Ubuzima
Bavandimwe Lumiere - Umugani "ba se" w'inganda za firime z'Abafaransa, wafunguye umuhanda ugana ku isi ya Sinema. Bakuyeho ibyegeranyo bya mbere bya firime barabakwirakwiza kuri ecran. Ububiko bwa Sinemtec cy'Abafaransa bagera kuri 1800 bafatanije n'abavandimwe bazwi.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Louis Jean na Auguste Louis Marie Nicolas yavukiye muri Besanane (Ubufaransa). Padiri Charles-Antoine Lumiere yari umuhanzi wabigize umwuga, kandi ashishikajwe no gufotora. Mu 1870, umuryango wimukiye i Lyon, aho ishuri na Louis barangije amashuri ya tekinike ya La Mortiniere. Nyuma yo kuva i Besani, Jeanne Josefina Kostil Lumiere yibarutse undi muhungu Edward n'abakobwa batatu.
Charles-antoine yafunguye igihingwa gito cyo gukora ibikoresho byamafoto. Nubwo Louis ari umwe muri bashiki bacu bakoraga mu ruganda kuva mu gitondo cya kare kugeza nimugoroba, se w'umuryango Lumiere akangisha guhomba. Abifashijwemo na Auguste, bagarutse bava mu gisirikare, bashoboye gushinga umusaruro no mu 1884 kugira ngo bakoreshe abakozi icumi. Mu 1892, se yagiye mu buruhukiro bukwiriye, kandi igihingwa cyose cyari kujugunya abavandimwe.
Cinema
Mu 1892, Louis na Augugere lumira bafashe iterambere ry'ibikoresho, bishobora kwidagadura. Abo patented gahunda nyinshi z'ingenzi, harimo film perforation gukoreshwa gutwara no kubungabunga film, nubwo ikubitiro iyi gahunda yari mu bikorwa na French Umu Vumbuzi Emil Reino. Muri uwo mwaka, igikoresho cyagaragaye, peteroli yitwa "Cinématografip éon bouly". Igitekerezo cyo gukora "cinema" ni icyuma cya Leon.
Kunoza ibikoresho bya Buli byabujije kubura amafaranga, bityo uburenganzira bwo kubika ibikoresho yagurishijwe lumiere. Bakubise verisiyo yabo mu 1895. Filime ya mbere yakuweho kandi yerekanwe muri uwo mwaka.
IKIBAZO BIDASANZWE BIDASANZWE MU 1895, 22 Werurwe. Muri "Sosiyete igamije iterambere ry'inganda z'igihugu" mu mujyi wa Paris, abantu 200 bateraniye muri ibyo birori. Ingingo nyamukuru yinama nini yari ifoto yibara, ariko ibitekerezo byababona byagaragaye kubishusho byirabura nicyatsi.
Inyandiko izwi cyane ya firime yo guceceka "Abakozi basohoka mu ruganda" binjiye mu nkuru nka firime yambere yerekanwe nababumva kuri ecran nini. Imyenda yabaye ku ya 22 Werurwe 1895 mu nama mu rwego rwo guharanira iterambere ry'inganda z'ifoto mu Bufaransa.
By the way, ni "basohotse mu bakozi bo mu ruganda" byari icyubahiro cyo gufungura ikipe ya mbere ya filime, yabereye i Paris 1895 kuri Kapuchin izwi cyane mu nzu yo munsi ". Umugozi muto ntabwo ufite umugambi ufatika: kumigozi, abakozi bava mu nyubako bagereranywa. Ibikorwa byakurikiyeho bya barumuna ba Lumière byari amashusho mato kuva mubuzima busanzwe.
Filime "vottzihing" ivuga isomo ryo kugendera ku mafarasi akiri muto ugerageza kuzamuka ku ifarashi.
Ishusho izwi cyane ya Louis na Auguste Lumes ifatwa nk "ukuza kwa gari ya moshi kuri La cute Sitasiyo." Nubwo umugambi woroshye, film irakunzwe cyane. Ibi biterwa n'amateka yabateze amatwi mugihe cyamasomo. Muri videwo imwe ku nshuro ya mbere, ibisanzwe, imigambi mibi kandi byinshi hamwe n'Umwami uhamye byagaragaye.
Ingano ya ecran ya ecran no kugenda "muri salle" gari ya moshi ubwoba bwabashyitsi. Gushushanya "Kuza kwa gari ya moshi kugera kuri la cute Sitasiyo" nimwe mubikorwa byambere. Abavandimwe kavukire kandi bamenyerewe bamenyereye bagize uruhare mu gufata amashusho. Filime yerekanwe mu 1896.
Umusaruro wakoreshejwe mu 1895 ku ifoto icecekeye "Puffvaler Polyvaler". Dukurikije igitekerezo cyo kuvomera ibihingwa, umurimyi ntabwo abona umuhungu-Hooligan, yakandagiye kuri hose. Amazi yaretse gukora, kandi umurimyi areba hanze. Umuhungu yamuremye hejuru ye, kandi amazi afite igitutu akubita umurimyi mumaso. Arakaye, yihutira kwiruka Hooligan.
Uruhare muri firime rwahisemo umurimyi Francois Claire, wakoraga mu isambi ya Lumen, n'umwana w'umwe mu bagaragu. Umuhungu yitwaga Benoa Duval. Umugambi wa firime wari ishingiro ryibindi bikorwa byinshi. Kurugero, nyuma ya byinshi, gahunda yo kuhira "yasizwe" yakoreshejwe mu gice cy '"umuntu ukomoka kuri kapuchin boulevard".
Filime ya karindwi kuri firime yishyuwe muri Grand Café yabaye ikiragi "ifunguro rya mu gitondo rikirito" hamwe na Augustea, uwo bashakanye n'abakobwa. Mu kanjiriro y'abashakanye bigaburira umwana mu kiyiko. Iyi firime yagaragaye mu 1895. Umukobwa wa Lumiera yagaragaye ku ishusho "fave ifi itukura".
Uburebure bwa Filime ya buri firime ngufi yari ifite metero 17, kandi igihe cyo kwerekana cyari gigarukira kumasegonda 50: ni byinshi kuri firime za mbere zikomeje.
Ivumburwa ry'intangarugero, abavandimwe ba Lumiere mu 1896 ryerekanye i Londres, muri New York, Bombay. Mu 1898, Louis Lumiere yakomeje kwishora mu kuzamura no kwiga ibikoresho bya firime. Komeza uburambe mu murima w'amafoto na sinema mu ibara.
Mu 1903, Louis Liomiem yapanze na Autrom - inzira yerekana ibara ryakira. Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza Louis Lyimira mu 1914, asteroid yitiriwe izina. Mu rwego rwo kubahira, hari premium ya documentaire nziza.
Usibye guhangayakira "cinema" ubwayo, bizera ko abavandimwe batunze igitekerezo cya firime zisanzwe. Amashusho ya firime ya cinema arimo kumwanya wa mirongo itanu mugufi yingingo zitandukanye. Muburyo bwo gufata amashusho, tekinike nshya nuburyo bwagaragaye. Mugihe cyamasomo, umuziki (saxophone cyangwa piyano) yamye yumvikanye muri salle.
Birazwi ko Louis na Auguste lumiera kandi ntibashobora gutekereza kubyo umunzani wajyana "cinema". Bizeraga ko byari byiza gukurura inyungu ushobora kubona inyungu.
Mu 1919, Louis Lyumiere yabaye umunyamuryango w'ishuri ry'ubumenyi bw'Ubufaransa. Igihe cyose cyo gukorana na benewa cinema basize imirimo igera kuri 1800.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Izina ry'umugore wa Auguste Lyumbe - Margaret Wincler. Gushyingirwa ku mugaragaro byanditswe mu 1893. Abana babiri bavukiye kurongora: Umukobwa na mwene Herri.
Umukobwa yagiye mumateka ubuziraherezo, nkuko bigaragara mumakadiri ya firime yambere. Mu 1914, yapfuye azize ibicurane. Henry mbere yuko Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yatangira ikomeza uru rubanza rwa barumuna. Louis yashakanye na mushiki w'umugore wa Auguste, arahaguruka.
Urupfu rwabavandimwe ba Lumiere
Mu 1948, ku ya 6 Kamena, Louis Lumiere yarapfuye, ku ya 10 Mata 1954 - Auguste. Lyon ni umuryango wo gushyingura umuryango mushya wa Guillaty.
Urupfu rw'abamuhimbanyi b'Abafaransa akenshi ntirwanditswe ku buryo burambuye mu masoko. Nyuma y'urupfu, abavandimwe ba Lumiere basize umurage munini.
Mu 1960, inyenyeri i "Alley y'icyubahiro" Hollywood yagaragaye mu cyubahiro cy'abahimbyi. Byongeye kandi, inzibutso zashinzwe muri Lyon na La Sichote, ndetse no muri Yekaterinburg.
Mu gihe kirekire, "Banki y'Ubufaransa" yabyaye inoti mu ishusho y'abavandimwe ba Lumiere, ariko, mu 1995, kubera amabara menshi y'amateka, kubera amateka y'ijwi rirenga, maze umusaruro wa Millionth washenywe, kandi umusaruro wahagaritswe. Ibi biterwa no gutunguranye ku bufatanye bwa "ba se" ya sinema hamwe n'ubutegetsi bwubufatanye bwa Vichy mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose.
Filmography
- 1895 - "Puffer Puffer"
- 1895 - "Amahugurwa muri La cute"
- 1895 - "Abakozi basohoka mu ruganda"
- 1895 - "Ifunguro rya mu gitondo"
- 1895 - "Gufata ifi ya zahabu"
- 1895 - "Abirabura"
- 1895 - "Kwiyuhagira mu nyanja"
- 1895 - "Gariyamoshi Igera kuri La Chete Sitasiyo"
- 1896 - "Umukino wa Snowball"