Chiphunzitso
Potchula dzina la ray Bradbury, aliyense adzaganiza za buku labwino kwambiri. Ray Bradbury ndi amodzi mwa olemba sayansi ya sayansi, mwini wake wa zolembedwa, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa zopeka. Komabe, Bradbury sanadziwone yekha wolemba zopeka za sayansi.
Ray Douglas Bradbury adabadwa pa Ogasiti 22, 1920 ku Ukygan (Illinois, USA). Abambo a wolemba wamtsogolo, Leonard adaponya Bradbury (1891-1957) - kuchoka pa banja la Britain, kuchokera pakati pa anthu oyamba ku North America. Tinasamukira ku England mu 1630. Mu autobigraphy pali nthano ya banja: Agogo aakazi a Reiry Bradbury ndi "ngwazi ya kubadwa", atapachikidwa atazengedwa mlandu wa 1692. Amayi Reia - Marie Esther Moberg (1888-1966), Sweden.
Kuphatikiza pa Ray, banjali linkakula mwana wamwamuna wina, Leonard. Ena awiri (Sam Sam ndi Mlongo Elizabeti) adamwalira kuyambira ali wakhanda. Mnyamata amayambila kumwalira kwa okondedwa awo, omwe amafufuza m'malemba ena mtsogolo.
M'banja la BradBury ankakonda zaluso. Chidwi chidalipira sinema yotuluka.
Panthawi ya "mtima waukulu" m'tauni yaying'ono, bambowo sanapeze ntchito. Mu 1934, banja la Bradbury linasamukira ku Los Angeles, kukhazikika m'nyumba ya amalume. Ankakhala molimbika. Nditamaliza maphunzirowa, mnyamatayo adagwira ntchito yogulitsa nyuzipepala. Panalibe ndalama zopitirira patsogolo pa maphunziro ake. Maphunziro apamwamba a maphunziro sanalandire. Malinga ndi wolemba, anasinthanso laibulale ku koleji. Katatu pa sabata, mnyamatayo adayenda kumbuyo kwa mabuku m'chipinda chowerengera. Nthawi yomweyo, pa 12, mnyamatayo anali ndi chidwi chodzinankha. Kuti mugule bukuli ndi E. Berrowza "wankhondo wamkulu wa Mars" Panalibe ndalama, ndipo wolemba wachinyamata adapitilirabe nkhaniyo. Ili ndiye gawo loyamba la sayansi ya Bradbury.
Chilengedwa
Mnyamatayo adaganiza zokhala wolemba. Pomaliza, chikhumbo chidapangidwa atamaliza maphunziro. Gawo loyamba la zaluso ndi cholembera mu ndakatulo ya nyuzipepala yakwanuko "Memory of Villa Rogers" mu 1936. Ray adalemba nkhani zazing'ono, kutengera mawonekedwe a Edgar. A Henry Cattler, wolemba nthano wa American Science adatsutsidwa komanso mlangizi wa wolemba wachichepere.
Ali ndi zaka 17, Bradbury adalowa mwa anthu aku America a ku America - Los Angeles "League of Sayansi Yopanda". Nkhani zinayamba kutuluka zotchinga zopeka. Kalembedwe kalemba kalembedwe kazinthu za bradbury. Kuyambira pa 1939 kwa zaka ziwiri, zipinda 4 zakuthambo za Fungonst. Podzafika mu 1942, wolemba adasinthiratu mabuku. Pakadali pano, adalemba nkhani makumi asanu pachaka.
Ngakhale ndalama zochepa, Bradbury sanasiye luso. Mu 1947, kuwalako kunawona mndandanda woyamba wa nkhani ya wolemba "wakuda". Zosungazo zimaphatikizapo ntchito ya 1943-1947. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, otchulidwa adawoneka: Amalume a Anar (prototype - Los Angeles a Cy) ndi "mlendo" wa Csisi. Kusonkhanitsa kumayikidwa pagulu.
M'chilimwe cha 1949, Ray Bradbury adafika pa basi kupita ku New York. Kukhazikika mu hostel ya American Association of Alemps akhristu. Nkhani zonenedwa za ofalitsa 12, koma palibe amene adachita chidwi. Mwamwayi, Don Congdon, Agerrary Agedbury, omwe amafalitsidwa aushuy. Wofalitsa nthawi imeneyo anali kukonzekeretsa zopeka za sayansi. Bradbury anali ndi chidwi ndi wofalitsa Walter Bradbury (banja limodzi). Walter adagwirizana kuti asindikize Bradbury, adaperekanso kuti nkhaniyi zimaphatikizidwa mu buku.
Kwausiku, Ray adafotokozanso nkhani yonse yamtsogolo yomwe ili m'thupi la nkhaniyo ndikuwapatsanso wofalitsa - unali unyolo wazinthu zoyambirira za Mars, zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kukagwira ntchito imodzi. Mu Mbiri ya Martian, Bradbury sanafananenso pakati pa chitukuko cha ngwazi za ku Mars ndi kubwera kwa atsamunda kutchire kumadzulo. Kuphimbidwa kwachiroma kunaonetsa zolakwa ndi kupanda ungwiro kwa anthu. Bukulo linasintha lingaliro la zopeka za sayansi. Bradbury adaganizira za Mbiri ya Martian ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri.
Dziko la Dziko Bradbury limakwaniritsidwa ndi kutuluka mu 1953 buku la "451 digiriri Fahrenheit". Bukuli lidakhazikitsidwa ndi nkhani ziwiri: "Ozimitsa moto" (osafalitsidwa) ndi "oyenda". Buku lanyumba lidatuluka m'magazini ya magazini ya "Plasboy", yomwe idayamba kutchuka.
Mu epigraph, mabuku akuti madigiri 451 Fahrenheit - kutentha kwa pepala. Chiwembu cha Roma chimafotokoza za anthu ogwiritsa ntchito. Wolemba adawonetsa gulu lomwe limapereka mwayi wa zinthu zomwe zili mu chaputala. Mabuku, kukakamiza owerenga kuganiza, kumenyedwa pamodzi ndi nyumba za mabuku oletsedwa. Ngwazi yayikulu ya mkulu wa mkulu wa Moren Mont, omwe amatenga nawo gawo poyaka mabuku, amakhulupirira kuti zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zizichita zoyenera. Guy amakumana ndi mtsikana wazaka 17 wa Clalissa. Odziwa amasinthana pamwambo wa anthu adziko lapansi.
Roman yayamba kufufuza. Nyumba Yosindikiza Yofalitsa "Mabuku a Bellantine" Masukulu sekondale adafansonso ndipo adasandutsidwa zidutswa 70 kuchokera ku bukulo. Mu 1980, wolemba amafuna kuti afotokozere zatsopano popanda kufotokozera.
Mu USSR, buku, ndemanga zoyipa m'mabuku ofotokoza za m'ma 1956. Kanemayo "451 Dehrenheit" mu 1966 unachotsedwa ndi mkulu wa France Dencoli. Mu 1984, "chizindikiro cha Salamandra" chimatulutsidwa pazifukwa za bukuli.
Mu 1957, anali ndi buku la "vinyo pa dandelions". Nkhaniyi Bradbury siyifanana ndi ntchito yonseyi. Mmenemo, zokumana nazo za ana za wolemba zimakhudzidwa. Chiwembu chimafotokoza za nyengo yachilimwe ya 1928 Abale Tom ndi Douglas adawononga, amakhala m'tawuni yaying'ono ya tawuni yobiriwira. Ray ndi prototype ya zaka 12 zakubadwa.
Bradbury amafuna kupanga ntchito yofala kwambiri. Wofalitsa Walter Bradbury anaumirira pa nkhani ziwiri. Gawo lachiwiri, lotchedwa Wolemba "Chilimwe, Zabwino!", Ndidawona Kuwunika kwa zaka zana, mu 2006.
Buku lina, kulumikiza ray bradbury ndi ubwana, "kuchokera kufumbi la opandukawo." Ili ndi nkhani yokhudza banja lachilendo la Elliot, lomwe zolengedwa zosangalatsa zimakhala mnyumba. Bukuli limaphatikizapo nkhani za "Msonkhano wabanja", "ap a April Scrant", Ndili ndi mwana wamwamuna wazaka khumi, pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake pafupi ndi pafupi, adabwera kwa sheuwe. Anasonkhanitsa zimayambira ndi dzungu. Akalewo adavala wamatsenga wakumwa ndikubisala pansi pa masitepe a nyumba ya agogo awo kuti awopseze mdima wa alendowo. Matchuthi amadutsa mumtsinje. Wolemba amatcha zokumbukira zotsika mtengo kwambiri za mlengalenga.
Kutolera "mankhwala ochokera melation moyenerera" adamasulidwa mu 1960. Idasindikiza nkhani za nthawi ya 1948-1959. Nkhani za Nkhani: "Tsiku Lokhala" (1957), "Chinjoka" (1955), "Usiku woyamba wa Ice Cream" (1956), "Nthaka" (1959) ndi ena. Kusonkhanitsa kumadzipereka kwa psychology, mtundu wa umunthu.
Wolemba anatsutsa anthu omwe amakono amakono moyo wake wonse, akuwaganizira ogwiritsa ntchito. Bradbury amakhulupirira kuti padziko lapansi palibe chisamaliro chokwanira pa sayansi, kukula kwa makampani a dispo. Anthu adasiya kulota za nyenyezi, amangokonda zinthu. Bradbury imagwira ntchito mokhwima ku umunthu kuti musasunge mtsogolo. Nkhani yomveka bwino ndi nkhani ya "kumwetulira", zomwe zikuchitika posachedwa. Anthu owonongeka, adawotcha mabuku onse. Zosangalatsa zazikulu ndi kuwonongedwa pagulu kwa zinthu zomwe zatsala. Pa lalikulu ndiye njira yotembenukira kwa iwo amene akufuna kulavulira m'chithunzichi "Mona Lisa".
Nkhani yojambulidwa kwambiri ya bradbury - "ndi bingu". Nkhani yopeka yasayansi yasayansi yakhazikitsidwa ndi "chiphunzitso cha Chaos", chomwe chimatchedwa "Mphamvu Gulugufe". Iyi ndi ntchito yofanana ndi kufanana kwa chilengedwe padziko lapansi. Nkhani ya nkhaniyi ili pamtima pa mafilimu ndi ma TV "ndi Bingu", Mphamvu Gulugufe "," zaka 16 zapitazo ".
Kuchita luso la wolemba sikunalumikizidwe ndi sinema ndi zisudzo. Bradbury adalemba zochitika, otchuka kwambiri omwe ali "moby Dick". Wolemba komanso zochitika zingapo za pa TV kuchokera ku "zisudzo za ray bradbury", zomwe zidafalitsidwa kuyambira 1985 mpaka 1992.
Moyo Wanu
Thandizo lothandiza kwa mkazi wa wolemba novace. Mkazi wa Wogulitsa wa Bookle of Margaret Muclire adakhala mkazi wa ray Bradbury pa Seputemba 27, 1947. Zopindulitsa kuchokera pa nkhani sizinabweretse ndalama zazikulu, choncho kumayambiriro kwa moyo wabanja, wophunzila wamkulu ndi mkazi.
Ukwatiwu unali wokondwa ndipo wafika ku imfa ya Maggie, monga wolemba Laskovo wotchedwa mkazi wake wokondedwa, mu 2003. Zinali kwa iye wolemba yemwe adadzipereka ku Neves "Martian Mbiri", polemba kuti: "Mkazi wanga Margaret ndi chikondi chenicheni."
Ray Bradbury ndi mnzake anali ndi ana anayi - mwana wamkazi Beattin, Ramon, Susan ndi Alexander.
Imfa
Ray Bradbury anali ndi zaka 91. Moyo unali wolemera movutikira. M'mawa uliwonse, ndili ndiukalamba, wolemba adayamba pa desiki. Amakhulupirira kuti zaluso zimapitirira moyo wake. Nkhani za m'Baibuloli zidachitikanso asanamwalire. Buku lotsiriza linatulutsidwa mu 2006.
Bradbury anali ndi nthabwala zodabwitsa. Mwanjira ina kwa zaka za Bradbury adayankha:
"Ingoganizirani mitu yonse m'manyuzipepala onse -" Bradbury adatembenukira zaka zana! Ndidzandipatsa mphotho yamtundu wankhani: Kungoti sindinafe. "Ali ndi zaka 79, wolemba anali ndi sitiroko. Adakhala moyo wake wonse pa njinga ya olumala. Bradbury anamwalira pa June 5, 2012 ku Los Angeles. Nyumba ya olemba banja idawonongedwa mu 2015.
Kuunikira kwa Kupenda ndi Mphotho
Ray Bradbury adalandira ndalama m'munda wodabwitsa kwambiri "Jodta" ndi "Benjamin Franklin". Anapereka mphotho ya American Academy, yemwe amasankhidwa mu "holo yaulemelero" kamphosi ya promey (1984). Pa sayansi ya sayansi, mendulo ya National Pager of Art (2004) ndi dzina la "Mbuye Wamkulu". Ray Bradbury - Laureate of Purzetzer Mphotho Yakuya (2007) ndi mtengo wa bramu woyenda "pamoyo wonse."
Dzinalo la Ray Bradbury ndi asteroid. NASA Space Lab adaganiza zodziwitsa dzina la wolemba woyamba, yemwe adabweretsa moyo pa Ars Chidwi chobzala pulaneti. "Uni Lakudziko Lonse Lakukumbukira" Okutobala 15, 2015 anavomereza dzina la "Bradbury" pa Mars.
Pa Hollywood "Alleck of Ulemelero" pali nyenyezi ya Ray Bradbury.
Mabuku
- "Mbiri ya Martian"
- "451 Madigiri Fahrenheit"
- "Vinyo kuchokera ku Dandelions"
- "Mavuto Akubwera"
- "Imfa Ndi Chinthu Chosungulumwa"
- "Manda a misala"
- "Mithunzi yobiriwira, chinsomba choyera"
- "Kwina kwina kasewera"
- "Leviafan-99"