Chisikwa chakawanda chakawanda chirahwe, uye chimwe chezvinhu zvakanakisa - zvakasviba nyaya, izvo zvisina kumboonekwa nemunhu, asi masayendisiti ane chivimbo chekuti zviripo. Iyi chinhu chisingagoneki chinozadza 85% yenzvimbo. Hofisi yezvigadzirisi ye 24cmi yakaunganidzwa ruzivo rwekutsvaga kwekutanga kwechakavanzika chikuru munyika yeAnglephys.
Ndeipi nyaya yerima
Nhau yerima muchadenga inonzi iyo musanganiswa wezvinhu zvisingaenzaniswi hwezvigadzirwa. Iyi fomu yezvinhu cosmic haina kucherechedzwa, nekuti haina kupindirana neyemagetsi emagetsi. Zvishandiso zvemazuva ano hazvisati zvave zvakagadzirirwa neutrine kana electromagnetic radiation. Zvinoenderana nekutsvaga kwekunyatsotarisisa kwevaongorori, kusanganisa uku kwechikamu chehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye zvinoratidzira mukukurukurirana kukuru - iyo kashanu zvimwe zvinhu zvinooneka.
Chinhu cherima, senge chero chinhu, chinotora chikamu mukupindirana uye chakaunganidzwa mumachira makuru munzvimbo dzekunze neGalaxies system. Astrophyss anotenda kuti kuumbwa kweiyi misa kunosanganisira zvidimbu izvo zvisati zvawanikwa mumamiriro epasi.
Dambudziko reMisimusi Yakavanzika
Iyo seti yekusakwanisa kudzidza kwezvinhu zviri mudenga zvakare inonzi yakavanzika misa. Kuvapo kwechinhu ichi chisingaonekwe hachisati chakaratidzwa, asi vaongorori vakaita izwi iri ratumira. ASTROPHYSS inoshandiswa kutsvaga nzira dzakasiyana dzinopa mhedzisiro dzakasiyana - maitiro zvinhu zvakafanotaurwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekudenga ekudenga anosiyana neicho chaicho.Zvinozivikanwa kuti kuunganidzwa kwenyeredzi kunotenderera muchadenga kwakakomberedza nzvimbo imwe. Paunenge uchiverenga masasi, vatsvagiri vakaziva kuti zvinhu izvi zviri nyore kwazvo kufamba neyakakura zvekumhanya munzvimbo - iyi "carousel" yaizodonha. Ipapo vazivi venyeredzi vakaunza pfungwa yemukuru akavanzika kuti kubva pakuona kwepfungwa kuti atsanangure zvakashata muzvidzidzo zvinopesana. Iko kukosha kweiyo hypothesis ndeyekuti nzvimbo yezvinhu "inofukidza" chinhu chisingaonekwe chine simba rinokwevera pasi, raisanganisira zvimedu zvisingazivikanwe.
Basa reuchapupu rekuvapo kwenyaya yerima inonzi dambudziko rehudyo hwakavanzika, iro rine maviri maviri ekuzvigadzirisa. Yekutanga, nyeredzi, ndiko kuti, kusarudzika muzvidzidzo zvezvakacherechedzwa zvemasazvo zvekunyepedzera zvinhu zvine chekuita nazvo (kuunganidzwa kwegerexies), nemaperembera anoonekwa anoona mhedzisiro yekukwevera. Dambudziko repiri rekuvapo kwehuwandu hwakavanzika hunonzi cosmilogical - izvi zvinopesana nezvakacherechedzwa zveCOSMological zviratidzo zvinoratidzwa maererano neyebhutsu yemukati yeMiddle Density yedenga rezvakasikwa.
Nhoroondo Yekudzidza
Dzidziso dzekutanga nezvekuvapo kwechinhu chisingaonekwe munzvimbo yakaitwa muna 1906, henri poinchare, paakatanga hypothenis of Lord kelvin pa kuongorora huwandu hwenyeredzi, dzichifunga nezvekuvandudza kwezvinhu zvezvinhu zvezvinhu. Muteveri wake achibva kuEstonia Ernst Epnns akauya kumhedziso yekuti hapana chakavanzika, kana kuti huwandu uhu hauna kukura sechinhu chinooneka. Shure kwake, The Dutch Muongorori Jacobus Karttein akaisa hypothesis pamusoro pekuvapo kwenzoma kutarisana nekuunganidzwa kwenyeredzi. Muyesa wesainzi akatanga kushandisa izwi iri.
Muma 1930s, Fritz Zwickki akaongorora mapoka ebvudzi reVeronica uye akazivisa boka rakakura remagariya ipapo. Munguva yekucherechedzwa, iyo Swiss Astronomer akaona kuti kushamwaridzana kunooneka kuri kushoma pane izvo chaizvo. Kuwanikwa kwakafanana kwakaitwa American Sinclair Smith panguva yekudzidza kweboka remhandara. Akaverenga avhareji yehuwandu hwechikamu chimwe cheboka reGirazi uye vakadzidza kuti zvakaenzana na2⋅1011 huwandu hwezuva. Iyi paradox akatsanangura nekuvapo kwechinhu chinzvimbo mumusangano.
Masayendisiti akatenda kuti kusiyana kwekunyepedzera kwemasangano akaonekwa egasi akapindirana neguruva anoratidza kuvapo kwechinhu chisingaonekwe. Panguva yekuvhura ZWICKS uye Smith, munharaunda yeAStronomer haina chokwadi kune aya mhedziso, nekuti hypothesis nezvekuvapo kwechinhu chisingaonekwe munzvimbo haina kufungwa zvakanyatsofungidzirwa.
Kutendeka kweiyo dzidziso yeHupo hwechinhu chisingaonekwe, chinotsaurwa nemuongorori weSwitzerland, akasimbisa vera Rubin mushure memakore makumi mana. Muongorori akawana zviratidzo zvekumhanya zvekumhanya kwekutenderera kweGirazi M 31 Galaxy. Muchikepe akaona kuti nyaya yacho iri ipapo, iyo isingakwanise kuburitswa neyekupedzisira kana radio freedency.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Jan Einoso akakurudzira kuvapo kweHoo rima nyaya. Ichi chinhu chekufungidzira chinowedzera kunze kwechikamu chinooneka cheiyo nyeredzi classter. Iyo misa yeHalo ndiyo yakakosha chikamu chevakawanda vegirazi. Ichi chiitiko chinogona kunge chisingaonekwe zvakananga. Astrophyss anowana halo pane pesvedzero yegesi nenyeredzi mumapoka enyeredzi.
Chii chine rima
Kuumbwa kweiyo cosmic fuminiti masayendisiti haana kudzidza. Vazivi venyeredzi vanodenda kuti chikamu chikuru, kubva pane imwe rima, - anopukuta. Huwandu hwezvidimbu izvi pane kakapetwa kakawanda kupfuura mapuroteni. Chinhu chinoratidzira chivakwa chete - chinoteerera mutemo weGiravhiti yepasi rese.Vazivi venyeredzi vari kutsvaga "vanyoreri" kuitira basa renjodzi. Zvinonzwisisika, chinhu icho chinosanganisira axions - hypothetically kusarerekera zvimedu, mwenje uye zvinorema neutrinos - asi huwandu hwacho husina kunaka, asi huwandu hwavo hunobata masimba enzvimbo. Masayendisiti anotenda kuti neutrinos mune zvakasikwa zvakanyanya semapikicha. Kuvapo kwezvidimbu izvi mune zvakasikwa vatsvagiri vakaratidza.
Muna 2020, nyanzvi dzeYunivhesiti yeIor York yakapa "mumiriri" weWimers - Hxakvvarkov. Izvi zvimedu zvakabatana kune mumwe nemumwe nenzira dzakasiyana uye ita seatomu hombe. Vatsvagiri veBritain vanotenda kuti hexakvarka yakagadzirwa zvinhu zvakangoita mushure mekuputika kukuru.
Tsvaga
Masayendisiti ari kutsvaga chinhu chisingaonekwe munzvimbo uye pasi. Mushure mekuyedza kwekuedza, vaongorori vakakurudzira kuti siginecha yezvinhu inogona kuve ye x-ray radiation yemazhizha. Zvakare, X-Racks anoshandiswa kutsvaga, inoonekwa padyo nenyeredzi dzeNetroni, kana kubuda kwechiedza munzvimbo idzi.
Muna 2020, masayendisiti eYunivhesiti yeChicago yakapihwa zvishandiso zvinokwanisa kubata zviratidzo zveaxion uye zvakavanzika mafoto. Vanotsvagurudza vane chivimbo chekuti idzi matekinoroji zvichasimudzira kudzidza kwezvinhu zvekunze.
Simba rerima
Iyo huwandu hwehuwandu hwechinhu chakajairika uye nerima inbomogeneously. Mune iyo simba-misa yezvisikwa, 5% inogara chinhu cheBaryon - chakajairika, kubva kune iyo nyeredzi nemapuraneti, kusanganisira pasi, uye 25% yenyaya yerima. Iyo inosara 70% inogara simba rima rinopikisa simba regiravhiti. Ichi chinhu chakakwirira kwazvo kupfuura gravity yepasi rose, izvo zvinokonzeresa kuwedzera kwakasimukira kwechisiko kubva pakuputika kukuru.Iyo tsvuku bias inoratidza inodiwa nemasayendisiti kuti vaunganidze kumhanya uye kubvisa mapoka enyeredzi. Pakutanga, vatsvagiri vakagamuchira muenzaniso wezvinhu zvakasikwa, zvichienderana nekuwedzera kwakaderera. Nekudaro, kuwanikwa kwesimba rerima kwakachinja mharidzo iyi. Muna 1998, venyeredzi venyeredzi vakaona kuti masango enyeredzi haanonoke nekufamba kwenguva, asi kufamba kungosimudzira chete - rimwe simba rakakonzera izvi, "kuyerera" nzvimbo. Zvinonzwisisika, nerubatsiro rwefungidziro pamusoro pekuvapo kwesimba rerima mune zvakasikwa, iwe unogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rezvakavanzika.
Nyeredzi dzerima
ASTROPHYs inoisa mberi iyo hypothesis iyo nyeredzi dzerima dzakave nenyeredzi dzine rima dzaivapo pamambakwedza ekuumbwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zvinhu zvinomiririrwa se hydrogen makore uye helium neyakajaira ye4 kusvika zviuru zvevashandisi vekunze. Iyo radiation yeaya nyeredzi haigone kugadziriswa nekuda kwekudziya kwepasi. Vanotsvagurudza vanotenda kuti zvinhu zvemarudzi aya zvakachengetedzwa pamazuva edu uye zvinokwanisika kuona ivo vachishandisa gamma radiation. Masayendisiti haabvi kuti nyeredzi dzerima dzinokanganisa kwemakore ekurima kwemakore ekutonhora molecular hydrogen.
Mushandi weLivermorsk National Laboratory George Cheeplin akataura kuti kune nyeredzi dzakasviba. Izvi zvinhu zvinoongorora zvinotaurirana zvinotaurirana zvezvinyorwa zvemakomba matema. Maererano neCeplin Hypothesis, chiitiko chechiitiko chinopfuura nepakati pezviitiko uye chinoshandurwa kuita simba reCuum. Singularity inonyangarika kubva pachiitiko chechiitiko, nekuti nzvimbo inosara ipapo iri kunetseka nesimba guru. Fungidzira zano pamusoro pemakomba akasviba uye akataura kuti pakanga pasina.
Mepu yenyaya yerima
Muna 2021, masayendisiti akagadzira kadhi rakanyanyisa kugoverwa kwenyaya yerima mudenga nhasi. Mhedzisiro yacho yakambonzwa mukati menyika yefizikisi nenyeredzi. Zvichienderana nezvidzidzo, masayendisiti akagumisa kuti chinhu chinogoverwa zvakaringana pane zvaifungidzirwa pane dzidziso yehukama hweAlbert Einstein. Uye izvi zvinoreva kuti iyo hurefu hwehunhu hwaive hwakaipa.
Uchishandisa huchenjeri hwekunyepedzera, vaongorori vakaongorora mwenje, izvo zvakaburitsa mazana emamiriyoni emamiriyoni egasi uye guruva masango, uye akadzidza fomu yekutambanudza. Nzvimbo chena inzvimbo yakasviba, pane kuzivana kwechokwadi kwevanhu. Mavara akasviba - nzvimbo dzisina chinhu, kana kunakidzwa. Masayendisiti anofunga kuti kune mimwe mitemo yefizikisi. Iri basa rakaratidza kuti nyaya iri kutariswa yakagoverwa seinstein inofungidzirwa, uye mapoka enyeredzi ndezvemaziso asingaonekwe kuzvimisikidzwa. Vachazivisi venyeredzi vanozivisa kuti izvi zvinowanikwa zvichachinja nzwisiso yenzvimbo.