Ubuzima
Felix Drnzerzhinsky ni "knight" yizerwa, yinjiye mu mateka y'Abasoviyeti ari ukomoka mu mateka y'indashyikirwa ari Leta n'umuhanga mu byapolitiki kandi umunyapolitiki warwaniye kwibohora igihugu cy'umurimo. Igikorwa cy'impinduramatwara ya "Iron Felix" muri societe ya none irasobanuwe - bamwe batekereza ko ari intwari n '"inkuba ya Bourgeoisie", kandi abandi bibuka ko ari abicanyi b'abagome banga ikiremwamuntu.
Djwerzhinsky Felix Edmundovich yavutse ku mutungo w'igitsina, muri Nzeri 1877 muri sarnate w'igitsina, giherereye mu Ntara ya Vilen (ubu ni akarere ka minsk wa Biyelorusiya). Ababyeyi be barize kandi bafite ubwenge - Se, umunyacyubahiro-Igipolonye-Shlokhtich, yakoraga nk'umukobwa w'isi n'umujyanama wabo, kandi nyina yari umukobwa ubaho.
Kazoza knight y'impinduramatwara yavutse imburagihe kandi yakiriye izina Felix ko mu buhinduzi bwasobanuraga "kwishima." Ntabwo yabaye umuhungu w'ikinege w'ababyeyi be - mu muryango wa Drzerzhinsky habaye abana 9 gusa mu myaka 1882 gusa nyuma y'urupfu rw'umuryango wavuye mu gitunde.
Yasigaye wenyine hamwe n'abana mu maboko, Madamu wa Drizerzhinsky w'imyaka 32 w'imyaka 32 yagerageje kurera abana be akwiriye kandi bigishijwe abantu. Kubwibyo, Feligisi yatangaga imyaka irindwi, aho atagaragaje ibisubizo byo hejuru. Rwose atazi ururimi Russian, Dzerzhinsky yasezeranye imyaka ibiri mu mwaka wa mbere no mu mpera grade munani kurekurwa na ubuhamya aho rating "mwiza" bahagaze gusa amategeko y'Imana.
Impamvu yubushakashatsi bwe bubi ntabwo yari intege nke, ariko guterana amagambo asanzwe nabarimu. Muri icyo gihe, yarose kurenga imyaka atoroshye (umuyobozi w'umupadiri wa Polonye, bityo ntiyagerageza kuri siyanse ya Granite.
Mu 1895, muri Gymnasium Ferix Drizerzhinsky yinjiye mu ruzinduko rwa demokarasi, mu nzego zatangiye kuyobora poropagande zivanze. Ku bikorwa byabo mu 1897, ari muri gereza, nyuma yoherezwa muri Nolinsk. Ihuza rimaze kuba impinduramatwara yumwuga Felmundovich akomeje kwiyamamariza, yirukanwa no mu mudugudu wa Kai. Hamwe n'ihuza rye rimaze igihe Derzhinsky yahungiye i Lituwaniya, hanyuma yerekeza muri Polonye.
Ibikorwa by'impinduramatwara
Mu 1899, nyuma yo guhunga ihuza, Felix Derzhinsky i Warsaw arema ibirori byo kurengera demokarasi by'Uburusiya, aho yongera gufatwa no koherezwa muri Siberiya. Ariko yongeye gukora ngo ahunge. Icyo gihe, guhunga impinduramatwara kwarangiye mu mahanga, aho yahuriye n'ikinyamakuru Vladimir Lenin ", ibikubiyeho byashimangiye gusa umwanya we wa impinduramatwara.
Mu 1906, DERZZSky yahamwaga ku giti cye guhura na Lenin i Stockholm, kuva icyo gihe yashyigikiraga umuyoboke udahinduka "umuyobozi w'isi." Yajyanywe mu ntera ya RSDLP nk'umuhagarariye Polonye na Lituwaniya. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, kugeza mu 1917, Feligisi Edmundovich yaje muri gereza, aho amahuza n'abambarwa bababaye buri gihe bakurikiye, ariko igihe cyose yashoboye guhunga agasubira kumutwe ".
Impinduramatwara ya Gashyantare yo mu 1917 yabaye intambwe mu mwuga w'impinduramatwara ya Drzerzhinsky. Harimo komite ya Moscou ya Bolsheviks, murwego yatangiye kwibasira ibirori byose bya Bolshevik mu myigaragambyo yitwaje intwaro. Umwete we washimiwe na Lenin - mu nama ya komite nkuru y'ishyaka Ferix Edmundovich yatowe mu kigo cy'impinduramatwara cya gisirikare, kubera ko ashyigikiye intare ya Tratsky no kumufasha kurema ingabo zitukura.
Umutwe wa HFC
Ukuboza 1917, ku nama ya komisiyo y'abantu, RSFSR yahisemo gukora Komisiyo yose yo mu Burusiya mu Nama Njyanama. Pec yabaye "igitugu cya proletariat" mu kurwanya abatavuga rumwe na leta nshya. Uyu muryango warimo 7 "chekist" gusa, uyobowe na Felix Derizerzhinsky, waburaniraga imbaraga z'abakozi n'abahinzi mu bikorwa byo kurwanya imari.
Ku mutwe wa "Apriti yo guhana", Derzhinsky ntabwo yari umurwanyi "iterabwoba ryera", ariko kandi "Umukiza" wa Repubulika y'inama. Bitewe n'ibikorwa bye bijyanye, ibiraro birenga 2000 byagaruwe, hasigaye inshuro zigera ku bihumbi 2.5 n'ibirometero ibihumbi 10 bya gari ya moshi.
Nanone, Drizerzhinsky ku giti cye yagiye muri Siberiya, mugihe cyo mu 1919 aricyo gihe cyatanga umusaruro mwinshi, kandi kigagenzurwa nakazi k'ibicuruzwa, byatumye bishoboka gutanga toni zigera kuri miliyoni 40 z'igihugu na 3.5 Miriyoni ya toni y'inyama.
Byongeye kandi, Felix Drzerzhinsky yafashije abaganga kuzigama igihugu cya tifoyide, bategura imiti idahagarara. Umuyobozi wa NGC yafashe kandi agakiza k'igisekuru cy'Uburusiya - yerekeje inshingano z'abana, afasha gushinga imiryango n'imivurumba by'ibipfumbanyi mu mirima, byahinduwe mu mazu n'amazu yatoranijwe.
Mu 1922, hasigaye umuyobozi wa komite ishinzwe umutekano w'igihugu, Felix Derzhinsky yerekejwe n'ibiro bya politiki nyamukuru kuri NKVD. Yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu guteza imbere politiki nshya y'ubukungu ya leta y'Abasoviyeti. Kuri gahunda y'umutware "chekist" mu gihugu, abaturage n'inzego n'inzego n'inzego n'inzego zateguwe, ku iterambere ry'ishoramari ry'amahanga ryakuruwe.
Mu 1924, Feligisi Derzhinsky yabaye umuyobozi w'ubukungu bwo hejuru bwa USSR. Muri iyi nyandiko, impinduramatwara ifite ubwitange bwuzuye bwatangiye guharanira kuyobora igihugu cyo kuvugurura igihugu. Yashyigikiye iterambere ry'ubucuruzi bwigenga, bwasabye kurema ibintu byiza. Nanone, "icyuma" cyagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry'inganda za rusange mu gihugu.
Muri icyo gihe, yarwanye n'uwarwanywaga, kubera ko yateranije ubumwe bw'Ishyaka kandi akagira politiki nshya y'ubukungu. Djwerzhinsky yakozwe kugirango ahindure burundu sisitemu yo gucunga igihugu, gutinya ko umunyagitugu azagera kumutwe wa Ussr, "gushyingura" ibisubizo byose bya revolution.
Rero, "abatagira impuhwe nandubi" Felix Drinzweszhinsky yinjiye mu nkuru nk'umukozi w'iteka. Yari umuntu wiyoroshya cyane kandi ahubwo ntanda, ntanigeze asinda kandi ntiyahindukira. Byongeye kandi, umutwe wa HCHK watsindiye nkumuntu udashobora kubora, udashidikanywaho kandi uhagaze kandi ushikamye kandi uhoraho wahagaritswe ubuzima bwayo bwubuzima bwa "Ntibikwiye".
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwite bwa Felix Derzhinsky bwahoraga kuri gahunda ya kabiri kumutwe mukuru "Chekist". Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, ntabwo yari umunyamahanga ku rutonde rwabantu nurukundo, ibyo yatwaye binyuze muri revolime eshatu no mu ntambara y'abenegihugu.
Margarita Nikolaev yabaye urukundo rwa mbere rwa Felix Drzerzhinsky, uwo yahuye na we mu musaruro we wa mbere muri Nolinsk. Yamushimishije ko abonye amaso ye ya impinduramatwara.
Ariko uru rukundo ntirwari rufite finale yishimye - nyuma yo guhunga amahuza impinduramatwara mu myaka itari mike, nahuye na bakundwa, mu 1899 hasabwe guhagarika inzandiko z'urukundo, kuko yashishikajwe no guhagarika uru rukundo, kuko yashishikajwe no guhagarika indi mpinduramatwara, Julia Goldman. Ariko ubwo busabane bwari muri make - Goldman yari arwaye igituntu maze apfa mu 1904 mu Busuwisi mu Busuwisi.
Mu 1910, Sofiya Mushkat, na we yari umuntu ukora impinduramatwara, yafashe icyuma Felix. Amezi make nyuma yo kumenyana, umukundwa yarashyingiranywe, ariko umunezero wabo umaze igihe kinini - umugore wa mbere kandi wa DERZHISKY yafashwe kandi atyaza muri gereza, aho mu 1911 yibarutse umuhungu wa Yana.
Nyuma yo kubyara Sofiya Mushkat yakatiye ku muyaga w'iteka na Siberiya kandi wambuwe uburenganzira bwose bwa Leta. Kugeza mu 1912, yabaga mu mudugudu wa Oroling, aho ishyanga ryarokotse inyandiko zo mu mahanga.
Abashakanye ba Drizerzhinsky, nyuma yo gutandukana kurambuye, bahuye nyuma yimyaka 6 gusa. Mu 1918, igihe Feligisi Edmundovich yayobowe nigituza, Sofiya Sigsmna yakiriye amahirwe yo gusubira mu gihugu cye. Nyuma yibyo, umuryango utuye muri Kremn, aho abashakanye babaga kugeza iminsi yabo irangiye.
Urupfu
Felix Drnzerzhinsky yapfuye ku ya 20 Nyakanga 1926 kuri Plenum wa Komite Nkuru. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'urupfu rwagati ni igitero cy'umutima, cyamubayeho mu gihe kingana n'amasaha y'amasaha abiri yeguriwe Leta y'ubukungu bwa USSR.
Birazwi ko ibibazo byumutima kumutwe wa Pec byavumbuwe mu 1922. Noneho abaganga baburiye impinduramatwara ikeneye kugabanya umunsi w'akazi, kubera ko umutwaro urenze uzabica. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Drangwarzhinsky w'imyaka 48, Derzzinsky w'imyaka 48 yakomeje guhabwa akazi, kubera umutima we wahagaze.
Felix Ferix Drnzerzhinsky yabaye ku ya 22 Nyakanga 1926. Ingoma yashyinguwe ku rukuta rwa Kremlin kuri kare ya Moscou.
Izina rya Felix Drzerzhinsky ridapfa mu mijyi n'imidugudu myinshi mu mwanya wose-wo mu Busosiya. Izina rye rifite imihanda ibihumbi 1.5, kare na Adys z'Uburusiya.