Ubuzima
Muri 2018, film "Mary A Poppins aragaruka" muri ecran ya sinema yasohotse, yafashwe amajwi ashingiye ku nkuru zitangaje zakozwe na Australiya-Bri y'Ubwongereza Prow Prow Paylay-Bri y'Ubwongereza Abanditsi b'Umunditsi wa Australiya - Bri y'Ubwongereza Pamela.
Ntabwo benshi bazi ko mbere yo kwandika igitabo, mu byukuri umugore wiswe Helen Lindon Gooff, yakinnye muri theatre, hanyuma atangira umwuga w'itangazamakuru, hanyuma agatangira umwuga w'itangazamakuru akora umwuga w'ikinyabupfura, akusanya ibinyabupfura, gukusanya ibikoresho ku ngingo. Ibisobanuro bisigaye byubuzima bwuwanditse inkuru yerekeye Supermans ni amayobera nkuko imirimo ye. Igihe gito cyubuzima bwumwanditsi kigaragarira mubikorwa byumuyobozi John Lee Hancock "ikize Bwana Bank".
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Pamela Kurwanya Pamela, akivuka witwa Helen Lindon Goff, mu mujyi wa Maryborough ya Australiya, uherereye ku butaka bwahoze ari Abakoloni b'Abongereza. Padiri agerageza Robert Hoff yakoze nk'umuyobozi w'imari, maze Mama Margaret yabaye mu mwishywa wo mu rwego rwo hejuru umuyobozi wa Minisitiri w'intebe wari Umwanya wa Minisitiri w'intebe.
Imyaka yambere yubuzima bwumwanditsi w'ejo hazaza yanyuze munzu nini yuburonewe nkibye ababyeyi bakunda, bashiki bacu bato n'abakozi. Ariko mu 1905, umukozi wa banki yamanuwe, kandi umuryango wagombaga kwimukira mu rugo ruto.
Utiriwe uhangana n'ingorane z'amafaranga, umusaza wababazwe yari yarabaswe n'inzoga kandi mu 1907 yapfuye azize igare rya Epilepsy. Nyuma yibyo, Margaret hamwe nabana batuye mu burasirazuba bwa Ositaraliya, mu nzu ya nyirasenge, bishimiye kwiyongera kwubukwe bwa Lindon mu kigo cyigenga muri Eshfield muri Eshfield.
Umukobwa wigishije gusoma afite imyaka 3, ntabwo yahise akwiranye n'ikigo gishya cy'uburezi. Kurambirwa mu masomo, yakunze kubona umuburo utuye abarimu kugira ngo ubunebwe n'imyitwarire idahwitse ku ngingo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umuyobozi w'inzu y'ingabo yemeye ko Lindi yitabiriye isomero maze abitegeka gushushanya ibintu byo gukora amashuri. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, umwanditsi uzaza yashimishijwe na theatre atangira kurota umwuga wa Umukinnyi wa Umukinnyi.
Igihe cy'ibizamini by'ibizamini byazaga, umuryango w'i kuzimu wari hafi guhomba, kandi aho kujya ku ntego intego, Lyndon yagombaga kubona akazi. Inshingano z'umukobwa wumukobwa uhujwe namasomo muri studio ya Sydney, kandi mugihe cye cyubusa, amakinamico yaho yahoraga asurwa, atabuze premiere imwe.
Ndashimira ubuhanga bwabonetse mumasomo yo kubyina, kandi impano yumusore wanduye kugirango yinjire muri Troupe Allan Wilki, kabuhariwe mubyara wa William Shakespeare. Ngaho, umukinnyi wa firigo yatangiye, aterana n'umuryango we kubera umwuga we, yanze izina rye maze afata izina rya Pseudonym Pamela Lindon arakarenga.
Gucira urubanza ku ifoto yarinzwe, mu rubyiruko Lindon yari ubwiza, igice rero mu 1921, nyuma gato yo gukina, kimwe cya Titanium mu mikorere ya kera yo gukina " Ijoro ryo gusinzira ". Muri icyo gihe, Pamela, wari ufite ingingo nyinshi mu mizigo yacapishijwe mu kinyamakuru cyo muri Ositaraliya "Bulletin", yahisemo kwishora mu itangazamakuru maze atangira kwandika ibisigo no gusuzuma itangazamakuru ryaho.
Ibitabo
Gushiraho ibaruwa yawe bwite yo kwandika, abamugaye basabwaga umunyamakuru kandi batangira kwakira amabwiriza n'ibinyamakuru n'ibinyamakuru. Umwuga w'ubuhanzi wimukiye buhoro buhoro, kandi umukobwa ukiri muto yiyemeje gutembera no kubona ibitekerezo kubikorwa byubuvanganzo.
Mu 1924, Pamela ari kumwe n'umukunzi w'umukobwa yagiye mu Bwongereza, hanyuma yerekeza muri Irilande, aho kubera impamvu runaka yatangiye guhisha ubwenegihugu n'inkomoko. Mu myaka itari mike, abatwara amakosa bakoraga nk'umunyamakuru w'ibitabo bya Ositarariya ku mugabane wa Ositaraliya kandi buri gihe bohereza ingingo zishimishije zerekeye ubuzima bwo mu Burayi mu gihugu cye.
Abasomyi b'Abongereza bamenyereye umurimo w'abanyamakuru batewe n'ibisohokayandikiro mu kinyamakuru cyo muri Leta cya Irlande, umuyobozi mukuru mukuru yari George William Russell. Pamela yabaye inshuti n'umubwiriza kandi aterwa n'ibitekerezo bye bya tewosofical byatangiye kwandika imirimo mito, aho fantasy yarenze imipaka y'ibitekerezo bya muntu.
Nibwo inkuru ya mbere yitwa "Mary Poppins hamwe nugurisha imikino", aho nanny nziza, yaguye mu kirere, abifashijwemo n'ubumaji butera abana batuje Bwana na Madamu Back. Iyi nkuru, yacapishijwe n'ikinyamakuru izuba mu Gushyingo mu 1926, ntabwo yatsinze byinshi, ariko umwanditsi yakunze ishusho ya Mary Poppine, yahisemo kwandika urukurikirane rw'imigani yerekeye umuvuduko mwiza.
Desit yo kwandika yashyize ku mibanire mu ruziga rw'ubuvanganzo ya Irlande, kandi bidatinze uwo tuziranye na bashya yari uwatsinze izina ry'umudozi. Ubwanditsi yamye ashishikajwe nizindi isi kandi ntibumva ijambo ryose ryumusizi uzwi cyane wo muri Irilande. Yaguye ubumenyi bwayo ku migani ya celtic no gusoma umubare munini wibitabo byeguriwe Budisime n'Abahindu.
Umaze kwiyandikisha ku nkunga ya Jate n'abandi banditsi bo muri Irlande, mu 1932 Pamela yahisemo kwandika igitabo kivuga ku gitabo cy'Abasoviyeti maze kijya mu rugendo i Moscou, Nizny Novgorod na Leningrad.
Muri urwo rugendo, Pamela yasuzumye ibiboneka maze amenya ko atabyeretse uyu murusiya. Umunyamakuru yatangaje ko ari ibintu, umunyamakuru yatangaje urukurikirane rw'inyandiko za satani i New York munsi yizina "gutembera kwa Moscou" kandi mbikesheje abaturage ba sovidatiye Abasoviyeti bamenyesheje abasomyi b'Abanyamerika.
Kugaruka mu burengerazuba, traves yongeye guhindukirira imigani, kandi mu 1934 isi y'icyongereza ivuga hamwe no gukomeza amateka ya Mariya Poppine ya Mariya. Igitabo kirimo ikigereranyo cyamabara ya Mariya Shepard yahise gitsinda mubucuruzi no gukundwa. Ariko, umwanditsi yizeraga ko abumva bumvise byimazeyo ibikubiye mu mirimo, byafashwe n'inzira yinkuru kubana.
Gukomeza imigenzo y'abarimu ba Irilande - abahanga mu bya tewolofiyo kandi babwiriza uko ibitangaza bya Mystic, Paemela yagerageje kwerekana ko ibitangaza ari kugerwaho, Paorge Gurdjieff, Pargela yagerageje kwerekana ko ibitangaza ari kugerwaho kandi bakuze, nibyitonda gato kureba hirya no hino.
Iki gitekerezo cyakundaga nyiri filimi kizwi kwisi ya Walt Disney, mu 1956 yaguze uburenganzira bwo guhuza ibitabo bye na Pamela. Iyi filime, aho umukinnyi wa filie Julie Andrews yagize uruhare rwa Mary Poppine, yabaye umwe mu muziki mwiza w'icyo gihe kandi wakiriye amajwi 13 n'ibihembo 5 by'Abanyamerika AANDAMATONGHS NA SERIVIDS.
Ubutaha, Nanny-Magitiya yagaragaye kuri ecran ashimira imbaraga z'umuyobozi w'Abasoviyeti Leonins, Mary Poppins, yongeye gutoranya Oscar mu byiciro "umuziki mwiza", "Ikositimu nziza", " "na" Akazi keza "Umuhanzi-Umuyobozi."
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Pamela Travers hafi ntabwo yatanze ikiganiro, igerageza kutamamaza amakuru yubuzima bwe, kandi kubwiyi mpamvu babwiwe nibitabo byinshi hamwe nabagabo nabagore. Hariho ibihuha bibaye imyaka myinshi umwanditsi yari mu mibanire n'umukobwa w'igicura cya PlayWort Francis Bernard, madge.
Kuva mu 1927 kugeza 1934, abakobwa bakobwa babaga mu nzu imwe i Londres, hanyuma bimukira bajya mu burasirazuba bwa Susex bakuramo akazu k'ibyatsi hamwe n'ubusitani.
Muri icyo gihe, Pamela yahuye n'inshuti na Menosor George Russell, hanyuma igihe runaka giterana n'umukinnyi wo mu kinyamakuru cya Francis Mcnamar. Nta n'umwe muri ubwo mibanire yatumye gushyingirwa, kandi mu gukura mu gukura, ubuzima bwe bwose bwarose umugabo we n'abana be, bahisemo kurera. Nk'uko inama z'inyenyeri, umwanditsi yageze umwuzukuru w'umwanditsi wa Dublin n'umuhanga mu by'amateka Joseph Gon.
Igishimishije ni uko umwana warezwe afite umuvandimwe w'impanga, aho Pamela yari azi neza. Gufata umuhungu umwe gusa, abamugaye bafashe uburere bwa kamillaus, bihishe amakuru yerekeye inkomoko ye. Gusa mfite imyaka 17, yamenye ku mpanuka ko afite umuvandimwe kavukire.
Ibi byabaye nyuma ya Anthony Gn agera i Londres no mu businzi bwacitse muri shebuja w'umwanditsi, asaba amatariki ya kamillaus. Pamela yirukanwe muri grubiya, ariko ntashobora guhisha uyu mukobwa kubyerekeye Umwana.
Mu gutongana na nyina, umusore yavuye mu rugo kandi muri imwe mu masobe yongeye guhura na musaza w'impanga. Iyi nama yahise yicara ku miryango. Nyuma ye, Camalle atangiye kunywa, vertse muri kaminuza nyuma atangira kubaho ubuzima budasanzwe.
Umutima wa Pamela wacitse, ariko ukesheje gutekereza no gukurikiza amasezerano y'abarimu, yasanze imbaraga zo kugarura kandi yigisha ibitabo mu Cyongereza na kaminuza ya Irilande ku busaza.
Urupfu
Kurangiza ubuzima bwa Pamela bwifunze muri we kandi ntibikunze kuvugana nabanyamakuru nabafana. Mbere y'urupfu rwe, yazanye umuhungu urera, ariko igihugu cye cyigishije abuzukuru.
Kubera imigenzo yo gutekereza yafashije kugera ku guhuza no mu mutwe, abamugaye babayeho mu busaza kandi mu myaka 96 bapfiriye ahaguye i Londres bucece i Londres ku ya 23 Mata 1996. Abaganga ntibasezeranye kwisuzumisha neza, ariko byatekerejwe ko icyateye urupfu aricyo cyanga rusange imirimo y'umubiri.
Bibliografiya
- 1926 - "Mary Poppins n'umugurisha imikino"
- 1934 - "Urugendo rwa Moscou"
- 1934 - "Mary Poppins"
- 1935 - "Mary Poppins aragaruka"
- 1944 - "Mary Poppins ifungura umuryango"
- 1962 - "Mary Poppins kuva A kugeza kuri Z"
- 1962 - "Ingunzu ku mwanda"
- 1971 - Inshuti Inguge
- 1980 - "Ibirindiro bibiri"