Biography
Pakati peiyo XIX yezana ramakore, Gustava, Gustava Flamerva Inotariswa Zvakashata uye Unzenza Munyori weFrance anoonekwa achitungamira national tenzi pane yePeni neGi ne gi maumassan and onor de Balzac. Kuzivikanwa kweFlaux kwakaunza mabhuku "Mai Botari" uye "Dzidzo yeSvuta", yakanyorwa mumhando yechokwadi ine zvinyorwa zvePfungwa uye zvakasikwa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
GUSTVE FLUBERT yakazvarwa musi waDecember 12, 1821 mune imwe nhoroondo yeremandy - Ruang. Chiremba Achille Cleappas Flaunline Flaunline Fleurio, mwanasikana ari chiremba, aine trucpidation akamirira kuti Güstava mumhuri: musikana nevakomana vaviri.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoRunyorwa rwemangwana rakarererwa nemurume mukuru anogara nhaka kubva kuna baba vake kwete chete zita, asiwo basa, achiva chiremba anovhiya, uye hanzvadzi yacho yakazvarwa makore matatu Guesapwa. Huve hudiki hwakagura mumamiriro emukati mechipatara, mune musoro wemhuri.
Vanoti Fluber akatanga kunyora mamwe makore masere, paunenge uchidzidza kuhumambo koreji. Muna 1832, murume wechidiki akapinda muLycum of Pierre Cornelel, kwaakasangana naErnest Chevalé, ramangwana reFrench wezvematongerwo enyika. Makore maviri gare gare, shamwari dzakaronga iwo magazini yemagazini yeruoko "art uye kufambira mberi", iyo rugwaro rwekutanga rugwaro rwepachena rwakabudiswa.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoMuna 1840, ramangwana remangwana rakaenda kuParis kuti vadzidze zvakanaka. Guta guru reFrance rakaonekwa seinonyangadza, uye basa rakasarudzwa rinofinha, saka pakupera kwegore rimwe chete mudzidzi akaenderera nerwendo nePyrenees uye Corsica. Iyi nguva yemunyori biography yakaratidzwa mu "memoirs yekupenga" (1901).
Pakutanga kwa 1846, baba vaFiramu vakafa, vakasiya mwanakomana wezviuru zvevana zviuru mazana mashanu. Ipapo jaya rakaziva kuti kusava kwavo kwanga kusiri nzvimbo yake, ndokukanda yunivhesiti. Nhaka isingagoneka yakavimbisa hupenyu huchioma husina murume, kunyangwe pabasa rekusashanda, saka akasarudza zvachose kuzvipira kunyorera.
Mabhuku
Musi waSeptember 19, 1851, Flamert, akafuridzirwa neshamwari dzake Louis Bui uye Maxucu Duucan, akatora kuumbwa kweNovel "Mai Barova" (Mune dzimwe shanduro - madame botae). Mwedzi makumi matanhatu neshanu gare gare, muna Chivabvu 1856, bhuku racho rakapera. Akabuda achibva kuOntol 1 kusvika Zvita gumi nemashanu egore rimwe chete mubhuku racho mubhuku renhau "Paris Ongororo".Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoMunaFebruary 1857, mukuru weParis Ferris uye Gustava Flauberva aipomerwa mhosva yekusaremekedza tsika yeruzhinji nechitendero. " Iye munyori akatoonekwa pamberi pechivanze che "chisvinu uye chinotyisa chifananidzo chevanyori", asi chirango chakapukunyuka. Kubvisa kupomerwa hakuna kungopa bhuku reMai Bovarie bhuku rakaparadzana, asi zvakare rakapawo kupaza kwekurumbira.
Pakati pehurongwa - Emma Bevarie, kusagadzikana mumubato. Madame haina kunyara kuchinja mumwe wako anomuda kwazvo. Zvipo zvevakadzi vechidiki vakasarudzwa, mukadzi anoshandisa mamiriro emhuri, nekufamba kwenguva anotanga kuisa zvishongo uye zvivakwa. Kuguma kwemukadzi kubva kugutsikana nehupenyu hwakakomberedza uye kusava nebasa kwayo - Izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvinotarisira Mai Bovarie, uye murume wake akatendeka, anoramba achitaurirana nevadiwa vemukadzi wake - kusarura kweanoda.
Zvakashinga, nhoroondo dzechisikigo dzeGustava Flament dzakatsvapiswa kuti urege kurarama kwete nzanga yemazuva ano yeFrench chete, asiwo madhairekitori eXX uye XXI emazana emakore. Iyo yekutanga firimu paNovel "Mai Borkov" vakapfurwa muna 1933 nemunyori weComfatriot, saka ChiGerman, weArgentinean, American, ChiRungu, yeRussia neBritish uye simplif simulation yakatevera.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoChinyorwa chinotevera cheFlauber chakasiyana kubva kuMai Bovari - Nenhoroondo yeNosvel "Salambbo" nezve Hondo yeLibyan muCarthage, iyo yakaitika muna 240-238 nguva dzose. Ns. Shanduko yemhando yerondedzero uye sarudzo isingazivikanwe yemusoro ndeyekuti munyori aizviona seye "murudo wekupedzisira" nepo bhuku remumwe wetsika rakasungirirwa pamusangano weStus of of of of of of of of the sature of of the sature of of of the sature of of of the nature of the summasist of of of of of of the sature of of of the nature of of of the not stamp of the stur.
Iyo SalumO Flauber yakasvitswa neine basa rakazara - Akadzidza huwandu hwemavara zana nezveCarthage nezviitiko zvenguva idzodzo, akashanyira Tunisia. Makore mashanu gare gare, basa rinorwadza, muna 1862, bhuku rakazvarwa. Sangano reFrench Sangano rakaziviswa nekuda kwekunyepedzera kwenhema, vakaneta nemabasa echokwadi. Kuumbwa kwaikosheswa uye muRussia - shanduro yakashandurwa yakaonekwa mune imwechete 1862 mubhuku revanhu "reruzhinji".
Iyo ingangove yakanyanya kuoma firamu yekunyora zita rekuti "dzidzo yeiyo yepamusoro" (kana "dzidzo yekunyora"). Akatanga kutangisa nhoroondo yeAutobiological munaFebruary 1843. Chikonzero chekunyora yaive musangano wemunyori naElise Schlesinger - mukadzi ane makore, mune iyo Flabert yakawira murudo neuduku.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoChokwadi chakabuda kubva pasi pechitoro chemumwe munzwi, itsika inonzi "iyo yekutanga" dzidzo yekunzwa ". Shanduro yedenderedzwa yakapera kusvika 1845, uye yakaburitswa mushure mekufa kweFiramu - muna 1910th. Ichokwadi Chinofadza: Iyi nzou haina chekuita nebasa rakadhindwa pasi pezita rimwe chete muna 1869.
Mune "mukuru", dzidzo yeChipimbisiro "ye186, protagonist Frederick moro murudo naMaria Arnu, muwanano wemuchato weBalzakovsky zera. Nekuda kwepfungwa nezvevasanangurwa, MOLO haigone kumisikidza hukama nevamwe vakadzi, rinotungamira mararamiro ekupemberera uye anokanda pasi. Pashure pemakore 27, Moro naArna zvisina mwero kumeso uye vanonzwisisa kuti nguva yese iyi yaidiwa uye, kunyangwe ivo vaisakwanisa kunakidza, vaifara. Ivo vanoputsa, vanogutsikana nekuzivikanwa.
"Kukura kwemanzwiro" kwakakonzerwa zvakanyanya kupindura kubva kutsoropodza nevanoshanda navo peru, asi munhu wese akacherekedza motifari yebasa. Gi Maumassan akataura kuti "zvakawanda zvakasangana nazvo uye zvinoshungurudza zvakarwadza mune ino noupamhi", Emil Zola anonzi basa re "Bhuku reMunhu" Flamert. Momset Moem akasangana kuti "Frederick Moro chikamu cheiyo mufananidzo wechidimbu, iye munyori akazvazviona."
Pasinei nehutano hunoshamisa hwekuwedzera uye kuwanda kwekurwiswa kweshungu, muna Kubvumbi 1874, gustave flaubert yakaburitsa vhezheni yekupedzisira yenhetembo iri "muyedzo weSt anthony". Pfungwa yebasa rakazvarwa rakadzoserwa muna 1845, pakanzi waona mufananidzo waPeter Brygel's Iro zita rakafanana - mudiki. Gamba renhetembo reAnthony, kunge munhu anokwezva neJohann Wolfgang von Goethe, anomanikidzwa kuenderera kuburikidza nemitambo yemadhimoni kune hupenyu hunofadza.
Muna March kwegore rimwe chetatu, kuunganidza "nhatu" vakabuda, vanosanganisira "mweya yakapusa", "ngano yetsvene Julian Melosive" uye "Irodia". Aya mabasa eFlauber akatarisa kuzorora pakati pekusikwa kwebasa rekupedzisira - iyo novel "buwar uye beiyusha". Nekuda kwekubvuma kwoMunyori, kusikwa kweumwe neumwe weutungamiri kwakatungamirwa kwemwedzi mitanhatu.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoBhuku raSatirical "BWAR uye Beiyusha", raive rakanyoreredzwa nahwo muna 1872, harina kufanira kupedza - hutano hwakamiswa hwemunyori akakundikana. Novel yakadhindwa muna 1881.
Pakati penzvimbo yehurongwa - varume nemazita eBuwar naBeiyusha, avo vanowana netsaona mumugwagwa. Vese vari vaviri ndivo vanoenderana, asi vachirota muchivande kuti vatamire kumusha uye vaite zvekurima. Shamwari sarudza pakupedzisira, mwemwe zviroto kuti uve nechokwadi uye utenge imba. Nguva yekutanga inofarira kurarama kubata hove, matanda, art, asi nekufamba kwenguva ivo vanonzwisisa kuti mufaro wavo chaiwo ndewekunyorazve. Kuguma neNovel kwaifanirwa kuve chiitiko umo iyo bwwar uye ndiBeiusha zadza masheti epepa pasi pekutaurisa kweumwe neumwe.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muchirimo cha 1846, boka rakawanda remakore reRoma rine nhetembo yeFrance Luiz Cola yakatanga. Mutsamba dzaidiwa kuna vanodiwa, dzinosvika nhasi uye dzakabudiswa mubhuku iri "rakabudiswa mubhuku rinonzi" verbena uye musy, munyori wechikepe cheFrench, hukama pakati pemurume nemukadzi. Tsamba yekupedzisira yakanyorwa munaKurume 6, 1855.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoFlaubert aive nezvatikadzi muBrussels, Paris, Munich, haana kukuvadza nevakadzi nevarume vechifambiro, asi, kunyangwe hupenyu hwomunhu uye nevana vake havana kuwana. Ichi chinzvimbo chinokonzerwa neyakafa kubva kuKole tsamba yaDecember 11, 1852:
"Pfungwa yekuunza mumwe munhu kunyika inondizadza nekutya. Ndingazvituka kana ndakava baba vangu. Nyama yangu ngaurege kupera kupfuura ini mumwe munhu anonyadzisa kuvapo. "Rufu
Mumakore achangopfuura, Gustava Flamarura akawedzera kuvhiringidza kushushikana. Shamwari dzakakanganikwa uye dzakakanganisika, chiedza chemabhuku eFrance vakafa musi waMay 8, 1880 mumusha weCroashsset. Chikonzero cherufu chiri Hemorrhage muuropi panguva yekutevera kutevera.Mariro akaitika muna Chivabvu 11 pamberi pevanyori vakakurumbira - Emil Zola, Gi Moaumassant, Edmond de Goncard, Alfon Dodé. Muviri unozorora pane mwaka wemakuva we rouen.
Yakapera kubva paGetty MifananidzoMakumi maviri emabasa, mazana efirimu, mayunivhesiti nemagwagwa vakamutumidza zita kuti zita rirambe rirangaridzo. MuRang, muna 2008, Gustava Flaubilaber yakatovakwa - iyo yepamusoro kusimudza bhiriji muEurope, Hurefu hwakareba ndege 91 m, uye kukwidziridzwa kwemugwagwa cannon ndeye 55 m.
Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti iite basa rakawanda vanyori vanyori: Kana zvisiri "Mai Borkov," nyika yaisazoverenga mabasa eFranz Kafka kana Jean-munda weSartre. Vanyori veFrance vachiri kuisa flauber yedanho rimwe chete nevaridzi vezvemitemo dzezvekusika kwenyika, saArthur Rambo uye Charles Baudller, uye bhuku rake rinopinda mumhepo itsva yekuzivikanwa.
Quotes
"Iva benzi, rinonzwisisika uye rine hutano hwakanaka - izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvitatu zvinodiwa kuti ufare." Asi kana vekutanga vasina kukwana, saka vamwe vasingabatsiri. "" Nhema dzave dzichidiwa, Kutenda kuti kutaura chokwadi kwaaive "." Iwe haugone kubata zvifananidzo: kugomera zvinoramba zviri paminwe yedu. "BHAIBHERI
- 1838 - Memoirs anopenga "
- 1842 - "Mbudzi"
- 1857 - "Mai Bevarie"
- 1862 - "Salambbo"
- 1868 - "Dzidzo Yeanonzwa"
- 1874 - "Muyedzo weSt anthony"
- 1877 - "Nhaurwa nhatu"
- 1881 - "Burar naPekuy"
- 1913 - "Lexicon yechokwadi capital"