Amateka y'inyuguti
Imiterere nyamukuru yimirimo itangaje ya Alexey Tolstoy "injeniyeri ya Garin". Injeniyeri w'Uburusiya waremye "hyperboloid" ni analogue ya laser, igikoresho gishoboye gushiraho imbaraga zisumbabyose. Intwaro ziteye ubwoba zisenya vuba ibintu byose. Garin ihangayikishijwe nigitekerezo cyo gutegeka isi, kandi mugihe runaka imico ishobora kuba umunyagitugu muri Amerika.Amateka yo Kurema
Alexey Tolstoy yarangije akazi ku gitabo cyiza cyane "Hyperboloid Conneer Garna" mu 1927. Igitekerezo cyizina cyaje muburyo bunini nyuma yo kuganira ninshuti mwizina rya olenin. Yabwiye umwanditsi kubyerekeye iterambere ryumuryango runaka wapfuye mu 1918. Uyu mufasha ngo yubatse igiteranyo gisa na hyperboloid yasobanuwe.
Gukora kushyami, umwanditsi yakwegereye impuguke, urugero, abashakashatsi Peter Lazarev, bazwi mugihe cya fiziki. Tolstoy nayo yamenyereye ibihe byiza kubitekerezo bya molekile. Inyandiko zakozwe mugihe cyo kwitegura akazi kushyaminya, tubisanga mubitabo byandika byumwanditsi hakiri intangiriro yimyaka 20 yikinyejana cya makumyabiri. Umwanditsi yari agiye kwandika igitabo cyibice bitatu, uwambere yari akwiye kuba adventure, iyakabiri - intwari, na gatatu - Utopian.
Igice cya mbere cyigitabo cyasohotse mbere yuko inyandiko yose irangiye - mu 1925 mubyumba bitatu byikinyamakuru "urutato rutukura". Umwaka umwe, igice cya kabiri cyigitabo cyasohotse mu kinyamakuru kimwe. Muri Gashyantare 1927, Tolstoy yasohoye verisiyo nshya yo kurangiza igitabo cyitwa The Tevel, yari yitwaga "Garine-Umunyagitugu" muri Novi.
Tolstoy yari agiye gutangaza mu kinyamakuru no mu gice cya gatatu cy'igitabo kivuga kuri Garina, ariko ntiyigeze andika. Umwanditsi yashushanyije gahunda y'igice cya gatatu mu mpeshyi 1924. Byafashwe ko igihe cy'igitabo cy'Igitabo cyabera ejo hazaza - 1930, inyuma ni intangiriro y'intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose, kandi byose byagombye kuba byarangiraga impinduramatwara y'i Burayi.
Ariko, iki gitekerezo nticyagenze gushyirwa mubikorwa. Ikibanza cyigitabo, nkigisubizo, cyanditswe muri Tolstoy, kiratandukanye cyane na gahunda yambere. Nyuma yo kurangiza inyandiko, umwanditsi yakomeje guhindura igitabo. Mu 1934, Tolstoy yahinduye imiterere kandi ajugunya igice cy'ibice biva mu nyandiko, kandi igice cyaragabanutse.
Nyuma yiyi myaka ibiri, igitabo cyagombaga gusubiramo munsi yabana no guta "abakuze". Mu 1937, umwanditsi yongeye gukora inyandiko kandi akubiyemo ibice bishya mu gitabo, yongeraho finale nshya, "akemukira" uhereye ku nyandiko y'amagambo ya siyansi. Ibyahinduwe bigezweho byatanzwe mu 1939, hanyuma ahantu runaka wabuze.
"HANDPOKOIIDELOID ya Garina"
Nk'uko umugambi, Peter GarIN yashushanyije ibikoresho, ahamagara "hyperboloid" gukoresha umwarimu wa Nikolay Manseva. Mantera ubwe yari geologiya kandi yapfuye mu gihe cyo kwiruka muri Taiga. Kubikoresho byuru rugendo rwimikino kandi bashoboye kubaka ibirindiro byerekana ibyabaye, byatekerejwe.
Garin asanga umukunzi ahagarariwe no kuzunguruka - Umuherwe wa Amerimionaire, ufitanye isano n'inganda. Ukoresheje hyperboloid, garwin ihana imbonankubone yibihingwa byabanyamerika bazunguruka abapinyirizo. Umumaririkazi atanga intwari ya garin ikoresha mugufata ikirwa mu nyanja ya pasifika. Kuri iki kirwa, intwari yemerwa gukuramo zahabu. Imbaraga za hyperboloid ziha inkingi kugirango winjire mu mara yisi, mbere yuko ibyo bitashoboka. Nkigisubizo, intwari ibona kubitsa bya zahabu bidasubirwaho.
Kubera abayoboke, Garin yamaze guterwa na zahabu, kandi Iburengerazuba "Iburengerazuba" Isi Yibizwa Mubibazo Byimbitse. Kwifashisha uko ibintu bimeze, Garine igura imishinga minini y'inganda muri Amerika kandi amaherezo igira ingaruka nkizo ziba umunyagitugu.
Intwari ifata izina rishya - Pierre Harry, ariko kuva kera kugirango ategeke Amerika Garkin ntabwo ari amahirwe. Intumwa ya Leta y'Abasoviyeti Sdaily Shelda, hamwe n'itsinda ry'uguha impinduramatwara, ifata hyperboloid, ku bushobozi bwa Garina. Nyuma yibi, hari abakozi bigometse ku isi.
Gukingira
Mu 1965, filime y'impimbano "hyperboloid injeniyeri Garin" yarekuwe ku ishuri rya Gorky rya Hyperboloid ya Garina muri Moscou ishingiye ku mwobo w'Abaroma Alexei. Uruhare rwa Garni Hariho Umukinnyi Evgeny Evgeny Evstigneev, na Alexander Ginzburg aba umuyobozi wa film. Kunegura inshuro z'Abasoviyeti vsevolod revoch yahamagaye film "ibanga rya filozofiya igaragara". Abandi banegura bibanze ku kuba umukara n'umweru "Garin" yarashwe mu idendezi ya film y'Abanyamerika "noir" n'ibidasanzwe kandi bishimishije uhereye ku buryo bugaragara.
Mu 1973, urukurikirane rune-rukurikirane "Krahi Garina Engina" hamwe na Oleg Boosov yasohotse kuri studio ya firime ya Lenfilm. Umuyobozi wa Filime - Leonid Querihidze. Abaremwa ba firime batereranye Antiotic Antiotic Antiotichic Yakozwe na Tolstoy. Inyuguti zinyuguti za firime zerekanwe "uhagaze". Garin kuva abafana hamwe na gahunda zifatika zihinduka umuntu ushaka gukungahaza gusa. Zoya, nyirabuja wa Garina, ukomoka kuri charisturers adventunts, ikorana nurwego, ihinduka umudamu ufite ubwoba.
Muri firime nyinshi zo gutandukana kuva umugambi wigitabo. Kurugero, imiterere ya charger muri iki gitabo igira uruhare ruto. Muri firime, uyu muntu agaragazwa numukozi wumuteguro runaka wa Fashiste, uhora agira ingaruka kubibaho. Mugihe kimwe, umubano winyuguti nkuru washyikirijwe gahunda muri firime.
Vasily Shelda muri Roma - Umukozi ushinzwe iperereza ku byaha muri Petter na Umukozi w'Ubusogisi, ukorwa mu gikoresho cya VerOletation. Muri firime, iyi ntwari yahindutse fiziki ya Novice, yishora muri Caruer Galina yavuye mubiganiro bya pariotike nubushobozi bwa siyansi, kandi ntabwo ari kumurimo.
Nanone, nta mibereho isi yasobanuwe mu gitabo, ibibazo byisi yose, byateguwe na garin, kurwanywa imiterere nyamukuru hamwe na SELDA, resitora yisi, nibindi. Hyperboloid ubwayo muri firime nayo ntabwo isa nibikoresho byasobanuwe mu gitabo.