Biography
Biography yeEast Slavic Enlvic uye Scientist Francis Skorne inosanganiswa neCreCity, mushonga, uzivi uye maronda. Mumwe wevamiriri mukuru eBelarus wekupera kweXV - kutanga kwemazana emakore akasara kuseri kwemabhuku emabhuku ari muchimiro cheBhaibheri chakadudzirwa kubva kumutauro wechechi strevonic. Parizvino, hunhu hwomunhu wepurazi rekare hwakaremekedzwa nevanhu vazhinji vane masimba. Zita rake rinotumidzwa mazita uye mumigwagwa, pamwe nekuraira uye menduru yakapihwa kukosha mumunda wemainzi, zviitiko zvehurumende.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Francis Lukich Skorgin akazvarwa akatenderedza 1470 muguta rePolotsk, uyo mune zvekare panguva dzekare aive mukati memiganhu yehunhu hweGrand Lithuania.
Taura nezvevabereki vanonzi Lukian naMargarita vanochengetwa mubhuku rekunyunyuta kweMambo wePoland Casimir IV yeiyo Yagillon zvine chekuita neVelakusky mugari wehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemari makumi mana. Uye kunyangwe basa uye chinzvimbo chevashandi naamai vakaramba vasingazivikanwe, masayendisiti akataura kuti vaive nemari yakakwana yekudzidzisa Mwanakomana muchikoro cheMonasterttery.
Pakutanga kweva1500s, jaya, iro rairo rakachengeta diploma uye chiLatin, vakapinda muchinda wepamusoro wekudzidzisa muKrakow. Achifunda nhungamiro 7, pakati payo yaive muzivi, kurudyi, mushonga uye refology, yakazotumira chikumbiro cheDhigirii yeDhigirii muItaly University muPadua.
Zivo yeDilelectics uye Rhetoric yakabatsira Skorne inobvumidza masayendisiti eAristocrats ekuteerera kune murume wechidiki murombo kubva kumuchinda ari kure. Musi waNovember 9, 1512 pamberi pevateereri vevateereri vechienzi, ane rukudzo mire 2 bvunzo uye akazova chiremba wechibayiro chekurapa.
Uye kunyangwe Francis haana kumbobvira adzidza kunzvimbo huru yedzidzo yeiyo Venetia republic, pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, mufananidzo wake webasa remuimbi wemunharaunda akaoneka pamadziro evanozivikanwa vakapedza kudzidza.
Pashure pazvo, ruzivo rwekurapa rwekorgin zvakashanda kune kushumirwa kwekubvumirana zvisiri pamutemo kwaMambo wePolish Sigismand I uyo akadzidza muItari mumusoro we1120s
Mabhuku
Chii chakaitika mumugumo weSkorne muna 1512-1517, achiri chakavanzika, asi panguva inotevera ruzivo rwakatevera, akasiya mushonga uye akafarira typography.
Kugadziriswa muPrague, Francis akaronga typography uye akatanga kuchinjiswa kwemabhuku kubva kumutauro wechechi kumabvazuva slavic. Kuedza matekinoroji kuAnoyedza pamushonga, kwakaratidza kuti Belarussian yekutanga yakadhindwa, Polotsk yakaunza vazukuru vemabhuku 23 eshanduro dzeBhaibheri uye vakaita mupiro wakakura kune tsika yepasirese.
Vaongorori vakanetseka kwenguva yakareba nezvemutauro wezvechitendero cheSkorne, nekuti chechi cho chechi chakachengetedzwa mavari nemazwi akasimba uye mazwi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, ivo vakafunga kuti mabhuku emuchinda aive bhodhi rezvakanyorwa, rakarerutswa, rakarerutswa uye rakagadziridzwa kune chokwadi.
Inoshanda yakabva kuSkorne michina yaive yakasarudzika kubudirira kwenguva iyoyo. Kuwedzerwa kwenzvimbo dzakateerana uye mhinduro, ivo vakawana hunhu hwenyika uye vakaita rugwaro rwuno kuverenga chero. Uye zvakare, iyo printer yakatarisa kukosha kwekudzidza, iyo isati yaonekwa mumabasa evazivi eEuropean Houlist of makore emakore apfuura.
Kwekugadzirwa kwemabhuku, vasayiridzi vakazvimiririra vakagadzira zvinyorwe, monograms uye zvimwe zvekushongedza zvinhu. Semhedzisiro, shanduro dzekutanga dzakazova chete zvivakwa zvemabhuku, asiwo mabasa ehunyanzvi hwakanaka.
Mukutanga kwa1220s, mamiriro acho ari muParal akarega kuva akanaka, uye Francis akarega imba yekudhinda ndokudzokera kunyika yake. Kutangazve kugadzirwa muBerlarus, akasunungura muunganidzwa wenyaya dzechitendero uye hwenamato kuti iverwe kuverenga, inozivikanwa se "bhuku racho rakanaka". Mune ino yedhinda, printa akaita kuti munyori uye mudzidzisi anoziva vateereri vane pfungwa dzakakosha dzepanyama uye dzerunyararo, dzinotaura nezvekarenda, nyeredzi, yezororo revanhu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekuda kuziva.
Muchirimo chaMa1525 pamachina ari muWilna musangano weWilna, Skorgin akabudisa chisikwa chekupedzisira chemuapostora, uye ndokuzofamba muEurope.
Vatsvagiri havasati vasina chokwadi nenzira inotorwa uye haigoni kunyora zvimwe zvinonakidza uye zviitiko zvakakosha. Kunyanya, hapana mafungiro asina kujairika pakushanya kuGermany nemisangano nemuvambi wePurotesitendi Martin Luther, zvinangwa zveMishini muMoscow zvinosiririsa.
Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti kubva kunyika idzi dzekumabvazuva kuchengetedzwa kwakadzivirirwa nekuda kwekunyepedzera, uye mabasa ake akabudiswa munzira yevaKatorike akapiswa pachena.
Mushure meizvozvo, skorin yakanga yatoita kunge isina kuita typography uye yakashanda muPrague kuDare raMambo Ferdinand ini murimi kana chiremba.
Uzivi uye Chitendero
Muzvinhu zvacho uye zvinotaura kune edudziro dzezvitendero, Skorgin akazviratidza semuzivi akanamatira kunzvimbo yedzidzo yedzidzo yeWestern Hamaist Scientists. Akafanana nekuumbwa kwevanhu uye akadana kukudziridzwa kwediploma uye mavara ehunyanzvi.
Semunhu mukuru weuchenjeri hweLithuania, Francis aida nyika yake nemwoyo wose uye akatenda kuti maonero ake aisungirwa kugovera munhu wese akanaka. Zvinyorwa zveBhaibheri zvakakonzera kupararira kweshoko rezvinyorwa, kutarisira dzidzo yehunhu, sangano renzanga uye kugadzwa kwehupenyu hwakachengeteka hwerunyararo pasi pano.
Iko hakuna zviratidzo zvakananga zvechitendero uye kubatana kwechitendero kwemusha wePolotsk. Zvinyorwa zvakachengetedza pepa, zvinoenderana neye Francis angave wemasangano aripo, akarongwa kakawanda kuramba kutenda uye munyengeri.
Kufara nemabasa akanyorwa mumakona echiKatorike, Skorgin anogona kuve muteveri weChechi yeEurope yeEuropean yeEuropean, aizviona seyakatakura chete yezvokwadi pasi pano.
Mukufarira izvi, shanduro dze "Zvirevo pamusoro peTsar Soromoni" uye "nziyo", dzakashoropodzwa uye dzakatsoropodzwa nevaprista veOrthodox pakati pegumi nemakumi mashanu.
Uyezve, hama yePrinta John Chrysans, maererano nezvakaitika kare, yaive yeCatholic yeCatholic uye yakanangana nePolotsky Archbishop. Izvi zvinopa kodzero yekufungidzira kuti vana veGenorgin vakarerutsa mukutenda uye kubhabhatidzwa pakutenda kumwechete uye vakabhabhatidzirwa mumisangano, iyo yakamboiswa nguva refu yakavambwa nePontiff.
Nekudaro, pane mafungiro okuti Francis zvakakwana aigona kureurura kune ormdodoxy. Izvi zvinotaurwa pamusoro pebhuku rino ra152-1525, umo maitiro ehunhu hwepamukutaurwa nezvekudzidzisa kwechiKristu airatidza: East Slavics Boris, Gream nevamwe Mapisarema evaSlavic chitsvene Rugwaro.
Mukuwedzera, masayendisiti akawana kuti mushure mekunge bvunzo muPadua Skorina akagamuchira diploma chivakwa, uye kwete mutembere, sevamwe vakapedza kudzidza vaKatorike.
Chitendero chechitatu uye chingangodaro chinogona kuitika kuna Skorne chinoonekwa sechiPurotesitendi. Mukufarira uku, hukama nevanochinja uye muvambi weLutheranism, pamwe neshumiro yeKönigsberg Duke Albrecht Brandenburg Ansbakh, inotsanangurwa zvakare.
Hupenyu Hwako
Zvinyorwa zvacho zvine mapepa ane mapepa ane chekuita nehupenyu hwako uye mhuri yeFrancis Skorne. Kubva pane cherechedzo ipfupi zviri pachena kuti pakati pe1220s, mudzimai weEenjo akazova chirikadzi yemutengesi anonzi Margarita.
Mukuwedzera, ruzivo rwakasanganiswa mumaoko evalipprafra, maererano nemukuru weBiidhiya Ivan Skorne, uyo akasiya chikwereti chakadhindwa uye zvawareva nezvevakweretesi mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa mushure mekufa.
Izvi zvakaitika muna 1529, Francis akarasikirwa nemumwe wake uye akarera mwanakomana mudiki waSimioni ega. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive nenjodzi, sezvo murume asina kugadzikana naBaba vari pamutemo vemutongi weLithuani vakaiswa mutorongo uye vanonetseka nezveShetoni Roman Skorne vakakwanisa kukanganwira ruregerero, kusununguka uye kutendeka kwakazara kubva pazvinhu uye zviyero.
Rufu
Sezvinonyanya kuitika kubva muhupenyu hwaFrancis Skaryna, iyo chaiyo zuva uye chikonzero cherufu hazvizivikanwe.
Masayendisiti anoratidza kuti izvi zvakaitika muPrague munenge muna 1551, sezvo panguva ino wedzinza rakananga remuchinda rakasvika muguta rino renhaka nenhaka yepahaka.
Mukuyeuka kwezvakabudirira, zvinopupurira, muzivi muguta reBelarus, rakanyorwa mugero wenyaya, rakaburitsa mari yeOleg yankovsky ndokuburitsa mari mukuremekedzwa kwe1 rubity.
Ndangariro
- Gymnasium anonzi After leftis Skorne mu Radoshkovichi
- Central Avenue yakatumidzwa zita mushure meFrancis Skorne muPolotsk
- Turakiti rakanzi AfterS Skorina muMinsk
- Diki Planet №3283 "Francis Scarina"
- Feature firimu "i, Francis cumorin ..."
- Monsuments Francis Skorne muPolotsk, Minsk, Lida, Kalindenrad, Prague
- Coin USSR Chiratidzo 1 ruble mukuremekedza iyo 500th turnival yeFrancis Skorne
- Gomel State University anonzi Francis Skorne