Chiphunzitso
Wokwera kwambiriwo, wopweteka kwambiri moyo wa Moscow ndi Russia onse amadziwika ndi mwambi wa ku Russia. Kuchoka mudzi wophweka usiku wonse unayamba kukonda kwambiri mfumu, komanso kutaya mwamphamvu Misa. Dzina la kholo lalumikizidwa ndi chochitika m'mbiri - kugawanika kwa tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox.
Ku Nizhny Novgorod lapansi, m'mudzi wa Veldemanovo, pa Meyi 17, 1605, chochitika chosangalatsa chinachitika m'mabanja osavuta: Mnyamata adabadwa, yemwe amatchedwa Nikita paubatizo. Kuchokera pa mbiri ya makolo amtsogolo, Russia yonse imadziwika ndi yaying'ono: bambo wa mwana wawo wamwamuna anali wa Mariz, ndipo amayi ake anamwalira pobereka.
Nikita adaleredwa munthawi zambiri, abambo ake nthawi zambiri amakhala kunyumba, motero mwana adatsalabe m'manja mwa opeza. Mwa njira, mkazi wachiwiri wa mines anali wopanda mphamvu komanso wopanda nkhanza: mkazi amadana ndi wocheperako ndikumenya mnyamatayo pang'ono, nthawi zina amapha Nikita wa Nyanja ya Nikata ndi kuphedwa kwa Nyanja. Tate wa banja, yemwe anakhumudwa ndi kusanduka kwa mkazi wachiwiriyo mogwirizana ndi mwana wake wamwamuna, kuti abwerere kwawo nthawi zambiri kumenya mnzake mkazi wake. Komabe, zinali bwino mwayi wopita kukalowa pakhomo la nyumbayo, kuchititsa manyazi kwa mwana wamng'ono kunapitirirabe.
Nikita adakumana ndi malingaliro akulu a mayi oterowo, kupeza zotonthoza mu Malemba, komanso mnyamatayo akukonda chikondi cha agogo. Msonkhano wamtsogolo wa mpingo unali mwana waluso, yemwe m'malo mwa masewerawa amlengalenga mwatsopano ndi anyamata omwe amakonda diploma.
Orthodoxy
Kuchoka kwa banja la Peasauntaule kunali ndi zaka 12, mnyamatayo adapita ku Zhovenyodsky Makariyev Makariyev Horntery Wartete, yemwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa Vuto, komwe adakhala mpaka 1624. Koma pokakamira achibale omwe anakola mnyamatayo mwachinyengo, Nikota amakakamizidwa kuti abwerere kwawo kupita kumudzi kwawo, komwe anamwalira ndi agogo ake okondedwa ndi abambo ake okondedwa.
Ku Veldemanovo Nikon akuvala ndikutenga San Ierie. Poyamba, wansembe amakhala ndi miyambo yampingo m'mudzi wapafupi wa Lyskovo, koma nditangomaliza ntchito, popeza amalonda aku Melropolitan adaphunzira za mapangidwe a Selyanin. Munali likulu la Russia lomwe limatha za tsogolo la tchalitchi cha Orthodox zidzachitika.
Moyo wa Banja Nikita ndi okwatirana nawo ndiwovuta kutcha achimwemwe: Awiriwo adalephera kuyambitsa mbadwa, popeza ana owerenga adamwaliranso ndi m'badwo wa ana. Wansembeyo anazindikira kuti anataya kwambiri ngati chizindikiro chokwanira, kutanthauza kuchotsedwa kwa moyo wadziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake, mu 1635, aiea adatsimikizira wokwatirana kuti akhale nyumba ya a Aleksevskykykykykykykykykykykyky.
Kusiya ndalama zokhutira ndi mkazi wake, Nikita wazaka makumi atatu amatenga kachilombo ka Honon, ndikukhala Nikon: Aboin a Skebon yekha adachita mwambowu. Kutengera ndi chipembedzo cha Orthodox, munthu amene adalandira zikondwerero kwa amonke omwe adamwalira kwa moyo wakale wachilengedwe ndipo amatenga dzina lina, kupeza chiyambi chatsopano cha uzimu.
Nikon adawonongeka kuchokera ku moyo ndi bustic ya nikon amayang'ana moyo wambiri, wopanda kutopa, amawerenga mabuku opatulikawa ndikupemphera, kupereka chifuniro ndi moyo wake ku kupembedza Mulungu. Moyo womwe m'mabande, womwe uli m'matabwa a nyanja yozungulira, anali okhwima, amafunsawo anayenera kuwerenga zolemba pamanja za m'Baibulo usiku, osati kusamba ndi maso otopa. Chakudya chokhazikitsidwa ndi amonke sichimasiyanasiyana: Kuzindikira kwake kunali kothandizidwa ndi malo osungira zipatso ndi zipatso, ndi ufa kuti boma litaperekedwa nsembe.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yopembedza ndi kuwerenga, Nikon amakhala novice wolamulira wa Aberergy, omwe mtsogolo amapatsa minion yosonyeza miniti yodabwitsa, ndi bungwe la Nikoon limadaliridwa.
Koma mu 1639, avon Nikon ndi Alen Elearar anali ndi kusamvana pankhani yomanga mpingo watsopano, chifukwa chake, kholo lamtsogolo Moscow, yemwe sanapeze thandizo la abale, lidzatha kuthawa ku malowa omwe adatumikirako nthawi yayitali.
Nditangoyendayenda, nuikon apeza zotola m'chikopa amochi, ndipo atamwalira kwa kachisi wakhala igimen.
Mu 1646, m'busayo amabwerera ku likulu la Russia kuti akatenge zopereka za amonke komanso molingana ndi mwambo wa miyambo yakale imabwera ndi kugwada kwa olamulira Alexedovich.
Nikoni anakantha mfumu yamaphunziro ndi zolankhula zaluso. Mwa njira, Alexey Mikhailovich adayenda modzipereka kwambiri ndipo chipembedzo cha Orthodox ndipo mpingo umadzichepetse.
Pambuyo polumikizana ndi wansembe, kalonga anazindikira kuti akufuna kumuwona munthuyu ku Moscow, kotero igiman anamasuliridwa likulu. Malingaliro ena sanakonde makonzedwe a mfumu kwa mkulu wosavuta, koma, komabe, ndikuchoka pabanja lanyanja kukhala malo osungirako a Orvosostey Orthodox.
Pokhala mu ntchito, Nikon amakhala membala wa "nsanje yopembedza", yomwe idapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 17.
Pambuyo pake, mu 1649, minin imakhala metropolitan ya davgorod diocese ndipo mwakhama ndi ntchito mwapadera amagwiritsa ntchito maudindo, kupanga misonkhano ya malamulo okhazikika.
Mu 1650, okwera otchuka a anjala anafalikira ku veliky Novgorod, chifukwa cha kusakhutira kwa nzika kunali kukwera kwamitengo. Ophunzirawo panali anthu a makalasi osiyanasiyana, kuchokera kwa owombera, kwa osauka ndi amisiri: Anthu a ku Russia adatsutsa mkhalidwe wa Wolamulira. Koma chifukwa cha malo osakhazikika a Naikolitan Nikoli, yemwe adateteza zofuna za Alexei Mikhailovich ndi anzawo, The Novgorod Brank adakhumudwa.
Atsogoleri a chipolopolo anali kuyembekezera chiweruzo cha imfa, chomwe pambuyo pake chinasintha kukhala chomenyera chikwapu. Kutaika chilango kunachitika chifukwa cha mzinda wa mzinda, womwe sunakhale wopanda chidwi ndi anthu adziko lapansi: Nikoni adapita kundende ndikumvetsera kwa anthu omwe ali ndi anthu ambiri, chifukwa nzika zina zimapeza zolimbikitsa za Osambitsani metropolitan.
Kholo lakale
Nikon adakhala wolandila chiyero chake chiyero, yemwe adamwalira pa Epulo 25, 1652 mpaka Lachinayi lalikulu. The achipembedzo ankafuna mpingo San mabishopu, kupereka adayambitsa gulu la "jeques" Stefan, koma iye anakana kuti asankhe candidacy wake, chifukwa iye sakanakhoza kupirira mpikisano Pet mfumu.
Kwa boma la Russia m'zaka za zana la 17, mutu wa Prishopu Wopereka wansembe: kholo la Russia lonse: kholo la Russia lonse likhoza kuthetsa mavuto andale pa zolakwa, komanso kuletsa zigawenga ndikulanga anthu amene adaphwanya malamulo auzimu. M'malo mwake, Alexey Mikhailovich adapanga Nikon mnzake.
Pomanga helamu ku Patriaryryky San Nikon, Alexey Mikhailovich adalonjeza kuti ngakhale pazinthu zilizonse za tchalitchi zisasokoneze zochitika za tchalitchi.
Kusintha ndi kugawanitsa mpingo
Minin adakhalabe ndi anthu omwe amakonda kwambiri ndipo adasonkhezera zaka zandale
Ntchito Kusintha kwa A Moscow ndi Russia Nikon adasiya njira ya ku Russia Orthodox mu 1650-1660.
Chifukwa chomwe adagawika chidayamba kuwonekera kuyambira nthawi yopanga "nsanje yopita". Ophunzira m'gulu lachipembedzo adakambirana za mgwirizano wa atsogoleri achipembedzo ndipo amafunikira kuwerenga Malemba ndi kuchititsa miyambo. Pano ponena za kukhazikitsidwa koyambirira koyambirira kwa gulu loyambirira pasonkhana komweko kunali anthu osagwirizana: Wina anali kudzipereka ku chikhalidwe cha Byzantine, pomwe ena akadalilana pa zolemba pamanja za ku Russia.
Pofika pakubwera kwa migodi ya kholo lakale, kuzungulira kwa achinyamata kunagwa, koma okhulupirira a Nadon sanasangalatse Natician Kukonzanso kwa kholo la kholo. Nikon adabweretsa malamulo atsopano a litorgical mu 1653, omwe adayambitsa kugawanika pakati pa kholo ndi okhulupirira akale.
Kusintha kwa Nikon kunali motere:
- Mabuku a Tchalitchi adasindikizidwa ndikumasuliridwa malinga ndi matoni achi Greek
- Chizindikiro cha njira ziwiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa limodzi ndi ubatizo wa Russia unasinthidwa ndi cholinga chimodzi. Kwa otsatira "okalamba okalamba", zala ziwiri zimatanthawuza ziwiri za Khristu wogwirizana, ndipo atatu oimira utatu Woyera. Chifukwa chake, zingaoneke, kusintha pang'ono potumikila kunali kofunikira kwa anthu opembedza.
- Anasintha kulemba dzina la Khristu: izis adakhala Yesu
- Mauta adziko lapansi adasandulika ndi maudzu
- Mawu oti "Aliluya" adayamba kutchula katatu m'malo awiri, etc.
Okhulupirira akale sanasangalale osati ndi malamulo atsopano ampingo, komanso ndi njira zolimba zomwe zimatsogozedwa ndi kholo lakale lakale, mwachitsanzo, mwachitsanzo, okonda zala ziwiri adawululidwa kale ndipo adasiyanitsidwa ndi Anathema. Wotsutsa woyamba yemwe adayang'anira kutsutsidwa kwa kusintha kwatsopano kunali kotsatira "avvatum avvayum.
Alexey Mikhailovich adalemekezedwa Nikon ndipo adapereka dianina mutu wa "Veliky Soviet" (abambo Mikharovich Fwalor Thallarovich adagwiritsidwa ntchito Nikoron Tiulu Chifukwa chotsutsana ndi mgwirizano pakati pa tchalitchi chidakhazikitsidwa mu 1649. Malamulo a boma a boma adachepetsa mtundu wa Tchalitchi cha Orthodox ndikupangitsa kuti lizidalira boma.
Komanso, kammasi amene sanakonde njira ya Nikon kupita kwa mfumu, adakwapula kholo laukadaulo, ndipo zotsatira zake sizinadzipangitse kudikirira: miseche muzu zidasintha malingaliro a Alexelovich kupita ku minin. Chifukwa cha zochitika zomwe zidakulunga m'busa, Nikon amakakamizidwa kusagwirizana kuti asiye Moscow.
Mu 1666, khothi la tchalitchi chakomweko cha tchalitchi cha ku Russia adaganiza zosiyira Nikon kuchokera ku Patriaryryykky Sama ndikumuwonetsa kuchokera unsembe wa "ndege zotsutsa".
Moyo Wanu
Pa nthawi yonse ya anthu a kholo lakale nikon anali wophunzirira komanso wowerenga bwino yemwe samangodziwa chidziwitso chokwanira cha Malemba Oyera, komanso nzeru za tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikosavuta kuweruza Nikon, monga okhulupirira akale ndi ochirikiza kusintha kwatsopano kwa munthuyu m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ena m'moyo walembedwa kuti Nikon ndiye chithunzi cha Orthodox kwambiri, chomwe kusintha kwake kumapita kukapindula; Ena amakhulupirira kuti minin ndi munthu wamphamvu komanso wadyera komanso wankhanza yemwe anali wokonzeka kupita ku chilichonse kuti akapeze komwe kuli mfumu.
Oweruza aja atachotsa Nikon kuchokera ku OSA, bolodilo adatsogolera chipapuno cha "milandu" yonse ya kholo, ndipo ndi zomwe zinali mu zolemba pamanja:
"Nikon popanda kumverera kwa bishopu wake ku Pavel Kolomna Sawa, Ferefee," chifukwa cha zilonda komanso kuti Paulo adasokonezeka, kapena adasokonezeka ndi Nyama, kapena kugwa mumtsinje ndikufa. "Komabe, palibe olemba mbiri omwe anganene kudalirika kwa nkhaniyi.
Imfa
Zochitika ku Cyril-Belongerky amonke, komwe maziko ankhanza adakula, Nikon adathetsa thanzi lake.
New Russian Tsar Fedor Alekseevich adamverana ndi chidwi cha mpingo, adalola kuti kholo la mpingo, linalola kuti kholo lakale libwerere ku ukapolo wa akuukiriro. Monk yodwala kwambiri sanachite maluso apatali ndipo anamwalira pa Yaroslavl dziko lapansi pa Ogasiti 17, 1681.