Ubuzima
Igor Kurchatov ni Umuhanga Ukomeye w'Abasoviyete n'abahimbyi bakomeye, izina ryayo rifite imyaka 40 na 50 mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri, kibangamira impande zombi z'inyanja, kandi ibyagezweho byagezweho ku mpande z'umuntu. Ati: "Nta bushake kandi biracogora, yaravuze ati:"Kora mu kazi, mubuzima ikintu cyingenzi. Bitabaye ibyo, igice cya kabiri, nubwo kidakenewe, cyuzuza ubuzima bwawe, kizakuraho imbaraga zose, kandi ntuzagera ku kintu cy'ingenzi ... shakisha icyakuganisha ku ntego. "Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Umuremyi w'ejo hazaza mu gisasu cya mbere cya Soviet cyavukiye mu gihingwa cya Simsky mu 1903. Nyuma ya 1928, gutura byahinduwe SIM. Uyu munsi ni umujyi uri mu karere ka Ashinsky wo mu karere ka Chelyabinsk, aho abantu bagera ku bihumbi 13 baba. Se yari umuturage w'icyubahiro wo mu mujyi, umushakashatsi w'ubutaka Amermer, na nyina yigishije ishyingiranwa ryishuri mu mujyi wa Zlatous. Abahungu babiri bavukiye mu bashakanye: Igor na Boris, na bo babaye umuhanga.
Ubuzima bwumwaka wambere bwubuzima hamwe nabangavu ni urukurikirane rwibigo byuburezi basimburana. Ubwa mbere, inshuro eshatu Intwari yumurimo wasosiyalisiti yagaragaye cyane mubumenyi bwikiremwamuntu, ariko nyuma yo kumenyana nigitabo "Intsinzi yikoranabuhanga rigezweho" yanyuze mubundi buryo.
Igor yarangije amasomo 8 mu mukino w'ikigega cy'imikino ngororamubiri ya Simferopol, aho umuryango wimutse mu 1912. Mu gihe ugereranije, nize gufunga mu bukorikori bw'ishuri, byakoraga mu ruganda. Mu mahugurwa, umusore yari afite ubwoba, afite ubwenge kandi arabishoboye.
Amashuri Makuru yatangiye kwakira mu 1920 muri kaminuza ya Taurude (ubu ubu kaminuza y'igihugu ya Tauric yitiriwe V. I. Vanadsky), yafunguye imyaka 2 mbere. Yakomeje muri Petrograpp Polytech (ubu ni St. Pelytechirg wa kaminuza ya Petertechnic wa Peter Mareat).
Igihe gito cyakoreshejwe mu rwego rw'umufasha ishami rya fiziki ishami ry'ikigo cya Azaribayijan Polytechnic Polytechnic Polytechnic Institute i Baku (ubu ubu muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Azaribayijan). Mu 1925, umuhanga mukindi yagarutse i Leningrad, aba umuyobozi wa siyansi yikigo cya tekiniki-tekiniki (ubu ikigo cya tekiniki-tekiniki-tekiniki-tekiniki yitiriwe a. F. Ioffe Ras).
Siyanse
Mu busitani bwa Papa IoFiffe "(bityo abo gihe bita bahiriwe LFTI) ubwisanzure bw'abakozi ntabwo bwari bugarukira. Aburamu IoFiffe yakiriye ishyaka n'ubuzima bwo kubaza mu bashakashatsi bato. Ejo hazaza ha se wa "Tsar-bombe" nyuma yimyaka 5 nyuma yikigo cyakiriye umwanya wa Zavedadel. Mu mizo ya mbere, yize furlecttics, Ferroelectric, na 1932 yabaye umupayiniya mu bahanga muganga bashishikajwe n'ibibazo bya kirimbuzi bya kirimbuzi.
Kugeza mu ntangiriro y'intambara, isomo ryateje imbere iki cyerekezo, kwagura ubumenyi mu gihe kitazwi.
Mu myaka y'intambara, yagize uruhare mu gushyiraho tekinike yo kumena kwambuka amato kugirango arinde amato yo mu gisasu cya magneti yo mu Budage. Tekinike yahawe amato 100% umutekano, kandi urengera rw'uwabaye nyuma y'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose yashyizwe mu gihembo cya Leta. Kuva mu 1942, umuhanga yayoboye umushinga wa Atomic wa Atomic wa Atomic.
Nyuma yo kurangiza ikibazo cya kabiri cyisi kijyanye n'ubushobozi bwa kirimbuzi na monopole bo muri Amerika ku ntwaro za atome, bariga cyane. Ku ya 29 Kanama 1949, ikizamini cy'ibisamba bya mbere bya Sovitic cyabereye muri Polygon mu karere ka Semipalatinsk. Dukurikije kwibuka kubyiboneye, byari bihari mugihe habaye Eliyalrere Beriya yasomye ubwenge bwa Beadese.
Umushakashatsi ashyigikiye uruhare rw'uruhare rw'ubumenyi bwa GASSR, yatanze igihembo, igikombe cy'icyubahiro, imodoka n'amafaranga. Mu 1953, ku buyobozi bwe, ibisasu bya mbere hydrogène byatangijwe. Itsinda ry'abashakashatsi kandi ryashyizeho "tsar-bombe" izwi. "
Intambara zo gutontoma kandi eke byamuherekeje mubuzima bwe bwose. Ahari rero, umurwanyi utagira ubushake wavuze inshuro nyinshi ko atome ashobora kandi agomba gukorera abantu mubikorwa byamahoro. Mu 1958, yagize ijambo mu nama y'izuba rya USSR:
Ati: "Abahanga mu bya siyansi bashimishijwe cyane n'uko nta masezerano mpuzamahanga ahari harakazana amasezerano atagabanijwe abuza intwaro za atomic na hydrogen. Turasaba abahanga b'isi yose hamwe n'umuhamagaro wo guhindura imbaraga za hydrogen Nuclei w'intwaro yo kurimbuka ku bugizi bwa nabi, ingufu nziza z'imbaraga n'ibyishimo by'abantu bose ku isi. "Igihe kurchatov yagabana igihingwa cya mbere cya kirimbuzi cyisi - Obninskaya.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Umunyeshuri wigishaga yari umuntu ufite inshingano, w'inyangamugayo kandi mwiza ufite imico myiza. Yishora mu rukundo, yubatse ifitanye ubucuti, yafashije bagenzi be, akenshi akoresha ubutware n'ingaruka ze.Mu mafoto yose, yafashwe n'unwa w'ijisho, amaherezo wabaye ikintu cy '"indangamuntu". Ku bwe, Comrades yashoboraga gukeka uko umuhanga atekereza. Niba ubwanwa bwinkongo - ibintu byose biri murutonde, kandi niba ari ikimenyetso, hariho ubwoko bumwe.
Mu rubyiruko, nyuma yimyaka 2 nyuma yo gusubira i Leningrad, Kurchatov yakinnye ubukwe. Umugore wa Marina Sinelnikova yabagize uruhare muri mugenzi we kandi atera Kirill. Abashakanye babanaga imyaka 33 kugeza igihe uwahimbye mu 1960. Ntibari bafite abana.
Urupfu
Mubuzima bwose, umuhanga yavumbuwe cyane, yashyize ubushakashatsi bugoye, akazi kaherekejwe nimitwaro nini. Mu 1956 yarokotse ubwonko. Ubuzima bwagaruwe buhoro buhoro, ariko igihe kitagira akazi cyakozwe cyane kumutima na leta yumunyeshuri wigisha. Mu 1960, yagiye gusura mugenzi we Yulia Kharitona, aruhuka muri Barvikha.
Inshuti zazengurutse parike y'itumba, bavugana, yicara ngo huhube ku ntebe. Mu buryo butunguranye, havutse igisekuru kirekire mubiganiro. Hariton yarebye, abona ko yapfuye. Icyateye urupfu ni Thromboeemolia. Umurambo wumunyeshuri watwitswe, kandi umukungugu washyizwe muri Urn mu rukuta rwa Kremlin kuri kare ya Moscou.
Kwibuka
Mu myaka ya 2020, urukurikirane "rusaruki" rwasohotse kuri ecran, ruvuga ibyaremwe by'intwaro za Atongi. Mu buryo bwa Igor Kurchatov, umukinnyi Mikhail Hmurov yagaragaye. Evgeny Tkachuk, Alexander Lykov, Victor DobronRavov n'abandi bahanzi nabo bafashwe amashusho ku ishusho.Filime imurikira igice cya kabiri cya 1940, atangirira ibitero bya kirimbuzi kuri Hiroshima na Nagasaki maze arangiza ibizamini bya mbere bya Bombes muri Kanama 1949.
Ubuvumbuzi
- 1937 - Ukublott ya mbere mu Burayi
- 1946 - Inararibonye ya Atometor ya mbere mu Burayi
- 1949 - Igisasu cya mbere cya Soviet
- 1953 - Igisasu cya mbere cya Hydrogen kwisi
- 1954-1961 - Igikoresho gikomeye giturika "Tsar Bombes" (Kutanza kwakozwe nyuma y'urupfu rw'amasomo)
- 1954 - Uruganda rwa mbere rwa kirimbuzi ku isi
- 1958 - Inocor ya mbere ya Atomer kubazizi na icebreakers