Ivan Aivazovsky - Biography, ifoto, ubuzima bwihariye, imirimo

Ubuzima

Ivan Kontantinovich Aivazovysky - Irangi rizwi cyane mu Burusiya-Marines, umwanditsi arenze ibihumbi bitandatu. Porofeseri, mu ishuri, Pethenate, umwe mu bagize itsinda ry'ubuhanzi bwa St. Petersburg, Amsterdam, Roma, Stuttgart, Paris na Florence.

Umuhanzi uzaza yavukiye muri Feodosia, mu 1817, mu muryango wa Gevortk na Riivazovsky. Mama Ovasnes (verisiyo ya Arumeniya yitiriwe Ivan) yari umunyarumeni wuzuye, kandi se yabaye mu Banyarumeniya bimukiye mu Burengerazuba bwa Arumeniya, bwari buyobowe na Abanyaturukiya. Muri Feoosia, Gevork yatuye munsi yizina rya Gaivazovsky, yandika muburyo bwa Polonye.

Se wa Ovansa yari umuntu utangaje, afite ikirego. Papa yari azi Igiturukiya, Hongiriya, Igipolonye Igipolonye, ​​Ukraine, Ikirusiya, ndetse n'indimi za Gypsy. Muri Crimée, Gevork Aivazyan, wabaye kontantin Grigorievich Gaivazovy, yishora mu bucuruzi. Muri iyo minsi, Feodosiya yariyongereye vuba, abona uko icyambu mpuzamahanga kimeze, ariko intsinzi yose y'umucuruzi w'imbere yazanye kuri zeru icyorezo cy'icyorezo, cyatangiye nyuma y'intambara na Napoleon.

Mugihe cyo kuvuka kwa Ivan, Gaivazovsky yari asanzwe mwene Sarigisi, wajyanye izina rya Gaburiyeli muri Mostastique, ubwo abakobwa batatu bavuka, ariko umuryango wabayeho cyane. Umubyeyi wica umutwe wafashije umugabo we, agurisha ubudodo bwe. Ivan yasizwe n'umwana urota. Mu gitondo yarabyutse yiruka ku nkombe z'inyanja, aho yashoboraga kureba amasaha yo kureba inkiko, amato mato yo kuroba mu cyambu, ashimira ubwiza budasanzwe kubera izuba rirenze, inkubi y'umuyaga.

Umuhungu yandika amashusho ye ya mbere kumusenyi, na nyuma yiminota mike bogejwe hamwe na surf. Hanyuma yitwaje agace k'amakara kandi ashushanyijeho amashusho y'urukuta rwera rw'inzu aho Gaivazovysky yabayeho. Data yarebye, arunganya ibihangano by'umuhungu we, ariko ntiyamuhindukirira, ariko abigiramo ibitekerezo. Kuva mu myaka icumi Ivan yakoraga mu iduka rya kawa, ifasha umuryango, itamubujije kwiyongera umwana w'umubuka kandi ufite impano.

Nkumwana, Aivazovsky ubwe yize gucuranga inanga, kandi, byumvikane, burigihe, buri gihe, buri gihe acogora. Iherezo ryamuzanye kuri Bleodosi umwubatsi yakov Koh, kandi uyu mwanya ufatwa nk'uwahindutse, kumenyana na biografiya yAbarinzi b'ejo hazaza. Kubona ubushobozi bwubuhanzi bwumuhungu, Koh yatanze umuhanzi ukiri muto hamwe namakaramu, amarangi, yatanze amasomo yambere yo gushushanya. Umutego wa kabiri wa Ivana wabaye umusizi wa Feodosiya Alexander Treaschaev. Guverineri yashyizeho umukino w'ubuhanga wa Vanya kuri Violon, kuko we ubwe yakundaga cyane.

Mu 1830, TESCRARS yagaragaje Aivazovsky kuri Simpmuropol Gymnasium. Muri Simferopol, umugore wa guverineri wa Tauride Naryshkin yerekeje ibitekerezo ku mwana w'igituwe. Ivan yatangiye kugirana na kenshi mu rugo rwe, kandi umudamu w'isi yatanze isomero rye afite, icyegeranyo cy'ibishushanyo, ibitabo bijyanye no gushushanya, ubuhanzi. Umuhungu yakoraga neza, yandukuye imirimo izwi, etudes irangi, ibishushanyo.

Abifashijwemo na Porvoite ya Salvator Tonchi Naryshkin, ahindukirira Olenin, perezida w'ishuri rya Sineliya muri St. Petersburg, hamwe no gutegura umuhungu mu ishuri hamwe n'ikibaho cyuzuye. Mu ibaruwa, yasobanuye impano ya aivazovysky birambuye, ubuzima bwe no gushushanya. Olenin yagereranije impano y'umusore, kandi bidatinze Ivan yitirirwa izina ry'ubuhanzi afite ishyaka ry'umwami Nikolai kimwe, nabonye amashusho yohereje.

Afite imyaka 13, Ivan Aivazovsky yabaye umunyeshuri ukiri muto wishuri mu rwego rwa LETA VEROBYOV. Umwarimu w'inararibonye yahise agera ku bunini n'imbaraga zose z'impano ya aivazovys kandi bishoboka cyane guha umusore amashuri makuru, ubwoko bwa tekinike kandi ifatika, ivan kontantinoovich yahise iba.

Umunyeshuri wihuse cyane yarenze mwarimu, kandi Vorobyov yasabye Avazovsky Philippe Tanner, Marines Marinist w'Umufaransa wageze i St. Petersburg. Tanner na Aivazovsky ntibagereranije inyuguti. Umufaransa yajugunye umunyeshuri umushinga wose, ariko Ivan aracyabona umwanya wo gushushanya kwe.

Gushushanya

Mu 1836, habaye imurikagurisha, aho imurikagurisha ry'abananne na muto ayvazovsky yatanzwe. Imwe mu mirimo ya Ivan KanStantinovich yahawe umudari wa feza, yonyine mu kinyamakuru Metropolitan na we yamushimye, Abafaransa batukwa mu mico. Filipo, gutwika uburakari n'ishyari, binubira umwami w'abami ku munyeshuri w'ubushobozi bwo kwerekana ko agaragaza umurimo we mu imurikagurisha atabimenyesheje umwarimu.

Mu buryo bw'umufaransa, Umufaransa yari afite ukuri, kandi Nikolai ategeka gukuraho amashusho mu imurikagurisha, kandi Ivazovsky ubwe yaguye mu gikona mu rukiko. Umuhanzi w'umuhanga yashyigikiwe n'ubwenge bwiza bw'umurwa mukuru, uwo yashoboye kubyarana: Amababa, Zhukovsky, Perezida wa Acaldin. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urubanza rwafashwe icyemezo cyo gushyigikira Ivan, aho Alexander Zaeriweed, wigishaga gushushanya na barumuna babo.

Nikolai yahaye Aivazovsky ndetse amwohereza hamwe n'umuhungu we Kontantin mu mato ya Baltique. Cesirarevich yize urufatiro rw'inyanja n'ubuyobozi bwamato, na Aivazovsky byihariye muruhande rwikibazo (biragoye kwandika amashusho namato, ntabwo azi ibikoresho byabo).

Cheeceri yose yabaye umwarimu wa Aivazovsky mwishuri ryintambara. Nyuma y'amezi make, muri Nzeri 1837, umunyeshuri ufite impano yahawe umudari wa zahabu ku ishusho "intara", nyuma y'ubuyobozi bwa Acouvems bwafashe icyemezo cyo gutanga umuhanzi mu kigo cy'uburezi, kubera ko ntacyo cyatumaga umuntu.

Mfite imyaka 20, Ivan Avazovsky yabaye umunyeshuri ukiri muto urangije amashuri makuru (akurikije amategeko yagombaga kwiga indi myaka itatu) akajya mu rugendo rwishyuwe: ubanza mu rugendo rwe mu myaka ibiri, kandi Noneho imyaka itandatu igana mu Burayi. Umuhanzi wishimye yasubiye kuri bene wabo Feodosia, hanyuma anyura muri Criméeta, yagize uruhare mu guhana igabanywa ry'ibanze muri umuringi. Muri icyo gihe, yanditse imirimo myinshi, harimo n'ibintu by'amahoro yo mu mahoro no ku rugamba.

Nyuma yo kuguma muri St. Petersburg mu 1840, Aivazovsky yagiye muri Venise, kuva aho yerekeza i Florence na Roma. Muri uru rugendo, Ivan Kontantinovich yahuye n'umuvandimwe mukuru Gaburiyeli, umumonaki ku kirwa cya Saint Lazaro, yahuye na Gogol. Mu Butaliyani, umuhanzi yize imirimo ya Masters akomeye maze yandikira Loti wenyine. Ahantu hose yerekanye amashusho ye, benshi baguzwe ako kanya.

Igicapo cye "akajagari" cyifuzaga kugura ipiki. Ivan Kanterantino, ku giti cye yerekanye ifoto ya Pontiff. Umuyoboro wakozwe na Gregory XVI yahaye gushushanya umudari wa zahabu, kandi uzwiho Marinister Marinister yaguye mu Burayi bwose. Umuhanzi yahise asura Ubusuwisi, Ubuholandi, Ubwongereza, Porutugali na Espanye. Mu nzira imuhira, ubwato bwa aivazovsky bwafashe, yinjira mu muyaga, umuyaga uteye ubwoba. Mu gihe runaka, Marinist yari yarapfuye, ariko ku bw'amahirwe, yashoboye gutaha ari muzima kandi nta nkomyi.

Aivazovsky yagabanutseho ibihe byiza byo guhangana no kumenyerana nabantu benshi b'indashyikirwa muricyo gihe. Umuhanzi yari amenyereye cyane na Alexander fushkin, Glinka, Nikolai Raevysky, Kiprensky, BRyillov, Zhukovsky, ntabwo avuga ubucuti n'umuryango wUmuryango wa Imperial. Kandi nyamara tungana, ubutunzi, icyubahiro ntibyashutse umuhanzi. Nyamukuru mubuzima bwe byahoze ari umuryango, abantu basanzwe, akazi ukunda.

Rake kandi umenyekanishe, Ivazovsky yakoze byinshi kuri Feodosia Kavukire: yashinze ishuri ry'ubuhanzi n'ububiko bw'ingoro, yateye ubwoba mu mikino ngororamubiri. Mu mpera z'ubuzima, Ivan KanStantinovich yagumye akora kandi akora nk'ubuto bwe: Yasuye Loti hamwe n'umugore we, yafashije abantu benshi, afasha abantu, gutunganya abantu, kwizihiza ibikorwa bye by'ubuvumo no kwigisha.

Ubuzima Bwihariye

Ubuzima bwihariye bwumushinga ukomeye wuzuye hejuru no kugwa. Hariho urukundo ruturuka mu bihe byayo, abagore batatu. Urukundo rwa mbere rwa aivazovsky - umubyinnyi ukomoka muri Venise, ibyamamare ku isi Maria Taloni, yari afite imyaka 13. Umuhanzi mu rukundo yajyanye mu muse we muri Venise, ariko umubano wari mugufi: umubyinnyi yahisemo urukundo rw'umusore ballet.

Mu 1848, Ivan Kontantinonjich yashakanye n'urukundo rutagatifu muri Yulia Grevs, wahoze ari ubuvuzi bwa Nicholas I. Abasore bagiye muri Feodosia, aho bakinnye ubukwe buhira. Muri ubu bukwe, Aivazovsky yari afite abakobwa bane: Alexandre, Maria, Elena na Zhanna.

Ku ifoto, umuryango urasa neza, ariko idylli yari mugufi. Nyuma yo kuvuka kw'abakobwa b'uwo bashakanye bahindutse mu miterere, bimura indwara y'ingoro. Julia yashakaga gutura mu murwa mukuru, kuba kuri Balas, guha nimugoroba nimugoroba, kugira ngo abeho ubuzima bw'isi, kandi umutima w'umuhanzi wari uw'ibiderosiya n'abaturage basanzwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ubukwe bwarangiye no gutandukana, mugihe byabayeho cyane. Nubwo umuhanzi yashoboye gukomeza umubano n'abakobwa be n'imiryango yabo: Umugore w'ibirundo yashinze abakobwa kurwanya Data.

Urukundo rwa nyuma Umuhanzi yamaze guhura nubusaza: Mu 1881 yari afite imyaka 65, kandi uwatoranije afite imyaka 25 gusa. Anna Nikitichna Sarkizov yabaye uwo bashakanye aivazovsky mu 1882 kandi yari kumwe na we kugeza imperuka. Ubwiza bwe budapfa nuwo mwashakanye ku ishusho yumugore wumuhanzi.

Urupfu

Umuhanzi Mukuru wa Marinist wabaye icyamamare ku isi afite imyaka 20, yapfiriye mu rugo muri Feodosia afite imyaka 82, mu 1900. Kuri Eadel, ishusho itarangiye "guturika k'ubwato".

Amashusho meza

• "Icyambu cya Cyeli";
• "Ubwato bwo mu bwato";
• "Ijoro muri Venise";
• "Brig Mercure, yibasiwe n'amato abiri ya Turukiya";
• "Ijoro ry'ukwezi muri Crimée. Gurzuf ";
• "Ukwezi kuri CAPRI";
• "Ukwezi kuri Bosphorus";
• "Kugenda amazi";
• "Chesmen Kurwana";
• "Ukwezi"
• "Bosphorus mu ijoro ry'ukwezi";
• "A.S. Sushkin ku nkombe z'inyanja yirabura ";
• "Umukororombya";
• "Izuba rirashe mu cyambu";
• "Ubwato hagati y'umuyaga";
• "Akajagari. Ibyaremwe ku isi;
• "Tuza";
• "Ijoro rya Venetiyani";
• "Umwuzure ku isi".