Ubuzima
Ottoman Sultan Mahmoud II yitandukanyije ku ngoma ye y'ivugurura ryinshi ry'abateranye, kandi yanagize uruhare mu kwiyongera k'umubano wa Ottoman na Misiri, politiki yakorewe yisunze leta ya Sultan.
Ntabwo uzwi cyane kumutegetsi wumwana wumwana. Umuhungu yavukiye mu mpeshyi ya 1785 mu ngoro ya Sultansky ya Tolandy i Istanbul. Nkumuhungu muto wa Abdulha Hamid I - Sultan wa 27 ya Ottoman, Makhmud yazanwe n'abandi bana, abavandimwe na bashiki bacu benshi.
Nyina yari umugore wa karindwi wa Sultan - ukomoka mu birwa bya Karayibe. Hari ukuntu umukobwa yazengurutse inyanja, abambuzi bo muri Afurika barafashwe. Yazanywe mu Bwami bwa Ottoman nk'ibicuruzwa bizima kandi bigurishwa ku isoko rya Aligeriya.
Inteko Nyobozi
Igihe Mahmoud yari umwana, yayoboye se igihugu, yabaga mu gihe cyagenwe kandi yari ari ku bijyanye n'ibibazo rusange. Umugabo yarokotse intambara n'ubwami bw'Uburusiya, ariko amezi 4 nyuma yo kwigarurira, Abarusiya bapfuye bazize ubwonko. Kandi umwanya we wajyanywe na Selim wa III, umuhungu wa Mustafa wa III, wateganyaga gutunganya igihugu cya Ottoman no kuvugurura ingabo. Imbaraga zo kugwa kwe zari zishimye muri Seribiya na Valiya, ntabwo bagaragaje intege nke z'imbaraga za Sultan.
Mu 1807, Selimana asimbuye Inyenzi, muri Isiraheli, abashyigikiye ivugurura ry'abategetsi bashize byakatiwe igihano cy'urupfu. Intambara yakomeje hamwe n'Uburusiya. Umwaka umwe, ubwo bwigomeke bushya bwatangiye, kubera kumena amaraso menshi ku mategeko ya Mahmoud II, Mustafa yarishwe, maze aba 30 Ottoman Sultan. May rero muri biografiya yumugabo Hariho amateka yimyaka myinshi yubutegetsi.
Intege nke z'umunyango wa Ottoman wari mu mashyaka ya politiki n'amashyaka yayo, nk'uko umutegetsi mushya abibona, asaba kuvugurura icyitegererezo cy'Uburayi, gishobora kuba agakiza wenyine. Mahmoud yahisemo gushyigikira politiki ya Selim.
Ikintu cya mbere Mahmoud akora - gikora ivugurura rya gisirikare kandi rikavugurura imirambo ya Yanychar, icyo gihe cyari ishingiro ryingabo z'Ubwami. Kandi kubera ko bagaragaje ko bidahuye mu gihe cy'intambara nyinshi, Sultan yasenya imirambo yabo, kandi mu kugaruka gushira "ingabo zatsinze za Mohammed."
Nkuko benshi bizeraga, ntabwo yabifashe ku gihe, kubera ko ingabo nshya zitagize uburambe na disipulini nkenerwa mu ntambara irangiye n'Uburusiya n'Ubugereki. Hanyuma umutegetsi ahatirwa kwishimira ingabo intwaro nkenerwa no kwiga kwe, kubwibyo yatumiye abigisha beza b'Abanyaburayi.
Abahanga mu by'amateka bazihiza umusanzu wa Sultan muri politiki yo mu rugo muri Leta. Uyu mugabo yashakaga guhanagura ingoma ya Ottoman, hamwe na yo, ibintu by'ibikoresho ariko ibintu byatangiye gushyiramo abaturage baho, ikinyamakuru cya mbere cya Ottoman Turukiya yatangiye kubyara. Kugira ngo babone uburere bw'iburengerazuba, urubyiruko rwoherejwe kwiga mu mahanga, imbaraga z'amategeko mu kwita cyane zamenye buhoro buhoro isura y'Uburayi.
Mahmoud yahisemo imyenda yo kugaragara kw'abantu ahantu rusange mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko cy'abayisilamu Rabadan, yashyize mu myambaro yo gukata ibihugu by'Uburayi no ku bihugu bya Leta. Niba kandi, mbere yuko habaho ubutegetsi, umunsi mukuru w'abagabo n'abagore ntushobora kurenga, nyuma yo kwemeza amategeko mashya, aya mategeko ntiyari ukuyemo.
Impinduka zabayeho mu isura y'igihugu gusa. Mahmoud kandi yafashe ibibazo byo kwiga isi. Hamwe na we ubwo burezi rusange, ibigo byuburezi bya gisirikare nibigo byatangiye kugaragara mubwami bwa Ottoman.
Muri icyo gihe, kugerageza kwarakozwe mu rwego rwo gukora uburyo bw'itangazamakuru rya Turukiya no guteza imbere inganda zakazi. Byongeye kandi, impinduka zari zigamije gushimangira inzego nkuru, ndetse no kurwanya imico y'akuri mu ntara no guhezwa kuri ruswa mu bayobozi. Amategeko rusange na mpanabyaha na we yagize impinduka nziza.
Byongeye kandi, twagabanije ibihano ku binyanyo bisindisha no kugurisha kwabo. Izi mico yose hamwe nudushya dukunze gutera ibisubizo bibi mubice byose byimibereho, byasutswe rimwe na rimwe muri iyo myigaragambyo. Kandi ntibitangaje, kuko akenshi byatubahiriraga indangagaciro mbwirizamuco n'ubuhanga bumenyerewe bwubuzima bwa Ottoman. Nubwo yashyizeho umwete, igihugu cyakomeje kwihanganira gutsindwa mu ntambara.
Buhoro buhoro wabuze ingoma ya Ottoman hamwe n'uwahoze ari ubwigenge mu bibazo by'amahanga. Mu masezerano ya politiki n'ubukungu, igihugu cyasenyutse kubera gutsindwa kw'abasirikare. Ikigega cyagabanutse, ikigega cy'ubutaka cyaragabanutse, cyavuyemo gushimangira igitugu.
Byongeye kandi, ingoma ya MakhmuD yuzuye intambara no gutakaza ifasi ari ngombwa mu gihugu. Muri Ottoman-Saudiya, yarwanyije ingoma ya Wahhabi, Muhammed Ali Umunyamisiri, wari umuyobozi wa Sultan, yasubije uruhande rwintambara ku mbaraga za Ottoman. Intambara yo mu Burusiya-Turukiya yo mu 1806-1812 yarangiye Sultan ntabwo ari nziza cyane.
Amaso arangira, Amasezerano ya Bukerest yakozwe, kubera ko Abanyaturukiya batwawe na Moldoviya kandi batuye. Kandi isi ya Aderesi ya Aderesi irangiza intambara yo mu Burusiya na Ottomans mu 1829, ariko na none ikubiyemo ibihe bidafite inyungu kuri nyuma.
Mu myaka y'ubutegetsi bwa Sultan, nyuma y'intambara yo mu Bugereki yo kwigenga, batakaje Ubugereki, inyinshi mu mbaraga zo mu Burayi zarafashijwe. Byongeye kandi, ubwigenge bwabonye Misiri kandi ntikigifitanye isano na Istanbul. Duhereye ku buroko bwa Mahmud, Guverineri Muhammed Ali arasohoka, yashakaga kurema ingoma ye, hanyuma afasha Ottoman ingabo z'Abarusiya gusa.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kimwe n'abandi magana yo mubwami bwa Ottoman, ubuzima bwite bwa Mahmoud bwari bukize. Mu bagore n'inshoreke, umugabo yari afite abagore 18, muri rusange, bamubyaye abana 39 (abahungu 19). Benshi muribo bapfiriye mu bwana n'urubyiruko, abahungu 2 gusa n'abakobwa 5 babayeho ku rukundo. Umwe muri bo, Mikhrimakh-Sultan, yashakanye mu myaka 24, maze mu 1838 yibarutse umugore w'umugore we. Ariko, ako kanya nyuma yo kubyara, umugore, nkumuvuka we, yarapfuye.
Niba tuvuze isura ya Sultan, birakwiye ko tuba uburyo bwo gukura buke no kubarwanya muburyo bwo mumaso, akenshi muri iyo myaka byagaragaye mubishushanyo bye. Muri icyo gihe, uwo mugabo yatandukanijwe n'ubushake bukomeye n'ubwenge bukomeye. Yari yihishwa, yari yarihanganye, agerageza gusohoza intego. Muri icyo gihe, Sultan yashishikajwe n'ubuzima bw'uburayi, kandi ntabwo yaburiye idini.
Urupfu
Mu myaka yashize, Mahmud yarabaswe n'ihohoterwa rikorerwa ibinyobwa bisindisha. Nyuma y'igihe, byatangiye gusenya ubuzima bw'abantu no kugabanya imikorere yacyo, bigenda bihinduka icyateye kwigomeka kw'imbere ndetse n'abagizi ba nabi bo mu mahanga. Kandi imyaka 2-3 yanyuma yubuzima bwumutegetsi ntiyagaragaye ko idahindutse nkumuyobozi wibwami.
Kurwanya amateka yibiyobyabwenge bibi, Sultans yatangiye gutsimbataza indwara aho abaganga batagihangana. Umugabo yapfuye mu 1893, icyateye urupfu ni igituntu cyibihaha na cirrhose yumwijima. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Mahmud wa, umwanya we w'ubutegetsi yafashe umwe mu bahungu - Abdul - Medzhid I.
Kwibuka
Muri 2019, kuri tereviziyo y'Uburusiya, kwerekana urukurikirane "Sultan y'umutima wanjye" yayobowe na kerema chakiroglu yatangiye. Kurwanya inyuma ya Istanbul, intangiriro yikinyejana cya XIX iragaragaza inkuru yurukundo, yujuje ibibazo byinshi nibibazo muburyo bwayo. Umukobwa wa Ambasaderi w'Uburusiya Anna, akora kuri Ambasade y'Ubwami bw'Uburusiya, amenyana na Sultan Madamu II.
Kuba utangiza kwinjiza ivugurura ry'uburezi mu butegetsi bw'igihugu cye, umugabo yatangajwe n'ubwenge n'ubumenyi bwumukobwa mwiza, aramuhamagarira gukora nkabarimu kubana be. Mu mizo ya mbere, umukobwa w'umuyobozi yanze, ariko kubera igitutu cy'abandi bantu baracyumera.
Amaze gumara igihe runaka mu ngoro ya Sultansky, umukobwa ukiri muto yumva akunda mahmoud. Ariko, munzira yayo, Anna itera ibibazo byinshi. Abatuye, abatuye Haremani babona ko umukobwa ari mu buhanga, kandi abana ba Sultan banze kumvira umwarimu bava mu kindi gihugu.
Ikibanza cyatanzwe muri firime ni ibihimbano, kuko mu nshoreke n'abagore sultan ntibigeze bigira abahagarariye Ingoma y'Uburusiya. Uruhare rw'imico nyamukuru, Sultan, rwujuje umukinnyi wa Turukiya Ali Ersan Duru, uruhare rw'umukobwa Ana yagiye muri Ukraine Alexander Nikiforova.