Biography
Muimbi weAmerica Mark Rotko is tenzi wenyika inozivikanwa yenyika yekubvisa, akamira pane zvakatanga kusikwa kwehunyanzvi hwekupenda tekinoroji yemuvara. Nhaka yake, Kuverenga Mabhuku eCanvas, kwave kuendeswa mumakumi emamiriyoni emadhora uye ari mumufananidzo mukuru wedzinza muNew York uye Museum of Madrid, uye zvakanyanya Pendi dzinokosha "Orange, Red, Red, yero" pendi dzinozivikanwa seanonyanya kukosha. "Kwete. 6 Kwete 6" ("yepepuru, yakasvibira uye" №1 "(" Humambo, Red ").Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mark Rotko, uyo akambonzi Marcus Yakovlevich Rotkovchich, akaberekerwa munaSeptember 25, 1903 muguta reVitebsk Province, munzvimbo iyo Daugavpils, nzvimbo yekutonga uye yetsika yeLatvia ikozvino. Iye mukomana akagamuchira dzidzo yakazara uye akadzidza kutaura nekuverenga mumitauro mitatu. Munzvimbo iyo vamiriri vechitendero cheJudyati vakarerwa, kupomerwa kwevanoita zvezvematongerwo enyika kwakauya, saka kubva pazera rekutanga hama nehama nehama nehanzvadzi dzakararama mukudzvinyirira uye kutya.
Iye murume akakwanisa kugamuchira dzidzo muchikoro chevaJudha chechiJudha, uyezve kuti adzivirire vana kubva muchiuto mumapoka eumambo hweRussia, mhuri yakatamira kuUnited States. Kashoma akagara muPortland akararama nedambudziko rakapukunyuka nedambudziko rekufa kwemutorwa, uye chiitiko ichi chakaita kuti vanoramba kugarirwa uye kutanga hupenyu hwavo.
Chero bedzi amai nevana vakuru vakachengeta nzira yekudya, Marcus muna 1921 akapedza chikoro cheLincoln uye, achisimbisa mutauro weChirungu, akava nhengo inoshingairira yenharaunda yechiJudha uye hunyanzvi hwekukurukurirana kwepamutemo. Kunwa nematambudziko ezvido zvevanhu vanoshanda uye kodzero dzevakadzi pakushandiswa kwemisangano yekudzivirira, rotko yakanga iri pakati pemisangano yakasarudzika yekushanda, uko kune anozivikanwa anarchists Billwood uye Emma Goldman akaoneka.
Kunzwa urwu, murume wechidiki akapinda muchikoro chekugadzira uye akateerera kuhurukuro yeiyo Foundist Commentism leatki, akatamira kuAmerica panguva yekuzvarwa kweArmenia mumaguta ehupfumi hweOttom. Mushure meizvozvo, Marcus akatamira kuLeague evadzidzi vezvakaitika kare vadzidzi vake uye akawira pasi pesimba reMeber weber, uyo akatanga mukurumbira wekuita basa iri muchitokisi.
Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemudzidzisi uyu ane tarenda, Rothko akaumba maonero ake ependi uye akaziva kuti pendi inogona kushandiswa sechiridzwa chekuzviratidzira kwepamoyo uye chechitendero.
Kupenda
Canvas yake, anomiririra manyorerwo enzvimbo dzerima uye zvifananidzo kubva kuupenyu hwevagari, hwaive hunonzwisiswa nevatsoropodzi. Kufumurwa kwemapendi eRotko kwakaunzwa muGarari yeChirungu Art neNew York, uye muimbi akawana hanya nevadzidzi vezvakaitika kare kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwerudzi rwepfuma sekuratidzira kuenzana kweiyo American pendi.
Hunhu hwechimiro chebasa "kugeza, kana chiitiko pamhenderekedzo" vakatanga kushandurwa vakananga kujeri, umo marimi akasviba akapa hupfumi hwemavara anopenya. Muna 1936, nzira iyi yekupenda rotko akaedza kurondedzera mubasa redzidziso, asi bhuku racho rakazotaurira pamusoro pezvinhu zvakatsanangurwa uye zvisina kujairika zvaive zvisati zvapera uye zvakaburitswa panguva yehupenyu hwemhizha.
Mukuedza kuenda kupfuura zvavakatarwa zvidzidzo zvemagariro uye zvematongerwo enyika, Maka nevateveri vakatendeukira kunzvimbo yekuziva kwevanhu, iyo inoenda kupfuura iyo miganhu yeimwe nhoroondo uye tsika. Uye kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, chinangwa che art kune muimbi wacho waizadza mukati memweya wemukati.
Pendi zhinji, yakanyorwa pasi pesimba rezano iri, yakave yekunonaka yezvirongwa zvekuzivisa uye yakagamuchira mazita e "Antigona", "Edip", "akabatwa nekusavirwa" uye "attupeus". Nekudaro, nenguva, Rotko akamira kufonera basa rake uye akaganhurira iye kune huwandu kana tsananguro yemavara anoshandiswa.
Iyo iri mune yakadai yeiyo artist's canvas iyo yakavezwa mune yakakurumbira art Center, ndeye peggy Guggenheim, uye kunyangwe kutsoropodzwa kwakapinza, vamwe vavo vakatengeswa nemutengo wemadhora mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu.
Gare gare, vakawanda vanonetseka basa kwemakore 7 kunge akaratidza gore negore panguva Museum of American Art Whitney. Mari yekupenda yakadaro se "Lavender uye Mulberry", "White Center", "tsvuku pane yakasviba bordeaux" uye "bhuruu, girini, brown", yakasvika mazana ezviuru emadhora.
Kubudirira kwekushambadzira hakuna kufadza muimbi, uye pakati pa1960s, iye akavata purojekiti idzva rinonzi The Capel Rotko. Zvinonakidza kuti chokwadi chekuti munyori wepfungwa, icho chaive kuberekwa kwekuzvarwa, vakasarudza kuisa mukamuri muchiRoma Katurike. Nekuda kweizvozvo, basa rakagadzirwa sechikamu chechirongwa ichi hwaive hwakaitwa hwekugadzira mumakore gumi apfuura, vanogona kuoneka mupikicha mumabhuku uye albums albums.
Hupenyu Hwako
Iyo kambani yeNivetart artists rothko akasangana neanogadzira zvishongo, uye muna 1933 musikana akanaka uyu asina hanya akazova mukadzi wake. Muna 1937, vakaroora vakaputsa uye mushure mekuyananisa saka vakatadza kunyatsogadzira hupenyu. Muna 1943, vaviri vacho vakazopedzisira varambana, muimbi aive mukuora mwoyo kwenguva refu, kurwadziwa nekuwoneka kuitika kwegeji.
Makore maviri gare gare, Rothko akasangana nevadiwa mutsva uye munguva pfupi akamboroora Maria Alice Bestell, ayo anozivana naye aishamwari pamwe chete neushamwari. Nekuda kwesimba rayo, muimbi akakurira kushungurudzika uye akanyora, ane mukurumbira weiyo yaive pendi "inononoka kuputira pamucheto wegungwa".
Pashure pacho, murume nemukadzi vakafamba zvakanyanya. Munguva yekushanya kuEurope muna 1950, vaive nemwanasikana akadaidzwa kuti Kate mukuremekedza amai vaRotko. Asi mushure mechirwere chakakonzera kusasimba, muimbi akarambana newawakaroorana naye uye makore apfuura aigara ega.
Rufu
Muna 1968, Rotko akatanga kutambudzika nekushayiwa simba kwemuviri, uye mushure mekuongororwa, vanachiremba vakaona mwenje weAorti uye vakagadzira mishonga yekunyora yakasarudzika zvakanyanya uye kushanda nesimba. Asi Mako akaregeredza zano uye akaramba achishanda, anonwa uye utsi.Nekuda kweizvozvo, akatanga kunetseka nekushungurudzika kwekuora mwoyo uye munaFebruary 25, 1970 Akazviuraya. Pazuva razvino, apo iro razvino basa risati rasvika mune chapel yeRotko, mutumbi waMabhizimusi akawana pasi pemubatanidzwa webasa. Mushure mekuvhurwa, zvakazoitika kuti mhosva yerufu yaive yakawandisa yemaronda, iyo yakakonzera kumira kwemoyo uye mupfuri muuropi.
Pendi
- 1947 - "yero, tsvuku uye orenji"
- 1949 - "Violet, dema, orenji, yero pane chena uye tsvuku"
- 1949 - №3 / ଖ13 ("Magenta, dema, Green paOrange")
- 1950 - "Yese Center" ("yero, pink uye lavender paRose")
- 1951 - №2 (№7 uye №2)
- 1953 - Pasina Kutaurwa
- 1953 - №3.
- 1953 - №61 ("ngura uye bhuruu")
- 1954 - №1 ("Royal Tsvuku uye Bhuruu")
- 1956 - Orange uye yero
- 1959 - "Nhema paMaroon"
- 1964-1967 - rotko chapel
- 1966 - Pasina Kutaurwa ("Bhuruu yakakamurwa neblue")