Chiphunzitso
Emperor Peter III FEDovovich adatchedwa Karl ndi Peter Ulrich, chifukwa wolamulira waku Russia wa ku Russia adabadwira mumzinda wa Kiel waku Germany. Pa Mpando wa Chirasha, Peter III adatenga theka la chaka (zaka zovomerezeka), pambuyo pake, pambuyo pake idakhala yovutitsidwa ndi mkazi wake Catherine II, yomwe idasinthidwa womwalirayo Mkazi.
Ndizachilendo kuti m'zaka za m'ma 100 zotsatira, mbiri ya Mbiri ya Mbiri ya Peter Iii idaperekedwa kuchokera ku malingaliro onyansa, kotero chifanizo chake mwa anthu chidakhala chosalimbikitsa. Koma posachedwa, olemba mbiri amawona kuti mfumuyi idaliponso zofunikira kwambiri kudzikolo, ndipo nthawi yayitali kwambiri muulamuliro wake udzadzetsenso anthu okhala mu ufumu wa Russia.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Popeza mnyamatayo adabadwira mchikhalire Karl Friedrich Hollytein, mwana wa mchimwene wake wa Mfumu Peter XAII woyamba (Kenako) anali mdzukulu wa Petro Fate yake idakonzedweratu kuyambira ali akhanda. Ndidawoneka motayika pakuwala, mwanayo adadzakhala wolowa m'malo wa ku Swideni, ndipo kuphatikizapo, mu chiphunzitsocho chimatha kufunsa kuti mpando wachira aku Russia, sindiyenera kuchitika.
Ubwana wa Peter wachitatu sanali wachifumu konse. Mnyamatayo wataya amayi ake molawirira, ndipo bambo ake, adayang'ana mayiko ena onse otayika, adalera mwana wake ngati msilikari. Pokhala ndi zaka 10, Karl Peter adapatsidwa mutu wa riemotenant, ndipo pambuyo pake anali ndi ana amasiye.
Karl Frientrich, mwana wake wamwamuna adalowa mnyumba kupita ku bishop korolk, m'bale wake, pomwe mnyamatayo adasinthiratu. Palibe amene amasamalira mapangidwe a kalonga wa chisoti, ndipo pofika zaka 13 sakanatha kuwerenga. Karl Peter anali ndi thanzi lofooka, anali wachinyamata wodwala komanso wachinyamata, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala wabwino komanso wosalakwa. Ankakonda nyimbo ndi utoto, ngakhale chifukwa chakumukakumbukira kwa Atate nthawi yomweyo adapereka "nkhondo yankhondo".
Komabe, zimadziwika kuti mpaka kumwalira kwa Emperor Peter III, ndimaopa phokoso la kuwombera ndi michere yamkuntho. Mbiri imakondwereranso kusakhazikika kwa anyamatawa ku malingaliro ndi zopangira, nthawi zambiri zimasokonekera. Palinso mtundu wina womwe, m'kukulaku unyamata, Karl Peter adapeza kudalira mowa.
Moyo wamtsogolo wa mfumu ya onse-Russia asintha ali ndi zaka 14. Pa mpando wa Russia, azakhali ake a Elizabeth i Petrovna, yemwe adasankha kuphatikiza mbadwa za adansi a abambo ake. Popeza Karl Peter anali wolowa nyumba yolunjika kwa Petro woyamba, adayitanidwira ku St. Fedorovich.
Pa msonkhano woyamba ndi mwana wa mchimwene wa Elizabeti, umbuli wake unazizwa ndi kuyika wolandira wachifumu wa namkumyoni. Aphunzitsiwo anati luso labwino kwambiri mgululi, lomwe limapangitsa chimodzi mwa nthano chabe za Peter IIi monga "msirikali wofooka" ndi "chodetsa zamalingaliro".
Ngakhale pali umboni kuti mfumu idachita mwa anthu ndizodabwitsa kwambiri. Makamaka m'kachisi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene ntchito yaumulungu Petulo anaseka ndi kunena mokweza. Inde, ndipo zikuchitika kukhala ndi alaliki akunja. Mwinanso machitidwe oterewa ndikupanga mphekesera za "kudzikuza" kwake.
Komanso mu unyamata wake, anali ndi mwala woopsa wa nthomba, yomwe ingapangitse kupatuka kwa chitukuko. Nthawi yomweyo, Petro Fberorovich adadzipereka mu sayansi yomwe ili ndi sayansi yomwe ndi kupangira ma geography, a Germany, French ndi Chitirini. Koma Russia mwachidziwikire sanadziwe. Koma sanafune kuti azichita izi.
Mwa njira, wakuda oypa anasowa kwambiri nkhope ya Petro. Koma mwanjira iliyonse yolakwika iyi siyowonetsedwa. Ndipo za luso la kujambula ndiye kuti palibe lingaliro lina - chithunzi choyamba padziko lapansi chidawonekera pazaka 60 zokha. Chifukwa chake zokongola zake zolembedwa kuchokera ku chilengedwe zidafikira nthawi yanthawiyo, koma "ojambula".
Bungwe Lolamulira
Imfa ya Elizabeti itamwalira petrovna pa Disembala 25, 1761, Peter Fedoovich adalumikizana ndi mpandowachifumu. Koma sizinakhumudwitsidwa, zidakonzedwa pambuyo pa gulu lankhondo ku Denmark. Zotsatira zake, Peter III anali atakwangtsika kwambiri mu 1796 ndi Paul I.
Adakhala masiku 186 pa Mpandowachifumu. Panthawi imeneyi, Petro adasainidwa mwalamulo ndi lamulo. Ndipo ngakhale osawerengera malingaliro kwa mphotho. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale zitangopeka komanso zibonga za umunthu wake ndi zochitika zake, ngakhale kwa kanthawi kochepa, adakwanitsa kudzimana ndi mfundo zakunja ndi zamkati.
Chikalata Chofunika Kwambiri cha Ulamuliro wa Peter Fedoovich - "Manifesto pa Ufulu Wolemekezeka." Mabungwe azaukwati awa adamasulidwa olemekezeka ochokera ku ntchito ya zaka 18 ndipo adawalola kuti atuluke kunja.
Kuchokera kwa ena milandu ya Mfumu, ndikofunikira kudziwa kusintha kwa kusintha kwa boma. Iye, kukhala pampando wachifumu zisanu ndi chimodzi yekhayo, adakwanitsa kuthetseratu ku ofesi yachipembedzo, kuletsa kuwongolera kwa nzika za omwe ali pa nkhani zamituyi, ndikofunikira kubwalo laintaneti - kupanga bwalo la Ufumu waku Russia ukutseguka. Analengezanso nkhalango ndi chuma cha dziko, adakhazikitsa boma la boma ndikuyambitsa koyamba kufalikira. Koma pambuyo pa Peter Fberovich, zonunkhira zonsezi zinawonongedwa.
Chifukwa chake, mfumu ya Peter III inali ndi cholinga chofuna kupanga ufumu wa ku Russia kwaulere, wocheperachepera ndikuwunikiridwa.
Ngakhale izi, olemba mbiri ambiri amaganiza za nthawi yochepa komanso zotsatira za ulamuliro wake woyipa kwambiri ku Russia. Chifukwa chachikulu chokhalira ndi zomwe zasintha kwambiri kwa nkhondo ya chaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Petro anali ndi maubale oyipa ndi asilikari asitikali, ataimitsa nkhondo ndi Prussia ndipo adabweretsa ankhondo aku Russia ku Berlin. Ena ankawona zochitazi ngati kuperekedwa, koma chigonjetso cha oyang'anira munkhondoyi chinabweretsa kutchuka kapena kwa iye payekha kapena ku Austria ndi France, yemwe mbali yake idathandizira gulu lankhondo. Koma chifukwa cha ufumu wa ku Russia, palibe phindu lake ndi nkhondoyi.
Anasankhanso kudziwitsa malamulo a asitikali aku Russia - alonda adawoneka ngati mawonekedwe atsopano, ndipo chilangocho chinalinso ku Prussian - Cagsian. Kusintha kotereku sikunamuwonjezere iye ulamuliro, koma, m'malo mwake, adapatsa mkwiyo ndipo kusatsimikizika mawa, mu gulu lankhondo ndi mabwalo a khothi.
Moyo Wanu
Pamene wolamulira wamtsogolo ali ndi zaka 17, adzudzula Elizaveta Petrovna adathamanga kuti akwatire. Princem Green Frederick Augusto adasankha mkazi wa Sophia Frederick Augustos, omwe lero dziko lonse lapansi likudziwa pansi pa dzina lachiwiri. Ukwati wa wolowa m'malowo udasewera ndi Spevel. Monga mphatso, Petro ndi Katherine adawonetsedwa kuti ali ndi nyumba zachifumu za kuwerengera Alexander Menshikov - Oraniebam pafupi ndi St. Peterstsy pafupi ndi Moscow.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti Peter III ndi Ekaterina II sanapirirena ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi abale ake mwalamulo. Ngakhale mkaziyo atapatsa Peter wolowa m'malo wa Paulo, ndipo mwana wamkazi wa Anna, analowa nawe, kuti sanamvetsetse ana awa. "
Wolowa kwa mwanayo, mfumu ya ku Russia yamtsogolo ya ku Russia, idachotsedwa kwa makolo, mkwiyo wa Elizaveta Petrovna adaleredwa nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, Petro Fedovich sanali wachisoni. Sanasangalalepo ndi Mwana wake. Anaona mnyamatayo kamodzi pa sabata, pomwepo chinali chisankho cha kukhulupirika. Mwana wamkazi Anna Petrovna adamwalira kale.
Zokhudza ubale wolimba wa Petrochitatu ndi Katherine Wachiwiriyo akuti wolamulirayo wakangana ndi mkazi wake ndipo adawopseza kuti amusiya. Nthawi ina, munthu wa mnzakeyo atavala zoseweretsa zojambulidwa paphwando, Peter III adalamula kuti agwire mkazi. Kuchokera kundende, Catheriine adangopulumutsidwa ndi amalume polowererapo kwa Peter, George Golstein-gortorky. Koma ndi zowawa zonse, mkwiyo, mwachilendo, Zhugene nsanje ya Asteror Fdorovich anali kuti amulemekeze malingaliro ake. M'mavuto, nthawi zambiri komanso ndalama, mwamuna wa ku Ekiteina ankapempha thandizo. Zambiri zasungidwa kuti Peter III Catherine II idatchedwa "Mayi Aft".
Ndizofunikira, pa moyo wa Peter III, kusowa kwa ubale wokhala ndi katheraine sikunakhudze. Peter Fberovich anali ndi mavuto, amwenso mwana wamkazi wa Roma Vorontsov. Ana ake aakazi awiri anaperekedwa pabwalo: Catherine, yemwe amakhala mnzake wa mnzake, ndipo pambuyo pake akalonga a Dashkova, ndi Elizabeti. Apa zidagumula kukhala mzimayi wokondedwa ndipo amakonda kwambiri Peter III. Kwa iye, anali wokonzeka kuthetsa ukwati wokhala ndi ukwati, koma izi zidachitika izi.
Imfa
Pampando wachifumu, Petro Fberoovich adatsala pang'ono kupitirira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pofika chilimwe cha 1762, mkazi wake ku Ekatate wachiwiri adawuzira unie wake kuti akakonzekere nyumba yachifumu, yomwe idachitika kumapeto kwa June. Peter, yemwe adakhudzidwa ndi wochita zachilengedwe wa chilengedwe, anakatula Mpira wa Russia, yemwe poyamba sanayamikire ndipo sanafune, ndipo anafuna kubwerera kudziko lakwawo. Komabe, mwa dongosolo la Catherine, Empeor wopusa adamangidwa ndikuyikidwa munyumba yachifumu ku Ropsche pafupi ndi St. Petersburg.
Ndipo pa Julayi 17, 1762, patatha sabata limodzi, Peter III anamwalira. Choyambitsa Imfa chinali "kuwukira kwa hemorrrorhiid colic", kukulimbikitsidwa ndi kuzunzidwa ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa. Komabe, mtundu waukulu wa kufa kwa mfumu ndi imfa yankhanza yochokera ku Alexei Orlova, mlongo wamkulu wa Mkulu wa Orlova - chinthu chachikulu panthawi yomwe mumakonda kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti ziwombankhanga zinasoweka mkaiga, ngakhale kuti sizingachitike kuchipatala kapena mbiri yakale kutsimikizira izi. Mtundu uwu umadalira pa "kalata yolapa" ya Alexey, yomwe m'nthawi yathu ino yasungidwa m'makope, ndipo asayansi amakono ali ndi chidaliro kuti pepalali ndi labodza la Medor, dzanja lamanja la Paulo poyamba.
Pambuyo pa munthu wakale wa Emperor wakale, panali lingaliro lolakwika la umunthu ndi mbiri ya Peter IIi, chifukwa ziganizo zonse zidapangidwa chifukwa cha chikumbutso cha mkazi wake Katherine II, omwe atenga nawo mbali ya Mfumukazi ya Dashkina , imodzi mwamalingaliro akulu a chiwembuchi, kuwerengera Nikita panin, ndi m'bale wake - kuwerengera Peterny Onani. Ndiye kuti, kutengera ndi malingaliro a anthu omwe adapereka Petro Fberorovich.
Ingothokozani "zokumbukira za Katherine II, chithunzi cha Peter III ngati amuna oledzera, atamangidwa. Akuti mayi adalowa mu ofesi ya mfumu ndipo adadabwa adawonekera. Pamwamba patebulo lake inali yotsika. Wokwatirana naye adamuyankha kuti achita cholakwa komanso malamulo ankhondo amachotsedwa. Malinga ndi iye, adaphedwa ndipo kwa masiku atatu adzapachikika pamaso pa anthu. Sergey Solovyev, ndipo akufotokoza za Petrochitatu, adabwereza "nkhani" iyi.
Kodi zinali zenizeni, kapena chifukwa chake Katherine II pa maziko ake "osamveka" adapanga chithunzi chake chabwino, tsopano sizotheka kudziwa.
Mphekesera zaimfa zimapangitsa kuti ambiri azipondaponse, amadzitcha okha "mfumu." Zoterezi zidachitika kale, ndikofunikira kukumbukira tsatanetsatane wa Lhadmiemriev. Koma ndi chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adadzipereka okha kwa mfumu, Petro Fberoovich alibe mpikisano. Anthu osachepera 40 adapezeka kuti "a Lzthetter III", omwe ndi a Emelyian Pugachev ndi Stepan ang'ono.
Kukumbuka
- 1934 - Valivi "Sluttty Herpress" (mu gawo la Peter III - Sam Jofefe)
- 1963 - Art film "Katerina ku Russia" (monga Peter III - Raul Calicin)
- 1987 - buku "nthano ya kalonga waku Russia" - SoCHNOKOV A. S.
- 1991 - Chithunzi filimu "Vivat, Avamiya!" (Pankhani ya Peter III - Mikhail Efremov)
- 1991 - Buku la "kuyesedwa ndi zozizwitsa. "Kalonga wa ku Russia" ndi Onyenga "- Sochnikov A. S.
- 2007 - Buku "Edwatarina II ndi Peter III: Mbiri Yachikhalidwe Cha Mikangano Yovuta" - Ivanov O. A.
- 2012 - Buku la "Olowa M'malo Nchiwiri" - Eliseva O.I.
- 2014 - Mndandanda "Katherine" (Monga Peter III - Alexander Yatsenko)
- 2014 - Chipilala kwa Peter III mumzinda waku Germany ku Khiel (Scluller Alexander Taratynov)
- 2015- Mfundo "zazikulu" (gawo la Peter III - Pavel Derevyanko)
- 2018 - TV mndandanda "wamagazi Baryn" (mu gawo la Peter III - Evgeny Kulakov)