Amateka y'inyuguti
Moydodyr numugani wumugani wumwanditsi uzwi ko Kornea Ivanovich Chukovsky. Abana b'Abasoviyeti bari mu bihe by'Abasoviyeti, bari bazi ko mu murongo, imico nyamukuru yacyo yari umwana muto hamwe na washbasin. Inkuru isekeje, intego yacyo yari iyo kwigisha abana isuku yumuntu no kugaragara, mugihe ntarengwa ntabwo ibura akamaro. Muri yo, nko mumigani iyo ari yo yose, opposition nziza n'ibibi byasobanuwe. Kuruhande rwicyohori hari moydodyr hamwe namasezerano yo kwezwa, no mwijima - ahahanamye.
Umugani wanditse mu 1922 wakingiwe inshuro nyinshi na animasiyo. Akurura ibitekerezo byabarebera bito muri iki gihe.
Amateka yo Kurema
Iyi nkuru yasohowe bwa mbere mu 1923 no gusohora Inzu "Rapuga". Ibishushanyo kumigani yaremye Yuri annenkov. Amateka yumuhungu yari umwanda yahumetswe nabamurwa muri soviet, kandi umugambi wimyitwarire wafashwe mumagare magufi. Mu 1927, umushinga wa Maria Bender yerekanwe kuri tereviziyo, kandi mu 1939 na 1954, ibisobanuro bibiri byerekana umuyobozi Ivanov-Vano. Ikarito yanyuma akenshi itangaza kumiyoboro igezweho.
Dukurikije verisiyo y'akazi, byanditswe mu kiganiro n'umukobwa muto. Igihe kimwe, gukora mu biro, imizi ya Chukovsky yumvise ko umukobwa arira cyane, yihutira gutabara. Masha muto ntiyashakaga gukaraba. Data, wari ufite ibitekerezo bidasanzwe, ahungabana umwana wanze umwana. Imirongo izwi rero yagaragaye kumucyo:
"Birakenewe gukarabaMu gitondo n'umugoroba,
N'abasomyi b'abasomyi banduye
Isoni n'umugozi, isoni na kashe.
Gukomeza umugani wabonye ku mpapuro hanyuma uhinduka agakiza kubabyeyi b'icyo gihe. Impeti y'abana ntiyerekeje nyuma yinkuru zerekeye Moydodyra. Ubusobanuro bwimigani ni uguhiza: Ugomba gukaraba buri munsi, kugirango udashimishwa umwanda, nkumuhungu ukomoka mubitangaza. Kimwe ninkuru ziteye ubwoba zabana, inkuru yashimishijwe nabana kandi ihatirwa gukaraba no koza amenyo. Imyumvire y'abana, ibikorwa byose bikenewe byemezwa, byakiriye ingwate y'umwanditsi.
Umugambi
Inkuru yasobanuwe muri Moydodyra, kubera ko ubwana bumenyereye benshi kandi isezererwa kuri cote. Inkuru ikorwa mu izina ryumuhungu muto ujugunye byose. Igitambaro, umusego ndetse no muri kettle byatangiye kwiruka kubera gusinzira no kwirengagiza gushidikanya. Kugaragara mu cyumba cyo kuraramo bwa nyina, ibiganiro byo kuvuga kwa Kayingbin bise Moydodyr bibwira umwana: icyateye guhunga ibintu ni uko yari umwanda. Imiterere ikurikirana amategeko yisuku kandi ikatuka umwana muguhemukira ipantaro yizerwa.
Mojdodyr yahisemo gusukura no guhamagara igikoma, gukaraba n'isabune kugirango bafashe. Umwana arasetsa umuforomo. Kugira ngo afeze ingona, aramwihuta, ariko inyamaswa irakagirira ubwoba kurya umuhungu, niba ari ko umuhungu yihutira gusubira i Moidodyru. Nyuma yuburyo bwo kwiyuhagira, ibintu bisubizwa nyirubwite. Imirimo yanyuma yimirimo iba isuku.
Umugani ushakisha amabagi, wubatswe ukurikije ibipimo gakondo byikinamico kandi bifite uburyohe, indunduro. Peripetia akora gukurikirana umuhungu yo gukaraba, kandi umunsi mukuru wo kwera guhinduka ubwoko bwa epiral, aho imyitwarire yimirimo isezeranijwe.
Ibiranga abakinnyi nyamukuru bituma umwana yimenyekanisha afite imico nyamukuru yumugani, nababyeyi bafite moidodeyr. Ifite ingaruka nziza kumyumvire yinkuru numwana. Chukovsky ntabwo yari umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze y'abana, ariko Moidoodyr, kimwe n'indi migani rw'umusizi, yubatswe ku miyoboro myinshi igaragara ku byiciro by'abana no kwemerera vuba ku buryo bwo kurera.
Imizi ya Chukovsky yakoresheje inkuru zoroshye zirimo abana mumikino no gukora akazi ka fantasy. Yohereje ibintu ku mbyino mu nzu, yayoboye ibintu byose umwana azengurutse, ubumenyi bw'imizigo ari buto.
Igishushanyo kitazwi cya Mojdodar, kivuka mumigani, ni abana batangaje, nkugukurikirana inyuma yumuhungu. Ndetse bimaze kumenyera abana ingona yanze kuvugana na spani. Abana baragaragara: inzira yonyine yo kuva mubihe atesha umutwe ni ukubahiriza gahunda yafashwe mubibazo bikuze nibintu byose hirya no hino. Ikiruhuko cyurukundo umusizi avuga cyane ni igihembo cyicyemezo gikwiye.
Mu magambo, Chukovsky yavuze ko adakurikirana intego iyo ari yo yose ku isi yose mu mirimo ye, usibye kudahitamo abana b'imyitwarire y'ibisare. "Mojdodyr" yabaye umuhamagaro wo kugira isuku n'isuku ku giti cye. Mu gihugu, gutangaza amahame yihariye yubuzima bwumuntu wumusovu, amahame yo kugaragara yagize uruhare runini. Kubwibyo, umusanzu wa Chukovsky kugeza ku burere bwibisekuru byinshi biragoye gukabya.
Ibintu bishimishije
Umwanditsi wa Chukovsky yari akunzwe cyane ndashimira cyane ibitekerezo hamwe nudusimba twatsinze, rwuzuye mubikorwa. Chukovsky yari umuhangashoboye ashoboye gukoresha tekinike zitandukanye, kandi yerekanaga ubukire bwururimi rwikirusiya. Urutonde rwimirimo rwayo, usibye imigani yumubiri, harimo "Bibiliya kubana".
Mugihe cya "Thaw", umushinga washinzwe, kwishora mubikorwa nkibi byari bibi kubihangana nubuzima. Chukovsky yahatiwe guhindura inshuro nyinshi igitabo asimbuza "Imana" kuri "Wizard Yahwe" kandi iriyemo ijambo "Abayahudi". Bibiliya y'abana yatangajwe ku izina "umunara wa Babiloni n'indi migani ya kera", ariko kuzenguruka ntibyemewe kurwara ibitabo. Abayobozi babonaga ko imyumvire y'abana ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti idashobora kumvikana n'imigani y'amadini.
Kumenyera Chukovsky birakomeye. Kugeza uyu munsi, umwanditsi akomeza kuba umwanditsi watangajwe cyane ku bana. Nk'uko imibare, muri 2016, uruziga rukwirakwira mu bitabo hamwe n'imigani ye ya Fari yarimo kopi zirenga miliyoni 2.
Intwari z'imivugo yumuzi wa Ivanovich kuva kera ziba ikirango. Muri Parike ya Mokow Sokolniki yashyizeho urwibutso kuri Moydodyru. Ishusho yacyo akenshi ikoreshwa mubukangurambaga bwo kwamamaza kugirango ibicuruzwa byoroshye kandi bisukure.