Biography
William Turner ndiye akakurumbira weBritain Romantic artist, ane basa rayo rakashongedzwa nenzira yekutsvaira kune iyo mufananidzo wemufananidzo wepasicapes. Yakashandisa kunyanya mwaka uye mafuta, achifarira pepa rakajeka remavara. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti gare gare pendi yeTenzi haina kugamuchirwa nevararama panguva iyoyo, yava yakaoma kufungidzira mupiro weanoshandura kupenda.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Joseph Mallord William Turner akaberekwa anenge Kubvumbi 23, 1775 mune imwe yematunhu eLondon anonzi Covent Bindu. Baba veramangwana reArtist William vakaroorana nehunyanzvi mugadzirwa, uye pakupera kwegumi nemakumi mairi nemakumi manomwe neshanu vakatanga vhudzi rakavanzika. Iye mukomana paaive nemakore gumi, akatamira kuna babamunini vake kune metropolitan suburb yeBrentford. Chikonzero cheichi chaive kurwara kwepfungwa kwaamai vaamai uye mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma mumhuri yaive yavandudzwa nekuda kweizvi.
Kugara panhamba, mukomana akatanga kufarira hunyanzvi hwekuona. Sezvo apedzisa zvidzidzo zvake kuchikoro mumanomwe ane makore 1780s, Turner akatamira kuLondon, kwaakawana basa kune vaponhi nevagadziri. Mumwe wavo aive akakurumbira Chirungu Artist Thomas Mlton.
Munguva yechando ya 1789 William, uyo panguva iyoyo aive nemakore gumi nematatu, akanyoreswa mudzidziso yehumambo. Akatora bvunzo dzekupinda pamajaya Sir Joshua Reynolds, uyo ari mutambi anotanga. Mune ramangwana, kuve mudzidzi wenzvimbo ine simba yekudzidzisa, Turner akateerera nemukuru wehurukuro dzemhizha dzaive dzakapesvedzera kugona kwemvura.
Kupenda
Munguva yezvidzidzo zvake kuChikoro, iyo Livice Artist yakanyatsoongorora nzira yakazara yehurukuro pamaitiro ekunzwisisa ari muhunyanzvi hwakaudzwa nemutungamiri wekutanga wetungamiri wenyika. GORE mushure mekutanga kwekudzidza, William, akanyorwa nemvura, akaita kuti aratidze pakuratidzira kwegore negore.
Dhebheti pendi nemafuta, yakapihwa kuratidzwa, turner yakagadzirwa muna 17900. Pashure muzosei, basa remuimbi nguva nenguva rakaratidzwa kuacdemy. Muna 1791, akagamuchira chinzvimbo chemuimbi weSconson muOpera Pantheon, iri paOxford Street, uye akashandawo semudzidzisi wekupenda.
William akanyorera kudzidza kwekugadzira sevatenzi vezvakapfuura uye zvazvino pendi. Pfungwa dzekurera dzebasa revanhu, akadzokorora mifananidzo yavo uye akataura manzwiro ake.
Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti murume ane ruzivo rwakakosha anonzi pendi reClaude Lorren: Maererano naTörner, aisakwanisa kuerera, akaona mufananidzo wake, anonzi "mambokadzi waMambokadzi Sava." Watercolor akapokana kuti dutu remhepo rakabatana nezvaasina kumboona chimwe chinhu chakadai.
Makore mazhinji gare gare, William paakawana mukurumbira, akabva awana chengetedzo yePendi "Didona, muvambi weCarthage", kwaakabata sounyanzvi husingaenzaniswi, iyo nyika yeNyika. Akangobvunza nezve chinhu chimwe chete - kuti basa racho raizojaira ku "kugara kwechikepe kwa" mambokadzi wembambo Sava. " Turner akadzidza zvakadzama zvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi zveLorren, kusanganisira Albums neLiber Veren Verravings, iyo yakafemerwa nemitengero emagetsi emagetsi emaFrance.
Gare gare, William akaronga kuburitswa kweiyo album yake yakanzi Luber Studiorm uye akaburitswa mune imwe nzira yakafanana neyekudaira. Bhuku racho rakagadzirirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti navice artists dzishandise sebhuku remabhuku. Kunyora mariri kwakagoverwa pamusoro pezvikamu zvacho - kupenda nhoroondo, zvakavakirwa, imba uye nengano gomo uye gungwa negungwa.
Yekutanga sketching rwendo rwendo rwakaitika muna 1791. Pashure pacho, muimbi aigara achitumirwa kuEuropean kufamba - muSwitzerland, France, Italy, kugadzira matikisi nerubatsiro rwekodhi yekukwira. William akasara mushure meiyo huru henhaka - anopfuura zviuru gumi zvematanho uye mifananidzo.
Mabasa anobatwa muHIKING Albums akadzokorora kuve hwaro hwenheyo yemvura yemvura yevatendi vaakasika muLondon. Nezvehupenyu hwake hwekusika, murume aigara achidzokera kumakedheni akare kwazvo.
William Turner, ave muimbi anozivikanwa, akagamuchira chinzvimbo chekuenderana nhengo yeRoyal Academy musi waNovember 4, 1799. Mushure memakore maviri, basa rake "vabati vehove mugungwa" rakaratidzwa pakudzidza, mushure maro raawana kubudirira kukuru uye neruzhinji. Iyo Artist Benjamin West Muenzaniso webasa remumiriri werudo neDutch Pairandt. Musi waFebruary 10 wegore rimwe chetero, William akagamuchira chimiro chevadiki artist uyo anga awana chimiro cheumambo hweumambo.
Mushonga wacho waigara uchishanda pakuvandudza tekinoroji yake, dzakaita nguva yakawanda yekudzidza zvinongedzo pakati peGeology uye yekuvaka, pamwe neyekuchengetera mhepo uye kufamba kwemvura. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 19, akawana kutaura kwakazara uye kusimba mumatare emvura, ayo anowanzove ari pakupenda nemafuta.
Mubasa rake, William haana kushandisa kugashirwa kweruzivo, achigadzira kutaridzika kwemamiriro ekunze, nerubatsiro rwaakaperekedza zvakaitika kwaari uye ndangariro. Mumapendi, turner akaburitsa mufananidzo wevanhu panguva dzenzvimbo, achifamba uye basa remumunda. Nekunzwa uye rudo runoswedera munhu, tenzi akapfuura muchimiro cheCanvvas, akasakwana sei uye kuti gamba rakawanda sei pamberi pematare - panguva imwe chete yakadzikama, asi kugara zvakanaka.
Muna 1807, William akawana basa mudzidziso yehumambo semudzidzisi wekuona. Akanyora purogiramu yekudzidziswa nenzira yekuti inovhara kwete chete nyaya dzakanangana nenyaya yakataurwa, asi zvakare yakawedzera huwandu hwenyaya. Hurukuro dzeTurner dzaive kuonazve kosi yeRainolds uye yakakumbira dingindira rinodiwa reMhizha - Mubvunzo we "nhetembo pendi".
William Turner akawana yakakurumbira mushure mekunyora pendi, iyo yakazvipira kuhondo neNapoleon - "Munda neWartsloo" uye "Hondo yeTrfalar.
Iyo Planter kekutanga yakashanyirwa Italy muna 1819. Akashanyira Turin, Milan, Roma, Venji uye Naples, kwaakange achidzidza basa revatambi vemazuva ano, vakadai saiti, titoretto, Rafael.
Pamwe chete nerwendo kuenda kuItari, pendi dzaWilliam yakajeka, uye mapuranga avo akanyanya nekumanikidza kwekutanga kwemavara. Zvakare pabasa rake, chinyorwa chitsva chiviriro chakaonekwa, chakazoitika muimbi. Akashanyira venice ka3 times - Muna 1819, 1833, 1840, saka ndangariro dzeguta iri dzakaratidzwa muCanvas.
Nekudaro, havasi vese munhu akagutsa kubudirira kweTörner - muunganidzi uye muimbi, Sirist Sir George Bumba nenzira yenzwi rakatsiura "rusununguko" uye "kusunungurwa" mabasa ake. Mushure mechinguva chidiki, hunyanzvi uye ruzivo rwuri mubasa raWilliam, uyo aifungidzira matanho ekupenda ekupedzisira makore 19 - kutanga kwamazana emakore, akakonzera maitiro anofarira evarindi.
Veruzhinji rwevictorian nguva, iyo yaisarudza realism, haina kusiyana neuwandu hwemifananidzo, pamwe nekuratidza mharidzo yejari, nekunetseka kwakanangana nemabasa mazhinji emhizha.
Muna 1830-184040, Turner akanyatsonzwa kurwiswa kwakaziviswa kubva kune vateereri uye vatsoropodzi. Muimbi akatove nemukurumbira wekupenga nekuda kwemamwe emabasa ake akaunganidzwa nekurebaya. Nezvese izvi, Mambokadzi Victoria akaramba kuvaka WETRIAM MUZVINHU. Nekudaro, pakanga painewo mhirizhonga yemabasa eBritish Parester - Munyori John Ryuskin akamupa zita remuchaini.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nezve hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwemuimbi akasarudzika anozivikanwa kuve zvidiki zvakanyanya, akanyatsovanza nhoroondo yehukama hwake. Kubva pamakore ekupedzisira kusvika parufu rwemubereki, akauya muna 1829, William aigara naye. Baba vaivewo mubatsiri uye shamwari.Turner haana kuwana mukadzi aive akagadzirira kuita mukadzi wake wepamutemo. Asi kwemakore mazhinji aigara pamwe chete nechirikadzi okuchembera anonzi Sara danby. Vakaroora vaive nevana vaviri, vasikana vese. Tevere, William ane makore gumi nemasere muchirau ne caroline booth, anogara muKolsea.
Rufu
Yakanga iri muKolsea musi waDecember 19, 1851 Hupenyu hweMutambi wakatsiura. Chikonzero cherufu chaive cholera chirwere. Mashoko ekupedzisira aWilliam Torner - "Zuva ndiMwari." Muimbi akavigwa muThe Cathedral yeSt Paul pedyo neGuva Sir Joshua Reynolds.
Muna 2014, firimu rehunyanzvi rakatungamirwa naMike Lee, rinotaura nezve chikamu chekupedzisira chehupenyu hwechirungu chechiArtist-marinist. William Turner akaridza mutambi ane tarenda uye movie theater Timoti Timothoteal.
Pendi
- 1799 - "Kuzvifunga"
- 1812 - "Chando"
- 1812 - "Shanduko Hanibhibal kuburikidza neAlps"
- 1818 - "DORDCHT"
- 1835 - "chiteshi cheGrand"
- 1839 - "Kureba kwechikepe chechikepe" chishandiso ""
- 1840 - "Shamu Ngarava"
- 1844 - "Kunaya, Steam uye Speed"
- 1845 - "Kubuda kwezuva neMarine Monsters"
- 1845 - "Nores Castle, Kubuda kwezuva"