Biography
Admiral Pavel Nakhimov inogara munzvimbo yakasarudzika pakati peFrotorOdidia sedzimwe yevamiriri vechiuto. Akaona zvinorehwa nechinangwa uye chinangwa cheupenyu pabasa, saka akapinda munyaya yegamba rechikepe cheRussia. Iye murume akakwana kutsiva Fyodor Ushakov, Dmitry Seyhanin naMikhail Lazareva, vacho vava mutsetse wetsika dzadzo dzinokudzwa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Ramangwana flotets vakazvarwa muzhizha re 1802 muVyazemsky Dunhu reSmolensk Province, mumusha weguta. Hazvisi zvakawanda zvinozivikanwa nezvehudiki hwake. Mukomana akakwiridzwa mumhuri yemhuri yakaipa yechipiri-huru Stepan nakhimov uye mukadzi wepamba eFoodosia Nakhirova (Muchato waKolovsky). Pamusoro pake, vabereki vaive nevamwe vana gumi, vashanu vavo varume. Kukura, mumwe nemumwe wavo ane hukama nehurombo hwechiitiko.
Paul sezvo achiri mudiki aishuvira kuva mutyairi, vabereki vakatsigira sarudzo yeMwanakomana, uye vakamubatsira kuendesa magwaro kuMarine Cadet Corps mu St. Petersburg. Chokwadi, zvaisaita kunyoresa kubva panguva yekutanga, zvaive zvakawandisa zvido zvekupinda ipapo, uye saka Nakhimov aifanira kumirira mutsara kwemakore maviri.
Muchirimo cha 1815, Pauro akange achiri kunyoreswa muCadet Cabhandor Garnemary. Pashure pacho, zvidzidzo zvakamupinza nevanhu vakadaro saVladimir DAL, Pavel Notimilsky naAlexander Rykachev. Pamwe chete muna 1817, vakaenda kunhamo yekutanga kuBrig "Phoenix", ivo vaive nemukana wekushanyira machira eStockholm, Karlscrun naCopenhagen. Nakhimov aive pakati pevadzidzi vakanaka kwazvo, aive akakwana kwemakore matatu apedze nzira yeMitumbi.
Service pachikepe
Kuve nyanzvi yehunyanzvi, Nakhimov inokasira kuve mune yechipiri Floot crew mu St. Petersburg. Anorova "Cruiser" kumurairo weimwe yakakurumbira Flotovodya Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. Mushure memakore maviri, murume pane "Janus" anofamba muBaltic, uye mushure megore rinoenda kuArkhngerlk.
Ipapo pakavakirwa ngarava yaidiwa nemutungamiriri. Asi usati wabatana nechinzvimbo chitsva, anoshevedzwa idzoko kuna "Cruiser". PaRiri muna 1822, Paul anofamba achitenderera nyika, ayo akagara kusvika 1825. Mushure megore mushure mekushandira mutyairi, ivo vanorairwa nemurandakadzi, uye pakusvika panyika, anopihwa kurongeka kweSt. Vladimir.
Pakudzokera kuSt. Petersburg, Nakhimov anotumirwa zvakare kuArkhangelsk, mune vashandi ve "Azoza". Chokwadi, mumwedzi gumi nemaviri vanoendeswa kuBaltiti, uye rimwe gore rinozotevera Pavel Stepanovich, neEngland neFrance vakarova ngarava yeTurkey muNavarino Bay yeIonian Gungwa reNionian.
Akaraira bhatiri rechikepe chemhombwe, uye iyo yeRussia squadron yakanga yakatungamirwa kupinda neAlmiral Login gayden, yakapihwa NHIMHIMOv yeiyi kurwa neiyo George IV dhigirii, uye panguva imwe chete yakamutsa murume kumutungamiriri.
Mumwe musiyano wakaonekwa mune biography yeNakhimov mushure mekurwa kweTurkey-yeRussia. Iye murume akaiswa kuti agadzire iyo Trophy Turkish Corvette "Navarin", pane iyo yaakatora chikamu muBlockde of Dardanelles sechikamu cheRussia squarron. Kana kuvigirwa kwapera, ngarava yake yakava chikamu cheboka rechibvumirano. Kwemakore akati wandei apfuura, akananga kuchikepe chePallada, akazokurudzirwa kunoshanda mugungwa dema uye atove munzvimbo yemutungamiriri wenzvimbo yechikepe chakagamuchira ngarava "silistria".
Mumidziyo yezvakaitika kare, ruzivo nderekuti vashandi vemurume nerukudzo rwazadzikiswa mabasa emurairo, iro Pavel Stepanovich amene akaregererwa nemirairo. Muna 1845, Changamire Nicholas ndakaita munhu mukurwisa-kufungidzira, uye mushure memamwe makore manomwe - mune zvekunakidzwa kwechikepe cheRussia. Akapinda pachimiro chemukuru wechikepe chakapetwa muchikepe ichi.
Hondo yemuroora ya 1853-1856 yaisave nyore kune ngarava dema dzegungwa, nekuti iyi squadron yakatora mabasa ekurwira kwavo, akaraira Nahimov panguva iyoyo. Kunyangwe muvengi aive aine chombo chine simba, iyo yekuyemurika yakasungirirwa iyo inogara iripo. Izvi zvakavabatsira kudzivirira ndima yacho. Uyezve, ruzhinji rwebasa rwakaitika pasi pehutungamiriri hwePaavel Stepanovich.
Izvi zvinoratidzirwa nehondo yeSoint ye 1853. Pasinei nedutu rakasimba, murume uyu akawana, uye akabva aparadza masimba makuru echikepe cheTurkey. Nekukunda uku, iye pachezvake akakomberedza Changamire, achitumira diploma yepamusoro uye achidana kukundwa kwemuvengi kusvika pakushongedza kwenhoroondo yechikepe chechikepe cheRussia.
Chimwe chiratidzo chebasa risingaverengeki reNakhimov rinonzi kugadzwa kwemurume panguva imwe chete munzvimbo mbiri - mubati wechiteshi cheguta rino. Sezvo zvikepe zvevavengi zvikadzivirira ndima kubva kugungwa, iyo inoda kupinza yemutungamiri ane ruzivo uye ane simba.
Kunyangwe Pevel Stepanovich aive nemasimba akawanda, kugadzwa kwakadaro kwaive nebasa rake. Mumitambo yekudzivirira kweguta kwakarongedzwa, akabatsirwa nechiremera chisingabatsirirwe pakati pevatengesi nevarwi. Chokwadi chinonakidza: Muzvikamu zvakadzika zvevanodaidzwa kuti "Baba - Mubatsiri", saka vaibata nevatengesi vechikepe.
Nakhimova akatarisa gamba - mutungamiriri asingatyi uyo akabhadhara hupenyu hwemurwi, asi iye amene, asingafunge, akaisa mumusoro wake. Vapikisi vanowanzoona kufarirwa pamusoro peganda rekugezera kana nepfuti mumaoko ake ari mumusoro wevanotanga. Kusava nehanya kwakadaro hakuna kuenderera mberi kuenda kuPavel Stepanovich kubva mumaoko.
Munguva yekutevera kutevera Sevastopol Nakhimov akakuvadzwa mumusoro, zvisinei, kukuvadzwa kwacho kwaisave kwakakomba. Asi mushure memwedzi yakati wandei, akagwirazve pakati pehondo uye panguva ino yatogamuchira kuwirirana. Kutenda kumutungamiriri usingatyi, mweya wevakuru uye mauto haana kumbobvira awa, murume akadaro zvachose akaramba munhoroondo yeRussia.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nezve hupenyu hwega hwega hwechiitiko mune network zvidiki ruzivo. Sezvavanotaura, murume akazvitsaurira kugungwa, uye, maererano neimwe data, akange asina mukadzi. Asi zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinopokana zvekuti womumwe mukadzi wake, asi kwete mukuru. Haana kupendwa naye maererano nemirairo yeumambo hweRussia, asi izvi hazvina kudzivirira vechidiki kuti vagadzire mhuri.
Mudzimai waNeshimova asina kushumirwa anonzi Rakeri akapa murume wake kuvana vatatu, vese vanakomana. Mushure mekufa kwerima, mukadzi uyu nevakomana akarohwa kubva muimba. Kukunda hupenyu, akaunza vese, akaroora uye akatomirira vazukuru.
Muchijaya cheNakhimov aive murume akakurumbira, chitarisiko chakashongedzwa neyunifomu umo iye anoratidzwa nhasi pane akasiyana mifananidzo. Kunyangwe kukura kwake kwakarurama kusingazivikanwe, paMifananidzo Pavel Stepanovich haina kuderera kune mamwe maofficial.
Rufu
Kudzivirirwa kweSevastopol kwakabvisa hupenyu hwehuwandu hukuru hwevanhu. Hondo yeropa, kuseka inenge mwedzi gumi nembiri, haina kuzorora uye kuyemura, kutyora hupenyu hwake pahuputi hwebasa. Iyo njodzi inouraya mumusoro, yaive yakakonzera rufu, Pavel Stepanovich akagamuchira muzhizha ra 1855.
Pasinei nemichero yakakomberedza bullet, murume akaburitsa zvivakwa zvepamberi zvivakwa zvakavakirwa kubva kuMarakhov Kurggan. Rimwe remuvengi eshoti ramuuraya. Mushure mekukuvara, mutungamiriri wemutungamiriri akabva angoiswa kuchipatara chemumunda. Mushure memazuva maviri mukutambudzwa zvinorema, kunyangwe kuedza kwevanachiremba, kuyemura kwakafa.
Iwo maruva akaridza svastopol, mune vladimir Cathedral. Panzvimbo iyo murume akawana murume, akavaka ndiro isingakanganwike. Panzvimbo pemufananidzo weiyo gwara, mazwi anotevera akavezwa ipapo achiti: "Admiral Pavel Stepanov yakakuvadzwa pamusoro peBaskiv Kurgan musi waZilaku 28, 1855.
Mariro akaunganidza guta rose renyasha, gamba rakaperekedzwa nevanhuwo zvavo uye vanodzivirira veSevastopol, hapana akatya kujekesa. Vapikisi havana kupfura vavengi pazuva iri, vaiziva kuti vanhu vaizoti zvakanaka kuti vaite muvengi kuti vataure navo, vakanyatsoongorora kuti utsinye hwake uye ushingi hwake.
Uye apo mimhanzi yemauto yakatanga kutamba uye pasi pekununura pfuti, ngarava dzeRussia dzakapendwa kusvika pakati pemireza, pane vanodzvinyirira vevapotsi mireza yakakwenenzverwa. Vanhu vakati vatariri vechiRungu, vachibvisa iyo cap uye kukotama musoro, vakadaro vakanaka kuna Nakhimov.
Ndangariro
Pavel nakhimov akaita mupiro wakakosha wekudzivirira kweRussia, saka kugona kwake kukosheswa nhasi. Nokukurumidza mushure mekutanga kwehondo huru yemuchadenga, zvikoro zvevarwi veNaiva zvakabuda muRussia, zvakatumidzwa kuyemurwa. Uye anenge achangobva, iyo presudium yeiyo Soppreme yeSoviet Council yeUSSR yakatanga kurongeka neMedal Nakhimov. Mukukudza iye, kutakurwa kweMaritimedza kwakadanwa, ava vaive vatakuri vezvakaipa, Armars, ngarava dzevatakuri, ngarava-submarine ngarava uye kunyange aatomic rocket rocket cruiser.
Zviitiko zveAdmiral Nakhimov paterevhizheni paThe Artistic Ribbon Eponymous, iyo Vselod Pudovkin akabvisa. Kunyangwe izvi zvisiri zvinyorwa, asi mufananidzo wenhoroondo uye ehupenyu hwenyika, zvinoenderana nechokwadi chezvakarukwa zvemurume uye zvine mukurumbira mukuru pakati pevateereri veRussia. Asi zvakatonyanya kutsanangurwa nePavel Stepanovanzi's Biography, vanhu vanoziva iyo Museum muSmolensk kana kumusha kweAdmiral - mune Manor yeKhmelit.
Mazita aNakhimov ari mugwagwa, materu, aparadzi uye anobatsira mumaguta mazhinji eRussia. Mukuwedzera, muna 1959, chigadziko chakaiswa muSevastopor Nikolay Tomsk, kunewo zvakafanana muStrersburg, mune yakaenzana "muzvinhu zvidiki" muMoscow naKrasnodar. Uye kumusha kwake muSollensk Dunhu muVyazma Yakaiswa Bust.
Vakatumidza zita rekuti Admiral uye zvinhu zvenzvimbo, ivo vakapinda munharaunda mudunhu reSplensk, iro kusvikira panguva yacho yave kukokwa kuti volinds, uye dziva muVyborg Disiti yeLarenrad Dunhu reLarenrad. Uye mifananidzo yaNakhimov yakashongedzwa nemamendi eUSSR uye mari yesirivheri, mhangura neNickel nezita 1, 3, 25, uye 50 rubles. Kuburitswa kwekupedzisira kwakaitwa nguva kusvika kuma190 uye gore raParali rePavel Stepanovich.
Mubairo
- 1825 - Holy Vladimir 4th degree Order
- 1827 - kurongeka kweSt. George 4th degree
- 1830 - kurongeka kweSt. Anne 2th degree
- 1837 - Imperial korona yekuraira kweSt. Anne 2th degree
- 1842 - kurongeka kweSt. Vladimir 3rd degree
- 1846 - chiratidzo chekusiyanisa "kwemakore XXV ebasa rekuregerera"
- 1847 - kurongeka kweSt. Stanislav 1st degree
- 1849 - kurongeka kweSt. Anne 1st degree
- 1851 - Iyo Imperial korona yekuraira kweSt. Anne 1st
- 1853 - kurongeka kweSt. Vladimir 2th degree
- 1853 - Iyo yekurongeka yeSt. George 2th degree
- 1855 - kurongeka kwegondo chena