Ubuzima
Mu 42, yabaye marshal muto wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti. Baron Peter wangel yavuze peter Tukhachevsky mu bihuru, avuga ko "yishakiye na Napoleon y'Uburusiya." Nyuma, Joseph Stalin yemeye na Wissel, ahamagara igitabo cyifuza cyane.
Indangamuntu ya Marshal Thukhachevsksks ikomeje kuba itavugwaho rumwe mu basirikare b'Abasoviyeti. Byongeye kandi, ikwirakwizwa ry'ibitekerezo ni ubugari cyane kuburyo kugenda gukandamirwa kandi bisubirwamo byitwa ubugari kandi bubahanga, mu gihe impaka zemeza muri ibyo bibazo byombi.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Inyenzi z'ejo hazaza wavutse mu itumba ryo mu 1893 mu ntara ya Smolensk, mu muryango wa nyirinzu AleksAndrovskoe. Data - Umuzungu wa Herediary Nikolai Tukhachevsky ni umuhungu w'ikinege abapfakazi ba mbere kandi ari mwiza. Umusore nyir'ubutaka yirengagije uburebure bw'urwikekwe kandi arongora ubwiza bw'abahinzi - Maur Milohova. Mu bashakanye, abana 9 baravuka, bane muri bo - abahungu. Mikhail yagaragaye icya gatatu. Yambere yize impamyabumenyi asoma iminsi.
Ku bijyanye n'inkomoko, ubwoko bw'Amateka y'Amateka ntacyo yazanye. Abakurambere bitwa Flemish kubara Indris, washyizeho intangiriro yumuryango wintara. Abandi bashakashatsi basubije ikibazo cyubwenegihugu bwa marshal, bwerekana imizi ya polish yumuryango. Impaka ya gatatu Mikhail Tukhachevsky ni Umuyahudi w'inkolo. Ibimenyetso bya documents ntabwo bifite verisiyo.
Umuyobozi w'ejo hazaza kuva mu bwana yerekanye impano nyinshi. Umuhungu yakuze ubuhanzi kandi umuziki, ahaza umukoro we kandi yiga gucuranga inanga. Ariko benshi muri bose, Mikhail yashakaga kujya ikirenge cya mubyara-rusange no kugabanuka kwamamara.
Muri Gymnasium Misha kugeza ku nzego ya kane yize nta muteze umwete - amanota yo hejuru yari "bane" mu gifaransa. Umuhungu yakongeraga amasomo afata "bobbies". Umuyobozi wa Gymnasium, uzi ku migambi mibisha umunyeshuri kuba mu gisirikare. Umuyobozi yasobanuye nabi ko hamwe n'umutungo nk'uwo mu ishuri rya gisirikare ntazatwara.
Penza gymnasium Mikhail Tukhachevsky yarangije hamwe nicyubahiro yinjiye mumurwa mukuru wa Cadet Corps. Kuba umunyeshuri mwiza, bidatinze bimukiye mu ishuri rya gisirikare rya Alexandre. Mu 1914, umusore yavuye ku nkike z'ikigo cy'uburezi, kuba mu ngendo y'abanyeshuri barangije neza. Biography wa Gisirikare Mikhail Tukhachevsksky yatangiye mu rugamba rwa semenov, aho yakoze Subsorecus mu ntangiriro y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose.
Umwuga wa Gisirikare
Mu ci ryo mu 1914, Mikhail Tukhachevsky yashyizeho umuyobozi muto. Muri uru rwego, igisirikare gikiri gito cyitabiriye intambara hamwe n'Abadage n'aborohaho ku burengerazuba. Umusore yerekanye icyifuzo cyo kuba mukuru kugeza ku myaka 30: Icyifuzo n'icyifuzo cyo kwimuka byihuse ku kazi. Mu gihe cy'amezi atandatu, Michael yahawe igihembo inshuro eshanu.
Mu gihe cy'itumba cyo mu 1915, Mikhail Tukhachevsky yakoraga hagati mu mujyi wa Lombrie wa Lombrie. Mwijoro, ingabo z'Abadage zasenyaga Isosiyete, Tukhachevsky yarokotse igitangaza afata.
Nyuma yo kugerageza kugerageza guhunga imbohe yatwarwaga mu nkambi ya ingolstadt, aho bahunze. Hano Mikhail yahuye na Perezida w'Ubufaransa by Ubufaransa na Charlay de Galer. Guhunga kwa gatanu muri Nzeri 1917 byagenze neza. Mu Kwakira, uwatorotse yasubiye mu gihugu cye. Mikhail Tukhachevsky yiyandikishije mu rugo rwa segonovsky, ashinzwe itegeko rya Roth.
Impinduramatwara
Mu ngabo zitukura, Mikhail Tukhachevsky yinjiye umukorerabushake. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1918 yahawe inshingano zo gukora mu ishami rya gisirikare ryagenze muri ikirusiya. Nyuma yo kwinjira mu nzego z'Abakomunisiti, Tukhachevsky yashinzwe kurengerwa umurwa mukuru, ashyiraho komiseri wa gisirikare.
Umwaka utaha, komisseri y'abaturage b'ingabo za 5 yashinzwe Narc Artsky. Mikhail Tukhachevsky yerekeje ku mbaraga za Alexander Kolchak muri Siberiya, maze ingabo zitsinda mu majyepfo y'Uburusiya, aho yakomeje gukurikirana abazungu. Igihe cy'itumba cyo mu 1920, Mikhail Tukhachevsky yimukiye i Kuban. Denikinians yateye imbere y'umwanzi, Denikinani yabuze igihombo, yasunitswe ku nyanja yirabura.
Mu ntambara ya nyuma y'intambara y'abenegihugu, Tukhachevsky yerekejwe n'ingabo za 7 kandi muri Werurwe 1921 yahagaritse imyigaragambyo i KronsAdt. Umusirikare uhamye yoherejwe gusunika impengamiro y'abahinzi ba Tambov, muri Mikhail Tukhachevsky yahanganye, ku nshuro ya mbere, ashyira mu bikorwa imyuka yo kwishyiriraho umwanzi. Abagenzi bagaragaje ubugome bw'umusirikare ufite, watanze amabwiriza yo kurasa kwabagajegajega nta rubanza.
Igikorwa cya Bolsheviks mu gihe cy'intambara yo muri Povieti yananiwe: Choke yateye, imaze kurwanya imbaraga. Ubwa mbere, ubutwari bwumuyobozi wimyaka 27 yazanye intsinzi, ariko nyuma yo kuzamurwa mu ntera, Mikhail Tukhachevsky yabyimbuye imbaraga. Munsi wa Warsaw, ingabo ze zaguye muri Yuzef Pilsdsky. Gutsindwa mu bikorwa Tukhachevsky yibukwa mu 1937.
Mu ntambara yo muri Povieti-Politiki, Posoft Stalin yagize uruhare. Nyuma yo gutsindwa, Stalin na Tukhachevsky bashinjaga gutsindwa. Kuba umuyobozi w'ishyaka mu 1929, Stalin ntiyibagiwe nabi Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Amaze kumurwanya, ateganya urugomo. Ariko mu ntangiriro ya za 1930, Joseph Vissariovich yari atarashyigikiye abo twifatanyaga.
Mikhail Tukhachevsky yanditse ibitabo icumi icumi ku nyigisho y'intambara. Mu 1931, "Umutuku Bonaparte" yashinze uruhare runini mu kuvugurura no kongera gutekereza ku ngabo, ariko ibitekerezo bya Mikhail Nikolayevich ntabwo byashyigikiye Stalin. Intangiriro ya Mikhail Tukhachevsksks mu micungire ya Arillerie yemewe ntabwo yamenyekanye: uburyo bunini bwakoreshejwe kumutwe udashaka. Nkurugero ni urutoki rwa Star-jet.
Mu 1935, Mikhail Tukhachevsks yabaye Marshal wa SSSR, ariko ibicu bibyimba ku mutwe. Imbaraga za Stalin zashimangiwe, ubuyobozi bwe muri WCP (B) ntibyari bigihanganye. Ukuboza 1934, nyuma y'ubwicanyi i Leningrad, Sergei Kirov yatangiraga gutera ubwoba. Mu ntangiriro ya 1936 TUKHACHEVSKSky, hamwe n'intumwa z'Abasoviyeti, yasuye London, mu gihe cyo gushyingura Umwami George V.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Gukunda umuziki Mikhail Tukhachevsky yatwaye ubuzima bwe bwose. Kuva mu 1925, yari inshuti na Dmitry Shostakovich. Uwahimbye yasuye marshal. Hagati ya 1930, ubwo abanenga muri Soviet baguye kuri Opera Shostakovich "Umukecuru Macbeth Mtsensky County", Ttsensky yishyizemo intara ", Ttsensky yishyizemo intara", Ttsensky yinzentaro. Ku munsi bwite, Marshal ntabwo yatsinze intsinzi idatsinzwe kuruta kurugamba. Abagore basebye umugabo mwiza wa Leta, bafite imbaraga zituzuye kandi zigaragara.
Umugore wa mbere wa Mikhail Tukhachevsky yabaye umukobwa wa gari ya moshi ya penzaniev. Bahuye numupira muri siporo. Urukundo rwacitse rwanyuze mu kizamini cyigihe: ejo hazaza "Marshal itukura" yarangije imira yintambara ya Cadet, yatsinze intambara ya mbere yisi yose, yahinduye intambara y'abenegihugu. I Prenz, aho Masha yari amutegereje, Mikhail Tukhachevsky yahageze n'umuyobozi w'ingabo. Kimwe na Data, Mikhail yashakanye n'umukobwa nta nkomoko nziza.
Umugore yajyanye n'umuhanda wumugabo we, ashyigikira Mikayeli mu bihe bigoye kandi akomeza kubabara. Ikosa rye ryashyigikiraga bene wabo mumyaka yashonje. Masha, azi ko umugore wumuyobozi wigisirikare mukuru atatinyuka guhagarara, yirukanye ibicuruzwa byabo kuri Penza.
Igihe Neffvenings zivugwa ku "myitwarire idakwiye" z'umugore wa Tukhachevsky ibyutse, muri Mikhail NikoLavich yasabye Mariya ubutane. Umugore yiyahuye. Umupfakazi w'imyaka 27 wo gushyingura uwo bashakanye ntabwo yaje, akomeza gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n'umushimusi.
Umuyobozi wa kabiri w'umuntu wahuye mu 1920, mu kugwa. Nyuma yo kunanirwa kw'ikigo cy'Abasolitiki-Igipolonye, Tukhachevsky yari ikeneye inkunga. Yabyakiriye mu mwishyi w'imari, mu nzu ye hafi ya Smolensky yungutse. Isura yimyaka 16 (Lidiya) yari akomokamo. Mu itumba ryo mu 1921, Mikhail Tukhachevsky yahaye umukobwa n'umutima. Nyirarume Lester yashimangiye ko urubyiruko rwaba ruba mu itorero. Komanda utukura yarabyemeye, kandi ubukwe bwibanga bwabaye.
Kwinjira mu itorero, abashyingiranywe babonye ibimenyetso - isanduku hamwe n'umugabo wapfuye. Umwaka umwe, uwo bashakanye atwite yatangaje ko yasubiye kuri bene wabo. Lika yamenye ibyerekeye nyirabuja, Tatiana Chernoluskaya. Mikhail ntiyifuzaga gutandukana n'umugore we, ariko umugore ntiyababariye guhemukira. Nyuma gato yo gutandukana, yashakanye. Umukobwa wavutse arina yapfuye azize diphtheria akiri muto.
Hamwe n'umugore wa gatatu, Marshal yateraniye i Smolensk. Krasavitsa Yozhnik Nina Grinevich yaje kuba umugore wize. Umukobwa wa Svetlana yavukiye mu bashakanye. Ariko ubuzima bwumuryango bwa Tukhachev ntabwo bwari: Marshal yabonye igitabo cya mugenzi we - Julia Kuzmin. Umukobwa udasanzwe witwa Svetlana.
Ifatwa n'imanza z'inshinjabyaha
Umwanya wo guhohoterwa ufite umwanzi muremure Tukhachevsky Stalin yategereje 1937. Marshal yakuwe mu mwanya w'ingabo z'ubwunganizi maze yimurirwa ku mwanya w'umuyobozi w'intago ya gisirikare ya Volga. I Kuibeyshev, aho Mikhail Tukhachevsky yimutse hamwe n'umuryango we, yari ateganijwe gushakishwa, gufata no gushinja umugambi wo kurwanya igihugu.
Muri Gicurasi 1937, Tukhachevsky yashyikirijwe umurwa mukuru. Nkvd, Nkvd, wayoboye Nikolai Ezshov, yageze ku rwego rwo kumenya ko yamenyekanye ko ari umutako cy'Ubudage kandi mu bumwe na Bukharin yateguye gahunda yo gufata ingufu mu gufata imbaraga. Nyuma, abanyabwenge ba NKVD Alexander Orlov yerekanye ko Marshal yari afite ibyangombwa byumutekano mugihe cyo gushakisha, Stalin, mubufatanye na we. Orlov yavuze ko Tukhachevsky yasabye agahinda, ariko Abaminisite bari imbere ye bararimbuka.
Dukurikije iyindi verisiyo, umuhanga mu by'amateka w'Ubwongereza yashyize imbere Robert atsinda, abatware b'imirimo idasanzwe ya Nazi na Heydrich bakoze inyandiko z'impimbano ku nkombe za Tukhachevsky ya Stalin. Ihuma yaguye mu maboko ya Stalin maze abona intambwe. Nyuma yo gusenyuka k'ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti, byagaragaje ko impapuro kuri "Ubuhembe" mukhal Mikhal Mikhal Mikhal Mikhal Mikhal muri Stalin, bategura imigebwe ya mpimbano kuri heydrich.
Urupfu
Muri Kamena 1937, urubanza ruremezo rwa Marshal w'inzego z'Abasoviyeti Tukhachevsky n'abayobozi b'ingabo umunani basuzumwe mu nama yafunzwe y'urukiko rwa Gisirikare. Ushinjwa ntabwo yahaye abanyamategeko kandi ntiyemerera kujuririra igihano. Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 11 kugeza ku ya 12 kugeza 12, abaregwa bamenyekanye ko ari abanyabyaha bararashwe. Yashyinguwe mu mva rusange ku irimbi ryibanze ry'umurwa mukuru.
Mu gukandamiza urusyo rwabonye umuryango wose wa Marshal. Umugore n'abavandimwe Mikhail Tukhachevsky barasa. Umukobwa na bashiki bacu batatu boherejwe muri Gulag. Mama Maurus Petrovna yapfiriye kumurongo.
Gusana Marshal Tukhachevsky nyuma yo guhura kwa Khrushchev nyuma ya STLIINISM. Umuroma Kubijyanye na perezida wa Koriris Sokolov. Mu gitabo "Mikhail Tukhachevsky: Ubuzima n'urupfu bya" Marshal itukura ", umwanditsi washoboye kunyerera mu ishusho y'intwari - mu birori bikomeye kandi bikomeye, byabayeho mu gihe kitoroshye .
Ibintu bishimishije
- Mu rubyiruko, Mikhail Tukhachevsky yashyizeho gahunda ye mu gihe cy'abasore n'ishuri rya Flildfelm. Komanda yari umugome. Abanyeshuri batatu bigana kubera umusirikare wa Fldofebel TUKHACHEVSKSky yazanye amanota ubuzima - barasa.
- Mu 1915, Tukhachevsky yarafashwe. Nk'uko amategeko atuzuye, niba umusirikare mu bunyage yahaye ijambo ry'umwami kudashaka amahirwe yo guhunga, yakiriye uburenganzira bwinshi kandi ashobora kujya gutembera. Tukhachevsky yatanze ijambo, ariko mugihe cyo kugenda. Igikorwa cye cyateje umujinya no mu Badage, no mu basirikare b'Abarusiya. Batanze icyifuzo rusange ku itegeko ry'Ubudage ko badafite icyubahiro cyo kubaha umugabo wa Tukhachevsky.
- Muri Werurwe 1918, akimara kwinjira mu ishyaka, Tukhachevsky yatanze umushinga we wo kubuza ubukristo no kubyuka ubupagani.
- Abalewi Trotsky bita Tukhachevsky "Impinduramatwara y'abadayimoni" ". Tukhachevsky ntabwo yamenye abayobozi. Yatandukanijwe n'ubugome buhebuje mu mategeko ye ku basivili, yateje ibigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa, binyuranyije na gaze hamwe na gaze.
- Stalin yitwa Tukhachevsky "Grediard Red Red". Mikhail Nikolayevich's Global Nikolayevich mu 1927 hasohotse ibihumbi 50-100 ku mwaka ntabwo byari ibintu bidashoboka gusa, ahubwo byanabishoboye. Tukhachevsky yatanze kimwe cya kabiri cyo kwishyura kuri tank. Nanone, "imigiri itukura" yemeye kubyara indege 40.000 ku mwaka.