Nhoroondo Yemunhu
Shumba Nikolayevich Tolstoy - Iye Munyori weuzivi, achikurudzira kukundikana kwezvakaipa nechisimba. Iyo nyaya "Haji murat", akazvipira kumunhu aripo, anovhenekera pachena zano iri.Nhoroondo yeHunhu Creation
Jaya rine makore makumi maviri nerimwe-eshumba eshumba rinopinda muCaucasus uye vakapinda mutanho. Mumadhiriyuta ake, zviitiko zvakabatana neHAJ MURT zvinodzidziswa. Kuyemurwa kwemunhu uyu kwaive kwakashata, saka munyori webasa akasarudza hadji-murat highlander neiyo prototype yegamba rebasa. Pfungwa yenyaya yakatanga muna 1896. Munyori akava nechido chekudzidza biography yehondo uye kutevedzana kwehondo kwakaitika muCaucasus. Pakazosvika 1897, matanho ekutanga enyaya akaonekwa.
Muna 1898, mimwe mimwe mimwezve dhiraivha yakaonekwa. Izvi zvakatoteverwa nemakore matatu ebasa izvo zvaida kurwadzisa kupinza mune kukosha kwemibvunzo uye kudzidza chokwadi. Pakazosvika 1902, basa raive riri padanho rekupedzisira rebasa. Asi tolstoy akafunga kusuma muhurongwa hwerondedzero yeNicholas ini, uye munyori aifanira kudzidza zvimwe zvekuwedzera. Yokupedzisira Edits yakagadzirwa muna 1904.
Hai Murat aive murwi usingatyi. Uchenjeri hweMutungamiriri wakashamisa vamiriri verudzi chero rupi zvorudzi. Kurwiswa kwemutungamiri wemabhiza kwaizivikanwa nehasha uye chivimbo, uye kudzoka - kusagadzirira. Tolstoy anoyemura kuti Haji muurtu akakwanisa kudengenyeka kutenderedza munwe wemutungamiriri wehungwaru - Prince Volsov uye muchinda Argutinsky-dolgorukova.
Zvinorehwa nezita reMuslim rinongotsanangurwa. Rakashandurwa kubva kuArabic muRat zvinoreva "rakanangiswa", uye Hajj - "rwendo". Hiji Murat akaberekerwa muHunzach. Maonero ake ezvematongerwo enyika akachinja zvichienderana nezvaunoda iwe pachako.
Aive wezano uye mubatsiri wevaRussia, uyezve kwemakore gumi nemashanu akashanda sedudziro yezvibodzwa zveImiam Shamil, uyo akagadzira Hadji Mukuru wemutatu nemubati wake. Mukutanga kwegamba kwaive nheyo dzako uye dzinofarira. Pa25, mutungamiri weHongzakh aigona kubata simba uye akarisima kwemakore 9, ari pane rimwe divi reWorldview naShamil.
Akatsigira mauto eRussia uye akaramba ari pachivanze mushure mekubata kweHongzakh. Saka murume akazova mukuru wemauto emauto eAvarian aine chidiki khan sultan-Ahmedya. Nekukurumidza nekuda kwekukwikwidzana kwake naKhan Khaji-Murat akapomerwa mhosva uye kudzingwa munzvimbo yekugadzirisa, kwavakasiya kubatana kwevanhu vanofanira kutarisirwa.
Hondo yakakwanisa kutiza. Pashure paizvozvo, akava "ruoko rwerudyi" remuvengi achangoburwa - Shamil. Pamwe chete, maMuslim vaiitwa makore gumi mukutya kweRussia, kuronga kunorambidza uye kuranga mabasa. Asi ushamwari naImam wakasvika kumagumo nekuda kwekugadzirira kwemutungamiriri wehasha.
Mukupedzisira kwekusangana, akabva ave hondo. Hondo dzevarwi rakabvuma kufa muhondo refu yeropa, maakafunga mauto akati wandei. Akakuvadzwa, akaramba achirova kurwiswa. Haji muratt akaurayiwa kuburikidza nekutsauka kwemusoro.
Tale "Haji muat"
Zviri mukati mezvinyorwa zvinotaura nezve maHerbor avarza, anopesana nemauto eRussia muCaucasus. Vabva Imamu, akavanza mukamuri rechechi, akabva atiza. Iyo gamba rakafunga kuenda kune kutengeserana nevapikisi uye vakatanga kubatsira vaRussia. Akanyora rurongwa akakunda pamusoro peImamu uye kusunungurwa kwemhuri, aive atapwa naShamil.
Kuve mune chimiro cheutapwa, haji murat anogamuchirwa noushamwari kubva kushamwari nyowani. Adjutant Prince Vorontova vanorekodha Biography yeAnvar, uye muverengi anova chapupu kune zvakakosha zviitiko zvehupenyu hwegamba. Nemhaka yehutungamiri hweMushumiri wemauto ChernysHev, chibvumirano naHaji Muter vakaputsa, uye anomhanya. Nekuda kwekudzingirira, murwi wakashinga anoitika kuti awedzere kuwanda. Inoitwa, uye vanounza musoro kumuchinda.
Ushingi hweHadji - Murat takakunda makomo iwo. Aigara achipikisa vabati vezvevakuru vehondo yeRussia, sezvo murwi akasarudzwa uye abudiriro. Paunenge uchigadzira basa, tolstoy akafemerwa nekusatya uye kutsunga kwegamba rake. Munhu wokusununguka uye akashinga akakonzera hupenyu hwake hwese.
Nekuda kwemhuri, akaenda kunzvimbo dzisina kugadzikana uye akava musungwa. Use Highlander, uyo akateedzera zvinangwa zvake, aisada kugara muRussia, achiziva kuti aisazowana mhinduro dzadzo kune dambudziko ravo.
Kuzvidzivirira
Shumba tolstoy yakanga isiri iyo yega muimbi, iyo yakafadzwa nevateveri veHaji muurat. Vatungamiriri veUSSR, Turkey uye Italy yakagadzira zviteshi zvefirimu zvichienderana nebhuku remunyori. Iyo yekutanga firimu iri "chena Dhiyabhorosi" - yakabuda muna 1930 muUSSR. Director Alexander Volkov akakokwa kune imwe nzvimbo huru mufirimu reMutambi Ivana Mozroshin.
Muna 1959, iyo Italian Ricardo Freda akabvisa iyo Khugi Mufirimu - White Dhiabhori nekupaza kweSteve rivza. Muna 1968, chirongwa cheiyopi chakagadzirwa muTurkey. Basa guru mufirimu rakaitwa naGünit Arkin. Uye muna 1966, Georgy Defity akava zviitiko zvekare zvinosanganisira Hadji Merat. Rasul Gamzatov akanyora script of the picture, asi iyo firimu haina kubvumidzwa kupfura iyo Soviet censorship.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Kushanda pane zvakasikwa nyaya, Lev nikolayevich tolstoy yakadzidza huwandu hwakakura hwezvinhu. Aida kuvimbika kutaurisa hunhu uye kutaridzika kwegamba rina rakaita riya, uye zvakare tsanangura zvakare chokwadi chechokwadi nhoroondo. Kuti unyore yekutanga sketch, munyori akadzidza anodarika mazana mashanu emapeji ezvinyorwa uye zvigadzirwa. Iyo nyaya inoratidza iyo data yaakadzidza kubva kuzvimiririra uye zvinyorwa zvepamutemo.
- Ushingi uye tembere yeHaji muurtus yakakunda godo, uye akatoenda kunosangana nehama yeHighlander. Mwanakomana waAnavar Gullah mumanyorerwo akagovana nemunyori mashoko eupenyu hwaBaba.
- Tolstoy haana kurwira iyo edition yeHageji MerRA uye haina kurega nyaya yacho panguva yehupenyu hwake. Icho chaive chisarudzo chemunyori. Mushure mekufa kwake, akaburitsa bhuku rakanzi "Posthumous Artworks L.n. Tolstoy, "iyo nyaya yakapinda. Akabudiswa kuMoscow muna 1912, mushure mekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nemirairo yekufananidza. MuBerlin, mugore rimwe chetero, bhuku racho rakaitwa pasina kurongedza. Vaverengi veRussia vakatanga kuverenga zvakazara nyaya muna 1917.