Biography
Zita musayendisiti German yakazara Max Carl Ernst Ludwig Planck. Kwemakore mazhinji mumutsara, aive mumwe wevatungamiriri vechiGerman nzanga yechiGerman. Iye ane iyo yekutanga kuvhurwa kweiyo quantum hypothesis. Iyo Physicist yakadzidza iyo thermodynamics, theory yeQuQua uye inopisa radiation. Basa resayenzi rinoigadzira iyo muvambi wehuwandu hwehuwandu. Mumwe wevashoma akatsunga kudzivirira maJuda panguva yeNazi muGermany. Kusvikira pakupera kwemazuva, kururika sainzi yakatendeka uye kwakazviita kusvikira hutano hwakabvumidzwa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Max plongock akaoneka musi waApril 23, 1858 muguta reKiel. Madzitateguru ake aive kubva mukunaka kwekare. Sekuru vake (Gottlieb Jakob Planck) Dzidzisai dzidziso kuYunivhesiti yeGöttingen.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoMax Wilhelm Planque Baba igweta uye purofesa wemutemo kuYunivhesiti yeKiel. Akaroora kaviri. Vana vaviri vakaoneka mumuchato wekutanga. Kechipiri nguva yaakaroora amai max emma Pettssig, muwanano yaakazvarwa nevana vashanu. Aibva kumhuri yevafundisi uye kumusangano naWilhelm, puranga aigara muguta reGirefswald.
Kusvika makore gumi, Max aigara muKiel. Muna 1867, baba vake vanogamuchira kokero kune purofesa kuYunivhesiti yeMunich, uye mhuri inoenda kuguta reBavaria. Pano mukomana anopiwa kuMaximiyerijumhi Gymnasium, kwaanonyorwa mumapoka evadzidzi vakanaka kwazvo vekirasi.
Simba guru pane chevechidiki poronga inopa mudzidzisi wemasvomhu herman Muller. Achadzidza kubva kwaari kekutanga kuti chii mutemo wekuchengetedza simba. Max anoratidza brilliant yemasvomhu data. Makirasi mune yekurovedza muviri yakachengetedzwa mukati inofarira sainzi, kunyanya kudzidza kwemitemo yechisikigo.
Vamwe vana vana veProgred yaive mimhanzi. Akaimba nzungu dzevakomana, dzakatamba zvishandiso zvakati wandei uye ndikashanda zvakanyanya pamusoro peiano. Pane imwe nguva akadzidza dzidziso yemimhanzi uye akaedza kunyora, asi yakazoitika kuti mutambi aisashanda kunze. Nekupedza kudzidza, iyo plank yakatoita kare kupindwa muropa.
Mujaya hwake, aida kuzvipira kumimhanzi, achiva pianist. Akarota zvekuita zvidzitiro, airatidza kufarira kwazvo fizikisi nemasvomhu. Semhedzisiro, max akasarudza Sayenzi yechokwadi uye akapinda muYunivhesiti yeMunich. Kuva mudzidzi, haasiye mimhanzi. Aigona kuonekwa achifunga nezve nhengo muchechi mudzidzi. Akatungamira chorusi kadiki uye akaitisa ne orchestra.
Baba vanopa zano max kuti vatendeukire kuna purofesa Philippe von zholy kuti vamubatsire kuzviisa muchidzidzo chevanodzidza. Iye purofesa anokurudzira mudzidzi kuti arambe pfungwa iyi, sezvazviri, mumaonero ake, sainzi iyi iri pedyo nekupera. Zvinoenderana naye, hapana chitsva chakawanikwa kare kumirira, kutsvagisa kukuru kunoitwa.
Nekudaro, iyo placcker haina kukanda mapfumo pasi. Haade zvawakawanikwa, anoda kufunga nezvezvakadzokororwa kwedzidziso yemuviri uye angada kuzvidzora kana zvichikwanisika. Mudzidzi anotanga kuenda kutaurwa pane muyedzo wekuedza eWilhelm von betz. Pamwe chete nePurofesa Firipi, iyo von zvigadzirwa zvinoitisa chidzidzo pane kufarirwa kweplatinum yehydrogen. Max anogona kuoneka mumakirasi mumateereri evateereri veMapurofesa - masvomhu Ludwig Zeel uye Gustav Bauer.
Mushure mekuzivana nevanotarisirwa physicist, Hermann Helmholz, iyo ndege iri kuenda kuChikoro muBerlin University. Anoshanyira hurukuro yemasvomhu Karl Weierross. Iye anodzidza basa remafundisi ezvibereko uye Gustav kigoff, rinozvitora ivo pachavo kuti vateerere muenzaniso wekutevedzera zvinhu zvakaoma. Mushure mekunyadziswa nemabasa aRudolph clazius pane dzidziso yekudziya, inosarudza nhungamiro itsva yekutsvaga - thermodynamics.
Sainzi
Muna 1879, purogiramu inogamuchira danho rachiremba mushure mekudzivirira iyo thisis pane yechipiri musimboti weTermidynamics. Mubasa rake, iyo Physicist inoratidza kuti nekuita kwekuzvisimbisa, kupisa hakuendeswa kubva kune inotonhora muviri kuenda kune inodziya. Gore rakatevera, anonyora rimwe basa pane thermodynamics uye anogamuchira iyo post yemubatsiri weJunior muFizikisi Faculty kuYunivhesiti yeMunich.Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoMuna 1885, purofitiri inova purofesa adjunct kuYunivhesiti yeKiel. Zvidzidzo zvake zvakatotanga kumuunzira mugove muchimiro chekuzivikanwa kwenyika dzese. Mushure memakore matatu, musayendisiti anokokwa kuYunivhesiti yeBerlin, kwaanenge ariwo pachinzvimbo cheAdjunct purofesa. Pamwe chete neizvi zvinogashira iyo post yemutungamiriri weInstitute of theoretical fizikisi. Muna 1892, Max Planck anova purofesa chaiwo.
Mushure memakore mana, musayendisiti anotanga kuita mukutsvagisa radiation. Pamufungo wenzira, Electromagnic Radiation haigoni kuenderera mberi. Izvo zvinoenda neimwe huwandu hwehuwandu, hukuru hwenhengo iyo inoenderana neiyo yakafadzwa frequency. Max Planck anobvisa iyo Energy kugovera Fomuula mune iyo Mhedziso Yevatema Mutengo Muviri Spectrum.
MunaDecember 1900, phepferiki pamusangano weBerlin Academy of Science of of of of of of of of of of Yahwevhusiko uye inopa kutungamira kutsva - nhamba yehuwandu. Yakatotevera gore, yakavakirwa pane formula yePlank, kukosha kweiyo boltzmann's nguva yekugara yakaverengerwa. Bar inokwanisa kuwana iyo inogara ichidzivirira avo vanodziya - iyo nhamba yeatomu mune imwe mall, uye sainzi inoisa iyo yekubhadhara kukosha kwe emagetsi ane hunyanzvi hwekujeka.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoAlbert Einstein akazobatsira kusimbisa huwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu.
Muna 1919, musayendisiti Max Plank anogamuchira mubairo weNobel we 1918 nekuda kwekuvhurwa kwesimba renzvimbo uye kuvandudzwa kwefizikiki.
Muna 1928, anozorora, asi anoramba achibatana nekambani yeane sainzi yakakosha kaiser wilhelm. Mushure memakore maviri, iyo Nobel Laureate inova mutungamiri wake.
Chitendero uye Uzivi
Chirongwa cheMax chakarererwa mumudzimu wekuLutheran, uye nguva dzose pakutanga nderekodzero yechitendero. Pese paakataura munamato wekudya kwemasikati. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kubva 1920 uye kusvika pakupera kwehupenyu hwaishanda semuchenjerera.
Masayendisiti aive achipesana nekubatana kwesainzi nechitendero. Mukutoro kwake, nyeredzi, theosophy, zvemweya uye zvimwe zvekunamata zvakauya. Panguva imwe chete, akatenda kuti sainzi nechitendero zvakaenzana mukukosha kwavo.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoRuzivo rwake "chitendero uye sainzi nesainzi" kubva 1937 yaive yakakurumbira, iyo yakaratidzwa mumabhuku aro anodzokororwa. Rugwaro rwacho rwava chiratidzo chezviitiko munyika, icho chaive pasi pechiremera chevasimba veFascist.
Plank haambofonera zita raKristu uye unomanikidzwa kugara uchiramba runyerekupe pamusoro pekuchinja kwavo kutenda. Vesayenzi vakasimbisa kuti haana kutenda muna Mwari, asi anoramba achitnamata.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kekutanga, max plank akaroora shamwari yehudiki Mary Merk muna 1885. Vana vana vakaberekerwa muwanano: vanakomana vaviri uye nevanasikana. Aida mhuri yake, aive murume ane hanya uye baba. Muna 1909, mukadzi wake anofa. Mushure memakore maviri, musayendisiti ari kuyedza kuronga hupenyu hwake kwechinguva kechipiri uye anoita chikumbiro cheNice Marge von Heslin. Mukadzi anopa max kubha kwemumwe mwanakomana.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoMune biography yeiyo sayenzi panouya tambo nhema. Mwanakomana wedangwe anofira muhondo yenyika yekutanga, muna 1916, navanasikana vanofa mukuzvara muna 1917 na1918. Mwanakomana wechipiri kubva kumuchato wekutanga akaitwa kutanga kwa1945 kwekutora chikamu pakurangana naHitler, kunyangwe chikumbiro chababa vanozivikanwa.
Nazis aiziva nezve maonero aMax mapuranga. Munguva yekushanya kwake kuna Hitler, apo iyo Physicist yakananga nzanga yezvakafanana neane sainzi Kaiser Wilhelm, akatendeukira kwaari kuti asatambudza vadzidzi vechiJudha. Hitler akatsamwira pachiso chake akataura zvese zvaanofunga nezverudzi rwevaJudha. Mushure meizvozvo, parongero racho rakaramba richinyararira uye rakaedza kudzora muzvikangariro.
Munguva yechando, 1944, mushure mekupinda kwehondo yevalies, imba yevasainzi vakapiswa zvachose. Mumoto zvakaparadzwa zvakanyorwa, madhiri, mabhuku. Anofambisa kushamwari carl achiri ku roghets pasi magdeburg.
Muna 1945, panguva yehurukuro muKassel, purofesa anenge afa pasi pemabhomba. MunaApril, imba yenguva pfupi yevakaroorana yePuranga yakaparadzwa pasi peidecraft. Masayendisiti nemukadzi vanoenda kusango, vozogara nemukaka. Hutano hwepuranga hwakawedzera - ruttritis remuzongoza rakakudzwa, uye akafamba aine dambudziko rakakura.
Pakumbira kwaProfessor Robert Minda, Mauto eAmerica anoenda kune iyo Nobel Laureate uye inoitora mugwara rakachengeteka. Kwemavhiki mashanu, ari pamubhedha wechipatara wechipatara, uyezve mushure mekupora, zvinotanga kushanda: kuverenga hurukuro.
Rufu
Muna Chikunguru 1946, murume akaenda kuEngland kumhemberero yemakore mazana matatu-ane makore matatu eAkage Newton. Chinhu chinonakidza: Muyenzi aive pachiitiko icho chete mumiriri kubva kuGermany. Nguva pfupi kusati kwafa kwefizikisi, iyo Kaiser Wilhellem yakanyorwa max puranga, nekudaro achiona mupiro wake kune sainzi zvakare.
Anoenderera mberi nekutaura nezvinotaurwa nemitauro. MuBonn, musayendisiti akarwara nekuzvimba kwezvipemberi zvemapapu, asi akakwanisa kukunda chirwere. Muna Kurume 1947, anopedzisira aratidzika kuva vadzidzi. Muna Gumiguru wegore rimwe chetero, nyika yeMcca Plance yakadzikira zvakanyanya, uye akafa. Chikonzero cherufu chakarova. Haana kurarama zvinoenderana nemakore ake makumi mapfumbamwe. Guva reNobel Laureate riri mumakuva weGöttingen.
Pashure pangu, sainzi akasiya manyoro, mabhuku, mapikicha - nhaka, ayo anokosha uye anoramba achitakura hushumiri hwesainzi.
Awards uye mubairo
- 1914 - Helmholts Medal
- 1915 - Kurongeka "kwekukodzera musainzi uye art"
- 1918 - Nobel Mubairo mufizikisi
- 1927 - Lorentz Mendal
- 1927 - Menduru yeFranklin
- 1928 - AdlersChild des Deutschen Reiches
- 1929 - Max Plongock Medal
- 1929 - Copley Medal
- 1932 - Gutrei Medal uye mubairo
- 1933 - Medal Garnaca
- 1945 - Götte Mubairo