Kufunga nezvedenga usiku, zvinokwanisika kuona zvigunwe zvigunwe zvigunwe zvekupedza, ndiko kuti, nyeredzi dzakapa michina yechigarire uye munda wekukwira. Ivo vanopesana neComet, asteroid, meteorite uye zvimwe zvinhu zvekudenga mukugara uchifamba uye kufamba munzira yakatarwa. Izvo zvavakasiyana uye ndeapi maitiro anozviita - mune iyo zvinhu 24cm.
Iyo comet yakasiyana neasteroid
Nzvimbo dzisina kujairika muRussia
Pasinei nekufanana kwekunze kwekunze, maInsteroids uye anokwikwidza akasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe nekuda kwezvinhu zvakati:
- Musiyano wekutanga musiyano uripo pakati pezvibodzwa zvemitumbi inoonekwa seyakagadziriswa yezuva. Iyo inoshambadzira ine chinhu chesimbi uye chine mabwe, uye chando cheguruva uye chando, dzimwe nguva kusanganisira mabwe matombo. Panguva imwecheteyo, vamiriri vemarudzi ese ezvemarudzi ezvekunze zvinhu zvakaumbwa pane yekutanga nhanho yeiyo solar system madzishe - angangoita 4-4,000 mabhiriyoni emakore apfuura.
- Tevere, zvinodikanwa kuti utaure kuti zvinyoreso zvakaumbwa kubva kuzuva, izvo zvakavabvumira kuti vasanganise ice, uye maasteroids - chirevo chiri pedyo.
- Kuvapo kwemuswe: Comet ine, uye iyo esteroid isipo.
- Saizi yeiyo orbits comet inopfuura iyo yeAstereroids, kuwedzera kune izvi, yekupedzisira yemitezo yemitezo iri kutarisirwa "kurwisa" kuti ubatane mubhandi.
Kutendeukira kurondedzero yechigadzirwa chechinhu chekunze, chinodikanwa kuti uzive kuti chimwe chezvikamu zveComa, boka remucheka, musanganiswa weguruva uye gasi, pamwe nekutambanudza kubva 150 zviuru zana kusvika mamirioni zana nemakumi matatu emamiriyoni kubva kuNucleus.
Chii chinonzi nucleus ye comet
Chikamu chikuru chechinhu chakaonekwa chedenga, chikamu chakakura chehuwandu hwemuviri we cosmic hunosangana mariri. Maererano neAmerican Astronomer Freda Lorens Wippens Wipple, Akasarudzwa naye kuma1930s, iyo yemhando yeComert's musanganiswa wechando ine zviyo zvechirume.Mushure meChidzidzo ichi, Kuroverana kwakadzika, kune zvakadzama neUnited States uye kwakatumirwa pane chimwe chinhu chekunze 1, muna2005 zvakava pachena kuti mune chokwadi chakasununguka, icho chiri guruva nePores inogara 4/5 yayo vhoriyamu.
Nei muswe weiyo comet yaigara ichitungamirirwa kubva kuzuva
Coma uye muswe hairi pasi pe 0,01% yehuwandu hwe comet, asi zvakakonzerwa navo kuti zvinoburitsa 99.9% yeiyo luminescence yakaiswa nechinhu chekunze zvichirererwa nemagasi ari muzvikamu izvi. Misoro yemiviri yekuwedzera iri kutariswa iri musanganiswa weguruva uye magasi, uye zvakare kuwedzera mazana emamiriyoni emakiromita uye ane chimiro chinoburitsa mwenje unowanikwa nenyeredzi.
Chikonzero nei muswe weduku wekudenga uchitungamirwa kupokana nezuva iri muchiitiko chemhepo yezuva, "kuputika" magasi mumuswe wechinhu chechinhu chinhu. Nekudaro, mhepo iyi haisi chimwe chinhu chinowanzonzwisiswa pasi peshoko iri. Sunny mhepo ndeyekuumbwa kwemapurotoni, elekitori uye zvimwe zvekutanga zvimedu. Kuita kwayo kunotungamira kuchokwadi chekuti chando cheComet chichava chiso chichibuda pamusoro pazvo, mushure mekutambanudza pamusoro pemamiriyoni emakiromita.
Nhoroondo Yekudzidza
Munguva dzekare, vanhu vane cauteousness uye kutya vakaburitsa kubuda kwemiviri yekuwedzera, kusunga zviitiko izvi nekumanikidza kunetsa nematambudziko.
Munguva yerumutsiridzo yeNytrark, Tycho Broge, nekubiridzira zvidzidzo zvake, neyekuumbwa kwezvinhu zvechikamu chimwe, nepo kushanda kwemazana maviri emakore akazokurudzira kuti miviri yekudenga yakaumbwa mushure mekuputika kwakaitika pane zvimwe mapuraneti. Lalovla inoomerera kune mafungiro eiyo mavambo kubva kuIntersttellar expanses.
Munguva yekupindirana pakati pemakore 1680-1688, galW iri mudiki gall speavertrestrial iri kusvika kuzuva, uye mamiriro ezvinhu aya akamuita kuti aongorore zvidimbu zvizere, sezvo chiitiko chikagadzira nhamba kupokana mukuratidzwa kweiyo redlinear kufamba.
Pashure pazvo, mushure menguva yakati wandei uye hurukuro, kusanganisira Newton, yakagadzira bhuku rezvinyorwa zvekushandisa uye izvo zvaakacherekedza, mune chaicho chinhu chimwe chinhu chekutenderera kwezuva. -36 makore. Muna 1758 hypothesis yakasimbiswa - muviri wekunze wakatumidzwa zita rinotumidzwa mushure make mushure mepasi panguva iyoyo, izvo zvakaratidzirwa nemunyori venyeredzi.
Kunzwisisa kuzere kweizvo izvo zvakanyanyisa cosmic miviri inomiririrwa muna 1986, apo Comet Halley yakava chinhu chekutanga chekunze kune iyo spacecraft, Bera-1 naBera-2 vakaenda. Kutenda kune vhesi zhinji dzakaiswa pavari, masayendisiti akagamuchira mifananidzo nezvenyaya yekuumbwa kweganda, zvakare zvakazoitika kuti kernel ice yakajairika ine splashes yeguruva.
Kubva kune yakakura kusvika padiki
Anopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu emazamu akaonekwa nevazivi venyeredzi, vane mukurumbira uye vanoshamisa vari pazasi:- Iyo inozivikanwa kwazvo yezviripo zviripo zvinhu ndezvekuti gallet comet. Kekutanga nguva yakacherechedzwa muna 239 BC. Ns. - Akabhururuka nepasi makumi matatu, uye pedyo sezvinobvira kupuraneti muna 837. Iyo inotevera nguva yemuviri wekuwedzera anozoonekwa kubva pasi muna 2061.
- Comet Lexel - inonzi iri padyo nepasi redu uye inobhururuka 2-2,2 miriyoni kubva pairi. Kuwanikwa kwaro kuri kweCHALP Meserier - Chiitiko chakaitika muma1970s, asi nzvimbo yenzvimbo yakatumidzwa mukukudza Andreile Lexel, uyo akadzidza kana akazivisa zvaakaburitsa mibairo yake muna 1772-1779.
- Chinhu chokudenga chinowanikwa muna 1900 naJobani, uyezve muna 1913 nemunyori vake weAstronomer. Iyo nguva yekufamba-famba yakatenderedza zuva ndeye makore 9,5, uye dhayeti ndeye 6 km. Muviri weCosmic wakabatanidzwa neye meteoric kuyerera kwekudhirowa kuchiitika muna Gumiguru uye uumbwe mushure mekupinda munharaunda yezvimedu zvekutarisa kufambiswa pamwe chete.
- Imwe yemitumbi inopenya kwazvo inopenya ndiyo inonzi. Comet Swazo. Yakavhurwa muna 1743, uye nyeredzi yayo yekukura ndeye7, kuwedzera kune izvi, yakawanda madhiri madhiri akawanikwa pamuviri we cosmic.
- Macnacta Comet, anotaurwa se "Big", yakanyorwa muna 2006 neAstronomer Robert Maknot K3bert Comedrestrial muviri mumakore makumi mana apfuura. Kuvapo kwake kwaionekwa nyore mukati mekuchamhembe hemisphere muna 2007, kunyangwe panguva yemasikati.
- Comet churyumova-gearasimenko - yakavhurika neTrarnomer kubva kuUSSR muna Gumiguru 1969 mushure mekunge Svetlana Photo GerasimenKo's PhotoSeps yegore rimwe chete (muchimwe chinhu chinzvimbo chaive pakutanga) Muviri weCosmic unokosha mukuti iyo chaiyo chimiro che kernel yayo inofungidzirwa kuti yakaumbwa mushure mekuvhiringidzwa kwemamwe maviri anovhunzwa.
- Madiki madiki ekudenga anosanganisira kadiki kirimu hartley 2 nehurefu hwemamirioni makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe munhoroondo yeUS Spact .
- Chikamu chikuru pakati pekuzivikanwa ndiBernarde-Bernstein Cometth km. Muviri wekudenga uri mugore rekudenga, iri mune imwechete yechiedza gore kubva kuZuva uye ichave iri pedyo naye muna 2031, uye yakatumidzwawo mushure mekuvhundutsa venyasha muPennsylvania.
Zvitsva Zvitsva
Negore, nharaunda yeAStronomer inoratidza miviri yetsva nyowani, yekupedzisira yavo inoburitswa pazasi:
- Comet c / 2020 F3 - yakatarwa muna Kurume 2020 kuburikidza neiyo newow telescope. Masayendisiti akafunga kuti moyo, kana musimboti, muviri we cosmic hausati wapukunyuka neZuva uye wakapatsanurwa, asi zvakakanganisika. Kukurira kushamwaridzana kwakakosha neyekupedzisira Luminaire, shure kwaakatanga kutama kubva iye nekuwana kupenya. Izvo zvakaonekwa neziso rakashama muna Chikunguru 2020, semuenzaniso, muStrersburg, nguva inotevera ichikwanisa kuona mushure memakore mazana matanhatu nemakumi masere.
- Muviri wekutanga weCosmic, wakavhurika nevazivi venyeredzi muna 2021, zvinovimbisa kuti kuve kwakanyanya kupenya kwegore rino. MunaNovember-Zvita, Comet C / 2021 A1 (Leonard) Ako kusvika zvakanyanya zvekuti zvichagona kufunga nezvisina mano, kungotadza maziso ake kudenga. Zvakare, iyo nzvimbo yemuviri ichave mamirioni mana kubva kuVenus - zvisati zvaitika, zviitiko zvishanu chete zvakanyorwa kana chinhu chevatambi chaive chakabatana kubva pasi.
Muenzi kubva kure cosmos
Gennady Borisov, Anotirisa weAmatea kubva kuCrimea kubva kuCrimea kubva kuCrimea, muzhizha ra19009 akawira mubhuku renhau rezvinyorwa, achiwana yekutanga munhoroondo yevanhu veInternetlar comet. Muchirimo chegore rimwe chetero, musimboti wemuviri wepfupi wakaparadzwa, nguva pfupi yapfuura, chinhu chekunze chakasiya iyo solar system, kudzokera kuInterstellar expanses. Yatova muna 2020, Borisov akaita zvekuwanikwa, achiwana nerubatsiro rweimba yemumba terescope 10th comet c2020 q1 borisov. Sezvazvakamboitika, zvakadaidzwa mukukudzwa kwake.
Chii chichaitika kana comet ichiwira pasi?
Saizi uye huwandu hwemazamu mashoma mashoma, mazana emamirioni enguva shoma kupfuura pasi, semhedzisiro yavanenge vasingakwanise kuita miviri yemukati yeiyo sosi syar system system system system. Uyezve, dzimwe nguva nyika yedu inopfuura kuburikidza nemazano, sezvakaitika muna 1910, gore, pasi rakapfuura nemuswe weGalla Comet, kwete kuchinjika.
Panguva imwecheteyo, kana zvichikwanisika, mamiriro ekunze uye magneosphere yepasi redu anogona kutambudzika zvakanyanya nekukanganiswa nekukanganiswa kwemuviri wedenga. Maererano nemaonero eAstrophyss kubva kuUS, Lisa Randall, nguva nenguva, nyika yakatarisana nekutsakatika kwemari yepasi mushure mekuvanzika kwevamiriri veOOtt.
Imwe yeyakawandisa nzvimbo yekutsakatika ndeyekufa kwedinosaurs, iyo makore 60-65 makore apfuura, zvinonyanya kuitika, mushure mezviitiko zvechero meteorite, zvinoshamisa, zvinhu, kana zvimwe zvinhu zvekunze zvepasi.
Zvitunha uye mamwe miviri yekukasira inobhururuka nguva nenguva iri kure, ichikubvumira kuti uvaone kubva pasi neziso rakashama. Pane zvekare zviitiko zvezvinhu zvinokonzeresa zvezvinhu zvekunze zvezvinhu zvepamusoro zviri pamusoro penyika - semuenzaniso, riinhi muna 1908 kumabvazuva kweSiberia, pamwe, meteasi yeTunusian akawa. Akapihwa akati, "Zvinonzwisisika kuratidza kunetseka pamusoro pekuti mune ramangwana, vanhu vanogona kunge vakatarisana nenjodzi iri pachena mukutarisana nemuenzi wechienzi anonzi" comet ". Kana chero chimwe chinhu chipi zvacho chipi zvacho chipi zvacho chipi zvacho cheizvozvo mune "zvakabudirira" nzira nzira inokonzeresa kukuvadza kwepasi, kudzokorora chimwe chinhu chakafanana nekutsakatika.