Biography
Foroof Nansen - Inwegian Muongorori uye mufambi, musayendisiti uye vanhu veruzhinji. Akapinda muCopenhagen International Council yekufunda makungwa uye yakapihwa mubairo weObel Preace. Nanen akauya neTekinoroji yekuverenga iyo mimwe mitengo inoyerera kubva mumudziyo mukudhira, yakagadziridza huwandu hwakaringana uye barometer. Akatungamira anoshanda zviitiko zvemagariro uye aive pakati pevaponesi evanonunura volga Volga mudunhu muna 1921. VaNavigator vakatangawo mutongo wevapoteri muGeneva, iyo muna 1938 yakapihwa mubairo wenyika.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Norwechi yakazvarwa yeNorway yakazvarwa padyo neiyi Oslo muOctober 10, 1861. Ipapo guta rakanzi Cristia. Midzi yemuti wemhuri yake inotungamira kumatani. Muzana ramakore rechi 17, madzitateguru eNanenen akatamira kuNorway. Semwana, mukomana aigara mumanor waBaba Fren. Mubereki wake aive gweta rakabudirira. Vana vatatu vakarererwa mumhuri: Alexander naJinar hama nehama Sista Sigrid.
Nansenov aive nechirango uye kurongeka mumutengo. Kuda kwemitambo kwakapihwa Mwanakomana kubva paudiki, uye kunyanya amai vakabatsira izvi. Kubva pamakore maviri, furoof yakatove kusimuka, uye mu15 akazova azere uye asingagumi mutambi mu Ski Makwikwi. Chokwadi chinonakidza: Muna 1877, Nanen akaisa nhoroondo yenyika mumakwenzi ekumusoro ari kure kweiyo 1st mamaira. Kwapera gore, akava mhirizhonga yenyika mu ski racing. Kumashure kwemapfudzi mutambi aive gumi nemaviri emakwikwi akadaro.
Middle Dzidzo Nanenen akagashirwa mumitambo yekurovedza muviri. Baba vaida kuti Mwanakomana asarudze basa rakakura, pamwe, kuenderera mberi nemhosva yake. Naizvozvo, kusimbirira ku furoof kuendesa magwaro kuchikoro chemauto. Kuva nemutsa, jaya raitoda kupenda, asi sainzi yake yakakwezvwa. Haana kuenda kuna baba vake, vakatora zvinyorwa kubva pachikoro uye ndapinda muyunivhesiti yeChristian, kusarudza kudzidza vezvezviziro.
Chikafu chinofarira kuziva nyika, saka nemakore makumi maviri kumashure kwemapfudzi emurume akavezwa aive nemwedzi 4-mwedzi kushambira muArctic Ocean. Sechikamu chedzidzo yebuology, furofo yakafamba pamusoro pechikepe pakati pechando, vachidzidza zvezvisimbiso.
Iko kusekerera nemabhuku uye hunyanzvi hweNanen zvakapfuurira: Verenga mitambo yaHenric ibsen uye nhetembo dzaIshe Baron. Jaya raiziva Chirungu, mitauro yechiFrench neGerman. Akatangawo kutora zvidzidzo.
Shanduko uye Kutsvaga
Rwendo rwekutanga rwakapa kufarira kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo nyowani muongorori uye vakatumira zviitiko zvaro mumubhedha maakaitwa. Muna 1883, furoof akagamuchira diploma uye kugadzwa kuBergen Museum, kwaakava mutambi weDhipatimendi reZological. Aive nemakore makumi maviri nemasere. Muna 1884, Nanen akayambuka mumwechete kuburikidza nemakomo kubva kuBergen kuenda kuChiita, uye wakunda mukwikwidzi wekusvetuka muHusybu. Kwapera gore, muongorori ane zvido zvendarira akawana menduru yakabikwa yebasa iri pane huroo uye anatomy ye mysess.
Kubva 1885 kusvika 1886, Nanen akashanda kuYunivhesiti yeParma, pamwe chete muNaples paEuropean yekutanga yechiBiological station. Mumwe murume wechidiki akatopihwa menduru yegoridhe yedzidziso yehumambo yesainzi yekutsvaga, yaakatungamira nekudzidza kusarongeka kwematombo ematare. Nenguva isipi musayendisiti wepamhepo akagamuchira degree rechiremba rebasa iri.
Chimwe chezvinangwa zvakakosha zveMuongorori panguva ino yaive shanduko kuburikidza neGreenland Ice Plateau uye kupindirana kwenzvimbo kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumadokero. Izvo zvaipesana neyakajairwa kwekuda kweshure kumadokero, iyo yakabatwa. Dzvanya wanga uchiita peres, uye nanen yaive yakarongedzwa midziyo, ichiva nekuwedzera kwekubuda. Paive nevanotsigira, iyo yakapa mari shoma yemushandirapamwe. Uye chikamu chemitengo chakadzorerwa kune iyo yakatengeswa goridhe menduru, kutsiva kweiyo yaive bronze dzokorora.
Pamusoro wedzinza raive Nansen pachake. Akakoka naye Otto sverdruup, nyanzvi yekupona uye nyanzvi yekupona, pamwe nekativi reOlaf Ditrichson neChristian Crana, murume weChristian naChiara Samuel Balt. Vashanu vakashinga vakaenda parwendo kuburikidza neScotland, uye ipapo Iceland.
Pane imwe nguva kumabvazuva kweGreenland, boka racho rakwira pamusoro pechando 20 kubva pamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Iyo nzvimbo iyo iyo nzira iyo yaive isina kudzidza, uye vanhu vaifanira kudhonza hartive ivo pachavo. Vafambi vaibata chando, apo tembiricha yakadonhedza kusvika - 40 c. ichisiya nenzira yakatarwa musi waChikunguru 17, 1888, timu yakasvika kwairi kuenda muna Gumiguru.
Vafambi vanowedzera 660 km yeGreenland ice. Vakava vekutanga pachinhu ichi, vachiunganidza ruzivo rwesainzi uye mamiriro ekunze. Muna 1890 uye 1891, Nanen akapa mabhuku maviri nezvekwainobuda: "Kubhururuka kuburikidza neGreenland" uye "hupenyu hwaEskimos."
Pfungwa inotevera yeFurofofa yakazova kutonyanya kuve nengozi. Muongorori akafunga kuseta nzira inoenda kuNorth Pole. Nanen akazvimiririra akagadzira ngarava inonzi "Fram". Ngarava yaifanirwa kupa panguva yekudzora uye chando kumanikidzwa, kupfuudza nepakati pekuchengetwa kwenyika kusvika kuNovsibirsk Islands, uye timu yaive ichidonha muchikepe.
Iyo Royal Yenzvimbo Yenzvimbo yeGreat Britain yakatsoropodza chirongwa chechikepe. Paramende yeNorway yakagoverwa mubatsiri wezvinyorwa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu, zvisungo zveNanen kuti vatore timu kubva kuNorwaygians. Chikamu chemari chakatorwa pamusoro pevatengesi: Oscar Dickson akapa zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, Eduard toll akaronga zvigadziko zvebetsero kuNovsibirsk Islands. Kuraswa kwechikwata kwakapa makumi matatu nemashanu ekutyaira imbwa. Vanotsigira mushandirapamwe wekambani "Kedbury" uye "knor", ayo zvigadzirwa zvechikwata zvakanamatira usati watumirwa.
Musi waJune 24, 1893, vanhu gumi nevaviri vari pasi pemurairo weNanen vakapfuurira neprovince, vaifanira kunge vakakwana kwemakore mashanu, uye nehuwandu hwemafuta hwakakwana kwemakore matanhatu ekukurumidza. Yevasungwa mazana matanhatu, vanhu gumi nevaviri vakaitika muchikwata. Paanopfuura nepakati pekumusoro kweSiberia, pasina kusvika kuzvitsuwa, Forofo akatora nzira kuchamhembe uye nekupera kwaGunyana "Fram" yakadonhedza muchando.
Kubva padanda revafambi, chinhambwe chinguva chidiki chakaparadzaniswa kupfuura musayendisiti akarongwa. Fueroof akafunga kuita kupaza uye muAmberi Yalmar Johansen akananga kwaunoda kuenda. Basa racho rakazova rakaoma. Vanotsvagurudza vakadzokera shure uye vakachinja kutungamira kunyika kuPranz Joseph. Chikwata hachina kusvika padanda, asi zvaive pedyo naye vese vachienzanisa nevamwe vaongorori.
Mushure memwedzi mitatu, varume vacho vaive pasi pano Franz Josefa, kwavakapona munguva yechando mune duguut kubva pamatehwe emhuka nemabwe. Mamiriro ekunze akajeka, matambudziko ekuvapo munharaunda isina kuchinjirwa airatidza kugona kwemasayendisiti kuti ajairire uye kupona. Muzhizha ra1896, "mudziyo" wemhepo wakawanikwa, izvo zvakaendesa vafambi mu vardo mushure memushandirapamwe wemakore matatu. "Fram" yakasvika imba svondo gare gare.
Nanen haana kungovakira trajector yeiyo yekudhira, asi zvakare yakapa mupiro wakakura kuSainzi, kuunganidza data pane geography yeiyo nzvimbo, mamiriro ekunze uye nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo dzemukati uye gungwa. Chigadzirwa chitsva cheinjiniya chakaitwa kubva mumushandirapamwe uyu, icho chakava choto chinokwanisa kupisa nzvimbo mumamiriro ekuputika. Yakagadzirwa neNansen pachake.
Zviwanikwa zvakawanikwa furohof zvakawedzera zviitiko zvacho. Akava OceanoGher. Makore akati wandei akasara pakugadziriswa kweruzivo rwunowanikwa mukubuda. Kubva pasi penzvimbo yePeni yakaburitsa bhuku racho rakaburitsa bhuku racho "" Fram "muGungwa rePolong, iro rakabva ratenderwa kumitauro yekune dzimwe nyika. Basa racho rakabudiswa pasi pezita rakasiyana - "munyika ye ice neusiku." Runyoro rwakadzokorora kudzokorora.
Pakati pekushandurwa kwakazotevera kweyekutsvaga kwaive rwendo kuenda kuSallebard uye kuwanda pamuromo wemuromo weRwizi rweLena. Akaunganidzwawo pa "Fram" kumushandirapamwe weAntarctic, asi, vanorwara, vakapiwa muchikepe nekutopa mazinysen muna 1905. Fueroof akafambawo kuburikidza neTrans-Siberian Highway. Kubva musi wa 198thth mufambi wakatora chikamu mukugadziriswa kwekubuda kweiyo antarctic, iyo yakarongwa kuti iitirwe mumiririri.
Syanzvi yesainzi Fuloof Tansen yakasanganiswa nezviitiko zveveruzhinji. Muna 1906, akava mumiriri weNorway muUK uye akabata iyi post 2 makore. Muhondo yenyika yekutanga, muongorori aive chinzvimbo chimwe chete muUnited States, uye kubva 1920s kwemakore maviri ndiye aive mutungamiriri weCommissioner yeChibvumirano chendudzi. Akashanda nezvinhu zvevasungwa vehondo kubva kuUSSR. Muna 1921, Oceanograph akasika kubatsirwa "nerubatsiro rweNanen", izvo zvakapa rutsigiro rwekunyepa munharaunda yeViga yeViga panzvimbo yepasi rose yerudzi rwedzvuku.
Nanen aive akavimbika aive nehukama neBolshevik kufamba uye kuvaka kweUSSR.
Hupenyu Hwako
Wawakaroorana naye eva ayoramana airidza basa rakakura mune rakazara biography ye fogrodfa nanen. Mufambi akatora mwanasikana wevakakurumbira zoologist uye mupristi Mikael sfus muna 1868. Musikana uyu aive muimbi wemuchina uye muridzi weanonakidza mezzo-soprano. Akaimba rerudo, anofarira hunyanzvi uye aida skiing. Evha ndeayo yekugadzirwa kwechikadzi yechikadzi yekugeza.
Hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwemufambi hwakatanga nemufaro. Aida mukadzi wake uye akazvipinza mukutsaurirwa kwe "frama" pamberi pekubuda kwakakosha muna 1892. Eva akamirira kudzoka kwemumwe mukadzi. Paakanga ari pakusimuka, mukadzi akazvara mwanasikana. LV LV LV LIVION takaona baba vatove nemakore matatu ezera. Iye murume achiri kusavapo, Eva aivakirwa mukusika, uye basa rake rakabudirira. Mukuremekedza vakadzi vaanoda, Nanen anonzi 2 Zvitsuwa zvepasi Franz Joseph. Pashure pacho, zvakazoitika kuti ichi chitsuwa, uye nhasi anonzi Evas.
Pashure pe898, vana vana vakaoneka mumhuri yeNanenen: isinganzwisisike uye OSMUND, Core naErmel. Murudo uye kuwirirana nevasanangurwa vavo, furocho akararama kusvika 1907. Eva akafa munguva iyo Nanen yakashanda semumiriri muUK. Anodzokororwa sainzi akaroora muna1919. Mudiwa wake akava Sigrun munte.
Rufu
Mazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwe OceanoGher furoof Nandenen akasangana murunyararo nerunyararo mu estate yake Lusaka anotevera kuOslo. Masayendisiti akatambura makore akati wandei kubva kumatambudziko neiyo nguva yemwoyo, iyo yaive yakakonzera rufu.
Nanen akafa, achitamba pane veranda aine muzukuru wake. Muongorori akazadzwa nekuparadza muviri wake uye kubvisa guruva pamusoro peOslo fjord, iyo yakaitwa nehama nehama nehama.
Ndangariro
Nhasi, chifananidzo kune yakakurumbira Oceanograph iri mune yakakura lane Lane. Iko kune chivakwa chemuRussia International Red Cross, saka chifananidzo chakashanduka kusanzwisisika munzvimbo ino. Kuvhurwa kweiyo svutugadzike kwakaitika muna 2004 uye kwakaitwa nguva kusvika kuZimbabwe kweGungwa rezvinyorwa pakati peRussia neNorway.
Mifananidzo yemuongorori ikozvino yabudiswa mumabhuku uye zvinyorwa. Vanogona kuoneka mumamuseum uye paInternet. Mukukudza kweSealanograph, iyo UN High Commissioner mubairo wezita rakatumidzwa, iro rinopihwa gore rimwe nerimwe.
BHAIBHERI
- 1904 - "MuArth North"
- 1915 - "Kunyika yeramangwana"
- 1928 - "Pakati pezvisimbiso uye mapuranga emapuranga"
- 1937 - "Kubhururuka neGreenland"
- 1937 - "Hupenyu hweEskimos"
- 1956 - "Fram" muGungwa rePolong "