polar yekuchengetedza omubile.
PaSeaplane, vakarendira nemauto eFrance, Ruhal akabhururuka akananga kuzvitsuwa zveSpitsbergen Archipelago, uye mushure meawa 2 maminitsi makumi mana nemashanu, kubatana naye kwakapindirwa.
Pashure penguva yakati, kupaza kwekununura kwakawana kuparara kwendege, asi muviri wechitoroi wachiwana. Zuva rerufu rweAmundysen rakaziviswa muna June 18, 1928.
Mufananidzo weiyo polarist wakawedzera zviyeuchidzo nezviitiko, uye zviitiko zvine chekuita nekufa kwakaipa kweiyo Norwegian yaive yakavakirwa paFirimu Mikhail Kalatoova "Red Tent".
Ndangariro
- Chirangaridzo Museum yeRual Amundens muUranieneboard estate muWestSkoga, Norway
- Zvinhu zveGeographic:
- Gungwa AnNunsen
- Mount Amunzivs
- Amunsen Glacier
- Amunsen Bay
- Kotlovan Amundo
- Amunsen-Scott Polar Station