Biography
Clifforda Saimaka anoonekwa seimwe yevanhu venguva yemazuva ano yekuverenga nyaya muUnited States of America, pamwe nemunyori wechikuru weShivha wechikuru. Mabasa akadaro kubva kuBhaibheri rake se "rinorukwa kwezuva", "rarama kwazvo Nyasha", "guta", dzinoonekwa sevhenekeri chikamu chavo chekutanga.Clifford akanyora mabhuku anonakidza kwemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu, panguva iyo nyaya dzine gumi nemaviri uye shamwari dzakabudiswa, pamwe neyekupedzisira-28 dzidziso. Vamwe vavo vakazotevera disassled Quotes.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Clifford Donald Simak (saka nenzira chaiyo yezita rekupedzisira fantista) rakabudiswa musi waAugust 3, 1904 mudhorobha reAmerican reAmerica reMighville, iri muWisconsin. Pashure pacho, mune chikamu chikuru mabasa emunyori, chiitiko chakaendeswa kune vashandi vake vekuNative. Sekuru kwaClifferatia pamwe chete nemutsara waBaba, ane zita rinonzi Shimak, rakatakura zita reAmerica kubva kuBohemia, rinova nzvimbo yenhoroondo iri pakati peEurope, iyo yave chikamu chehafu yeCzech yeCzech Republic kusvika nhasi.
Mabhuku anonakidza akatanga kukoshesa kuziva kwemukomana kubva makore ekuita makore, uye akapesvedzera kusikwa kweMunyori weHerbert matsime, aive Musiki wemusikana akadaro se "murume" uye "munhu asingaoneki" uye "hondo yenyika". Sezvo anga agamuchira yechipiri dzidzo mune imwe yezvikoro zvemunharaunda, jaya rakatamira kuMadison, kwaakatanga kudzidza mutori venhau kuYunivhesiti yeWisconsin. Nekudaro, haana kuzombodzivirira diploma, nekuti akakanda zvidzidzo zvake.
Kupfuurirazve, munyori wenguva yemberi akashanda mumabhuku eMidwest kusvika muna 1939 akasaina chibvumirano nedzimwe yeguta mapepanhau Minneapolis Star uye Tribune. Naye, clifford inobatana pane inoenderera mberi yekuregerera kwake iye, zvaitika muna 1976. Kubva 1949, murume akashanda semupepeti mukuru weDhipatimendi reMinneapolis Star, uye kubva muna 1961 iye aive murongi wekutsvagisa uye akakurumbira minneapolis tribune.
Mabhuku
Semunyori, Clifford Saimak akatanga kuitwa muna 1931, panguva iyoyo ndipo painenge mharidzo yenhau yake yakaipa, inonzi "nyika yezuva rakatsvuka". Gore rose rakazotaurwa, murume akashandiswa pakusikwa kwenhau, se "inzwi mukusagadzikana", "asina kubudirira nzvimbo", "Goridhe Intereroid", "Mercury Mercury".
Muna 1933, saimak akafunga kusiya mabasa ekuverenga. Zvakanga zviri nekuda kweichi chikonzero icho kwemakore mashanu anotevera, chisikwa chega chakabudiswa chave chiitiko chesainzi ", icho chine chinamato chechitendero, icho chainyanya kuwanikwa mumabhuku engozi yekunyepedzera kweiyo nguva yetsiva. Mubasa iri, Clifford ndiye akatanga kune vese vevamiriri veGenre ndakaedza kupokana kutsanangura chokwadi chekuti zvakasikwa zvakasikwa nekunyadzisa.
Kudzoka kuzere kweSaimak kunyora Art kwakaitika muna 1938. Panguva ino, kuzivikanwa kwainge kuri kuwedzera munzira dzakawanda nekuda kwekubatana nemagazini yeGlossy inoshatisa ngano, iyo hurukuro yaJohn Campbell. Panguva dzakasiyana, mabasa aAzimov, Heinline, Kattnier, Stargeon, Del Rey naV Vanozhta vakabudiswa mune iyi edition. Clifford pamwe vanyori ava kuzivikanwa Musiki Golden Age of Ngano muna America, uyo wakagara makore 12, kubvira muna 1938 kusvika muna 1950.
Mabasa ekutanga emunyori, pakati pavo pakanga paine zita re1939 rakaburitswa naani "Space mainjiniya", vanotsanangurwa nenzira yekunyora zvizere kuCanons ye "yakasimba" science ngano. Iyi subway inoratidzirwa neinotarisa pane yehunyanzvi chikamu. Izvo zvinopesana zvinonzi "nyoro", izvo zvinotarisa pane zvekunyepedzera kwevanhu.
Nekuwana ruzivo rwekunyora, clifford inoda kuti ibve kubva mumugwagwa wekutenderera uye ugadzire yakasarudzika yemunyori maitiro ayo anodzidziswa nevatsoropodzi vepasita. Mumabasa avo avakazotevera, murume akataura nezvematare erugare aine ufos uye nezvenharaunda yemweya yemweya yemagariro, iri pamativi akasiyana ezvisikwa zvakakura. Vatorwa vaSimiak vachazorora mune imwe yematunhu emaruva eWenive Warconsin, pane kuita kuronga kwepasi.
Munyori akatenda kuti vanhu vane tariro vane tariro, asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo havana kutaurwa kutaura kuti mugari wega wega wezvose zvakasikwa anofanirwa kutanga kudzidza pa "Galactic Chikoro" se "grader rekutanga" rekutanga ". Muzvikamu zvekugadzira cheClifford, pakanga paine zvakare nguva yaaishanda kumadokero uye nyaya dzehondo.
Muna 1952, bhuku rinonzi "guta" racho rakabudiswa kekutanga, raive ranyorova yenyaya diki. Saimak akanyora bhuku mumazuva iwayo apo vanhu vakasangana nehondo huru-hurukuro huru - kutanga nyika yechipiri, uyezve Hondo yeKorea. Kuwedzera uye kusunungura basa "guta", clifford yakataura mhando yekuratidzira utsinye hwehutsinye uye kuvigwazve.
Mukupedzisira, nyika yekunyora yakasangana neUtopia, ichitaura nezvepasi renguva yemberi, mune iyo, panzvimbo yevanhu vanorarama marobhoti nembwa, zvine pfungwa. Pabasa iri, Saimak akapihwa mubairo wepasi rose wepasirese muna 1953, mushure mezvo akagamuchira mukurumbira wenyika yose. Mumakore mazhinji mazhinji ezvinyorwa zvekusika, munyori akapihwa kakawanda kakatarisana nenguva yekunyora yekunyora mubairo "neHugo" uye 1 nguva - "Neule".
MuSoviet Union nezve munyori ane tarenda, chete muna 1957, mushure mekuzivikanwa kwegazini "ruzivo" ruzivo "rwakashandurwa uye rwakabudiswa uye rwakabudiswa" kekutanga kune "kekutanga kuThe Mercury". Kubva pane izvi zvichienda mberi, zvizvarwa zvakati zvevadiri veSoviet vari kuyaruka uye vanhu vakuru vakatanga kufonera Clifford nemumwe wevanyori vanofarira zvekunyepedzera. Mabasa ake akabudiswa munhevedzano anonzi "mira clifford simak".
Muna 1960s, Saiimak akaomeswa kune akawanda manyoro, uye anotevera gumi nemakore akatevera akatanga kunyora zvinotungamira nenyaya, sezvo mamiriro ake ezvinhu akatanga kudzora nekukurumidza.
Pasinei neizvi, munyori akaramba achigadzira nguva pfupi yaitika muna 1988. Anopfuura makore masere pamberi peichi chiitiko, mumwe wemabasa ake apfuura akaburitswa - nyaya ye "grotto kutamba dhizi". Neichi icho, basa reSaimak rakapihwa kamwechete nemitsara mitatu huru dzekuverenga, dzaivapo munyika yesainzi ngano: "Louus", "Neue" uye "Hugo".
Iyo yekunyora inoshanda yeClifford yakasimira mune ramangwana yakava kukurudzira kwevashandi vakasiyana vevashandi vepasi rose. Mabasa akati wandei ake akapukunyuka nhoo semafirimu akazara-arega. Muna 1993, director weRussia Elhov akabvisa iyo firimu inonzi "Anomaly", mamiriro ezvinhu akatorwa kubva kune ruzha "nyama yose - huswa". Aktera Alexander Filippeenko akavimbika kuti azadzise basa reiyo central hunhu anonzi Hyram.
Ichokwadi chinonakidza ndechekuti mabhuku eSimak art akaratidzwawo munyika yekanyanya fashoni. Muna 2012, iyo Russian Brand magirazi anonzi Fakoshima, muvambi weiyo aive mugadziri wengontantin shiliv. Paunenge uchigadzira copyright accessorials
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1929, mukadzi wepamutemo weClifford Saimak aive mukadzi anonzi Key Kukenberg Simak. Nguva pfupi izvi zvadaro, vachangobva kuchangobva kuchata vakava vabereki vevana vaviri.Pasinei nenyaya yekuti mabhuku emunyori weAmerica anoremerwa nezviitiko zvinoshamisa, hupenyu hwemunhu hwaive hwakaringana kuyerwa uye kudzikama. Mune imwe yekubvunzurudzwa, Clifford akataura izvozvo, kunze kwebunauinzi uye kunyora zviitiko, aida kuenda kunobata hove, pamwe nekuunganidza zvitambi uye kutamba chess.
Rufu
Clifford Donald Saimak akararama hupenyu hwakareba uye hwakapfuma, uye akafa aine makore makumi masere nemasere muguta reMinneapolis musi waApril 25, 1988. Iyo chaiyo yakakonzera rufu haina kuziviswa, asi inogona kufungidzirwa kuti vakakurudzira kufa kwake kwakamuka kune dambudziko iri rehutano.
Quotes
"Hupenyu hahufaniri hwezvinhu izvo zvisina kufunga" "kuchembera chimwe chezvirango zvedu, uye chimwe chekodzero dzevanhu" "ndakanga ndisina nzira yekuraira Chokwadi chechokwadi pachako "BHAIBHERI
- 1962 - "Zvinenge sevanhu"
- 1963 - "Chinamira Chiteshi"
- 1966 - "Kana Uri Mumba Yasururirwa"
- 1968 - "Goblin Reserve"
- 1973 - "Epilogue"
- 1974 - "Mufananidzo weHondo yeMarathon"
- 1977 - "hama"
- 1978 - "New Shure kuona"
- 1980 - "Kuimba Zvakanaka"
- 1981 - "Gumi remuti!"