Nhoroondo Yemunhu
Mumabasa aMaxim Gorky, realism uye romanticism zvinoshamisa zvinosanganiswa zvakasanganiswa. Nhau pfupi, kutungamirirwa kwakatemwa nekwavo kushorwa kwehukama, kugara munzvimbo inokosha iri pabasa remunyori. Basa re "Chekash" rinoreva nhamba yavo.Nhoroondo Yezvisikwa
Kunyora kwakanyorwa muna 1894. Sehwaro hwenhoroondo, Gorky akatora nyaya yakamutangisa nemuvakidzani mumba muchipatara cheguta reNikolaev. Kwapera gore, nyaya yacho yakaburitsa magazini "pfuma yeRussia".
Basa racho rakarongedzwa nemweya wekudanana rakawanda pakurondedzerwa kwechisikigo. Iyi kosi ndeye hunhu hwezvakanyorwa zvese zvekutanga zvemunyori. Chiso chikuru chinoita chichava mbavha isina pekugara uye dadunhgus. Iyo bammer haina kusarudzika chitarisiko. Akafanana nehasha. Iyo gamba rinoonekwa pamberi pemuverengi mune yakasimudzwa mood, sekufungidzira mari yaunowana. Iye naGabril, murume akasimba akasimba, akasarudza kuba usiku. Gorky anopa tsananguro yakadzama yemufananidzo wega wega usati watsanangura chiitiko chavo.
Mukupesana naCeljas, Gaburla mutendi uye nemurume ane mutsa ane makaro anoyambuka hupenyu hwese hupenyu. Pakutanga, zvinoita sekuti kudada uye kusununguka-nerudo-nerudo kunogogodza jaya nenzira yechokwadi, asi yakazonyatsoburitsa hurombo hwechokwadi. Cheljashi anoyeuka yake yakapfuura, yemuroora uye vabereki. Muchidimbu muGavrile anozviona, saka akasarudzwa kubatsira mukomana anodzoka kumba, achitadza kuwana mari.
Chekash inoda gungwa iro rinomupa kunzwa kwerusununguko. Gungwa rinokutendera kuti ukanganwe nezvekunetseka, kuongorora chimiro chaicho chegamba rega rega. Cheljash anoda simba uye rusununguko rwegungwa, uye Gabril anotya. Iye murombo aimbotenderera pasi anotya kuratidzwa kwesimba rekusingaperi kwemafungu, uye kutya kwakakosha kunoonekwa mumweya wake kana matsva ekutsvaga anovhenekera gungwa kure.
Chiedza chechikepe cheGavriori chichiona sechiratidzo chokuda uye chinowanika minamato. Asi mukana wemberi wekutakura unoratidza kuti mukomana anotya Mwari ndewenguva pfupi. Haana kufadzwa nemari yakagoverwa mari, uye akagadzirira kuuraya Chekasha nekuda kwe purofiti. Gamba rironda rinoenderana, rinosarudza mari yese uye inobhururuka miti yemhosva. Asi zvivi zvinobva kumweya weGavilli hazvishande.
Ichitsanangura chiitwa nemurume, zvinorwadza zvinoratidza kuti zviri nyore sei kurasikirwa nevanhu, kuchaita sei chisikwa chakaderera kana zvasvika pamari. Mubvunzo wekuvimbika uye kumukira kuri kumuka pano, uyo akavimbika kune munhu asina mvumo yeKulash anotarisana.
Nhau "Chekash"
Kuongororwa kwemufananidzo wevatambi kunopihwa pakutanga kwenyaya kunotevera rondedzero yechiteshi. Cheljasch ndeye isiri-mudiwa akadhakwa, anozivikanwa nekumbavha uye dexterity. Akareruka, asi anopinda muropa nebhodhoro haakanganise kubudirira kwemabhizimisi ayo. Gamba rinoonekwa nemunhu asingadzivisi, ane mhinduro uye chimiro cheakasiyana. Kune mabasa eGorky hunhu hwekuvapo kwevanhu vakadaro. Kazhinji vane mutoro usingaremukwirwi kune runako runofadza rwechimwe chinhu chakazara. Panyaya yeCelkash, pane rudo rusina kudzivirirwa kugungwa.
Murume ane nguva yakaoma. Hudu hwake hwakabudirira, asi hupenyu hwaive husiri nyore. Kubva kumukuru wemauto, anodada uye nerusununguko-rudo, akatanga kuva murombo. Hunhu hwehunhu hwegamba ndewekusanganisa hunhu hwakatarisana. Gorky akarondedzera zvimiro zvinowanikwa mune vanhu munzvimbo yakaoma, kufumura hunhu chaihwo hwemweya wemunhu. Nheyo uye zvakaipa zvemunhu zvinoongororwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro.
Chekash yakarasikirwa nechinangwa muhupenyu uye kuba kuti arambe aripo. Anoshandisa mari pakunwa uye zvakanyanya kukosha. Gabril akarota rurembo raro nemhuri, saka kuba kwake imhosva nekuda kwechinangwa chakanaka. Gorky anotendera kuti muverengi asarudze kuti ndiani kubva kune magamba akanaka, uye ndiani akarasikirwa nerumwari. Iko kuoma uye kupokana kwevatambi vevanyori havabvumidzwe kupindura mubvunzo wakasarudzika. Varume vese vari vaviri vanobatanidza zvisina kunaka zvinhu uye hunhu hwakanaka.
Bejakash, akajaira kufamba akasviba, akabvaruka uye asina kusununguka, ega. Haana munhu, saka ramangwana rake ramangwana rake rorwazvinetso. Anogara masikati ano, asinganetseki nezvebasa uye asingazive kutambudzika kwake. Mushure mekuve marara enharaunda, aidzinga kubva kwaari pfungwa nezvazvo, akadhonzwa. Gungwa chete ndiro rakapa gamba rekudzikama, nekuti maari ndiye Mambo wemamiriro ezvinhu.
Aimbove mukuru wekare akachengeta mhando yakaunza makore ebasa. Pasinei neiyo mbavha yejavha, Cheljaschi yakachengeta vanhu. Anoba haafari kupfupika, asi kutsigira mutete, asi mararamiro akajairwa. Akanyengera Gavill, akamurova pamba, Chekash akaenda nePasipoti Yake kubva kumurume. Iyo ichangobatana yakabatana yakaita humhandara yemurume akafadzwa nerombo rake.
Chekasha inosanganisira kuravira kwerusununguko, saka anoenda kuba. Akarasika munharaunda munhu uyo, ane zvese zvaunoda, haana kukoshesa izvi. Akarasikirwa nemhuri uye chinzvimbo, anofarira kusafunga nezve zvakaitika, kwete kushandura mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Doro uye tsvimbo, murume anooma marwadzo emweya kuti arege kuziva njodzi yake. Hupenyu hwangu hwakaiswa chibvumirano negamba, asi iye aive asiri kutyora kune mumwe.
Quotes
Pasinei nenhamo yemunhu mukuru, mufananidzo wake usina kunaka, zvivi uye kusazvibata, gorky zvakapa cheljasha ane hunhu hukuru, ikaenzaniswa neGungwa Guru:
"Iye, mbavha, aida gungwa. Kiiping yake kutyaira, zvigadziko zvemakaro, hazvina kumbobvira zvaitika mukufungisisa kwerima iri rerima, yakasimba, yakasununguka uye ine simba. "Chekash aiziva nezve kukosha kwekudonha kwake. Aitya kurangarira zvake zvakapfuura, nekuti pfungwa dzake dzakadzvinyirirwa uye haana kupa rugare, achityaira mweya wemunhu:
"Memory, iyi mahombekombe asingafare, kunyangwe kumutsa matombo ezvakapfuura uye kunyange muchuru, hapana nguva, akadurura uchi mudiwa ..."Iwo mweya wemurume wakaputswa nehupenyu Peripetias, chete huku uye nheyo dzevanhu dzakaramba dzakasimba mariri. Kudada uye kusaziva kwakadziyirwa mumweya wake, kusabvumira kusazadzisa pasi pegomba rakadzika-dzika, mairi munhu wake aiwonana nekukurumidza. Naizvozvo, Gabril akakonzera kuvenga kwake.
"Zvinogara zvisingafadzi kuona kuti munhu waunofunga zvakanyanya uye ari pasi pako, anoda kana kuvenga zvakafanana newe uye, saizvozvo, anova sewe."