Chiphunzitso
Mayakovsky mu ndakatuloyo adati:"Idyani zowala, malawi anu abwera, Bourgeto."Lingaliro lalikulu lofanana ndi proleletiatiat pa evatiet malo a Soviet adapangidwa ndi chiwonetsero cha ntchito yodziwika ndi ntchito yodziwika ya dziko la Germany - Friverich Marx. Lolani kuti ziphunzitso zawo ndi utope, monga zikuwonetsera zachilendo za USSR, koma anthu awa adasiya chizindikirocho m'mbiri, nzeru ndi zachuma.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Woyambitsa Marxim anabadwa mwana woyamba kubadwa (ana 9 anakulira mnyumbamo) pa tawuni ya Bartender, yemwe lero ndi chigawo cha mzinda wa wuteryal (ku Sotiry). Chidzi cham'tsogolo chamtsogolo chikakwezedwa m'banja la wopanga thonje la nsalu ya thonje, lomwe linachokera mtsanzi labwino lomwe limakhazikitsidwa mu mzinda wa Bergish-Beartbact Mawonedwe pa Moyo.
Amayi a Emplictory Elizabeti Elizals (Haar) adatuluka ku chilengedwe cha akatswiri azamalamulo, chinali chovuta chachikazi, chowala, ophunzira ndi aluso. Pa mwana wake wamwamuna wamkulu, Elizabeti anali ndi zotsatirapo zabwino kwambiri. Engels-SR. Anali wokhulupirira, monga makolo ake, anali atatsamira ku Chietiscis, omwe adachokera ku ziphunzitso za Ulaliki. Okhulupirira sanali ochirikiza mabungwe a Chilutera, koma amalimbikitsa kucheza ndi Mulungu komanso kupembedza payekha. Friedrich Jr., adakula m'khalidwe wachipembedzo, adapereka chivomerezo cha Chipulotesitanti omwe adalamulira m'nyumba.
Koma ma Engel adayamba kukalamba, adayamba kukana chikhulupiriro m'njira zonse kwa milungu: zolakalaka zina mwa zikhalidwe: zikhalidwe zinapita patsogolo chaka chilichonse. Zonsezi zidayamba pambuyo pa mnyamatayo atakumana ndi zolengedwa za David Strauss - wowongolera komanso wam'kati. Atawerenga ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri "Moyo wa Yesu", Engelo anayamba kukayikira lingaliro la chikhulupiriro chaumwini. M'tsogolomu, "kuda nkhawa" kunakhala chopunthwitsa pakati pa Atate ndi Mwana.
Ndondomeko yamtsogolo imakhala ndi ubale wabwino ndi agogo a urrnard Rernard Rernard Harnard Haar Haar, katswiri waza kambuku wa maphunziro, omwe nthawi ina anali malo osungirako malo osungirako anthu. Gerhard adayambitsa mdzukulu ndi dziko lonse lowala ndi zosiyanasiyana, makamaka ndi epic wakale wachi Greek. Mnyamatayo anali wakhanda "Ilia" Homer, komwe kunali wolimba mtima kumenyedwa ndi dzanja lake ndi mtima wa Elena. Wachichepere wachichepere ankakondwera ndi nkhondo yokhudza nkhondo ya anthu ankhanza ku Trojan, pomwe ngwazi zachikale zimatenga nawo mbali, sikumenya moyo, koma kufa.
Engel adayamba kupita ku bungwe lonse la maphunziro ku Bartender Bartender, komwe chimanga chipolibook mu sayansi ya sayansi ya sayansi ndi ma chemistry, komanso adawonetsa luso lake kuphunzira zilankhulo. Pambuyo pake, Friedrich adakhala wophunzira wa masewera olimbitsa thupi wamkulu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi. M'dzinja la 1837, mnyamatayo adakakamizidwa kusiya benchi pakulimbikika kwa abambo ake, omwe amafuna kuti mbadwa ikoke kupita kumapazi ake ndikumangiriza moyo ndi bizinesi ya mabanja.
Friverich adalota kupeza maphunziro a Trive aku University, koma sakanakhoza kusamvera zofuna za kholo lake, motero adayamba kugwira ntchito yopanga earses, osachita chiwerewere, osachita chiwerewere. Ngati mnyamatayo anali ndi kusankha pakati pa bizinesi ndi kulemba, ndiye kuti, ndiye kuti amakonda zomaliza. Friedrich Jr. Kulota za mabuku ndi ndakatulo, mwina Engels kukadakhala kuti Seethe kapena Schiller, koma tsoka linathetsa kusintha kwake. Ngakhale mu malembawo 18388, anayamba kukhala woyamba kubadwa wotchedwa "mabedi".
Mu Ogasiti 1838, Friedrich, osapumira mutu wa banjali, anapitiliza kuphunzira pantchito yogwira ntchito mumzinda wa Ankapita ku Mermer, yemwe kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Germany. Monga wophunzira, a Engelo adapeza ndalama zochepa, kugwira ntchito yofananira: Mnyamata adalemba zolemba zothandizira mafakitale a Stuttgart m'mawa komanso "motero osdald Oswald. Fridrich sanafune kuti owerenga adziwe kuti anali kuchoka kwa banja la capitalist.
Omasuka kuphunzira ndi kugwirira ntchito nthawi yomwe akufuna kuti apindule ndi zopindulitsa: Adawerenga mabuku akale, adayesera kuweta, ndakatulo zolembedwa ndipo zidalemba nkhani zodziwika bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Engelo anali wokonda masewera achangu: adakwera posambira komanso akavalo. Mchereyo adatengedwa ndi ntchito za woyang'anira zachikhristu ndi Sophiology wa Yakobo Beme, koma izi zidalibe kanthawi kochepa.
Kupitilira apo, zomwe amakonda kwambiri zidakhala wophunzitsa komanso mlaliki wa Schleiermaver, yemwe anali wopembedza zachilengedwe ndipo adatsutsa kutsata komwe kunayamba kumene kunachitika chipembedzo. Kenako Fridrich adayamba kuphunzira zolemba pamanja zomwe zidalembedwa ndi Filosophete yemwe adalamulidwa ndi Filosofi wa Hegel, yemwe amawonetsedwa pazinthu zomwe Mzimu wachita, komanso chipembedzo, mbiri yakale.
Mu 1841, a Engelo adafika pachibwenzi ndi kutumikira gulu lankhondo ku Berlin, komwe adadzakhala wolemba mu bungwe la maluso. Frederick sanangogwira ntchito yankhondo, komanso amapita ku yunivesite ya likulu, komwe adapita ndi zodzikongoletsera pa filosophy kuti ndi lolumikizani, komanso adagwirizana ndi Angeleation a George, koma sanatenge ilo. Friedrich anali golide wagolide pakati kumanzere kumanzere kumanja, chifukwa iye anafuna kumenyedwa ku zipolopolo.
Marxism
Nawonso kudziwa za Marx zinachitika mu 1842. Anthu awiri anzeru amakumana ku Cologne, muofesi ya Ordiol of the Rine. Poyamba, Fridrich sanamvere chisoni kuchokera ku Marx, chifukwa afilosofi amene adawona akutsatira iwe Warbergos, yemwe ndimatsutsana naye. Kupitilira apo, Engels Road adatsatiridwa ku Manchester, komwe adaphunzira Thezam wa bungwe la kholo. Mu mzinda waukulu kwambiri waku North-West England, Marxist wamtsogolo adakhala pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. M'madera okongola a United Kingdom, Engelo anakumana ndi moyo komanso moyo wa anthu wamba ogwira ntchito, ndipo izi zinasokoneza kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu 1843, wonyowa amalowa m'magulu a ku boma lachi Germany, lomwe adakumana naye ku London. Panthawiyo, Engelo anapitilizabe kutolankhani, akutumiza ntchito yake, kumene kukangana kwa chikomkomka kumawalira, kuphatikiza Buku Lapachaka la Germany, lomwe linafalitsidwa ndi Marx ku Paris ku Paris. Makalata adayamba pakati pa nsikidzi wamtsogolo, maubwenzi ochezeka komanso ochezeka adayamba kukula, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndikukambirana malingaliro wamba a pholosofi.
Mu 1845, a Engelo amabwerera kwawo ndipo amatengedwa chifukwa cholemba ntchito yasayansi "malo a kalasi ku England". Nthawi yomweyo, kusagwirizana kwa Friecerrich ndi bambo ake. Engels-SR. Mwamtherawa sanamvetsetse zochitika za Mwana. Wochita bizinesi wa manja ambiri sanagawane za malingaliro a malingaliro a mtundu wa proletaliatiat ndi Bourgeoiiciie, yemwe abale ake anali kukonda kwambiri. Frederick sanayambire kukana mawonetseredwe onse achipembedzo, komanso amabwereka ndi apolisi, omwe amawononga mbiri ya gawo lalikulu.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti bwenzi la Karl Marx sanazengereze kufotokoza malingaliro ake ndikukambirana chikominisi pagulu. Chifukwa chake, oyang'anira adakhazikitsa malamulo amadzimangirira pafupi ndi wokamba nkhani wachinyamata. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti Marx anayamba kuwerama, komabe, ndi lamulo la Chifalansa. Pamapeto pake, anthu onsewa adasamukira ku likulu laulere la Belgium Brussels. Kenako mu 1845, ogwira nawo ntchito adabwerera ku England, komwe m'zaka 2 adalandira tikiti "Union Fairiury", bungwe lamanzere.
Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Marx ndi Engels m'magulu awo, zozungulira izi kuti zizisinthidwa m'malo ndi dzinalo pa "mgwirizano wa Achikomyunizimu". Pambuyo pake, mayanjano adayambika atazengedwa mlandu wa khumi ndi m'modziyo ku Cologne. M'nyengo yozizira, chaka chimodzi adabwerera ku Brussels, komwe adatumiza ku chida cha chida chotchedwa "komiti yodziwika bwino yakompeni", yomwe idapangidwira kulumikizana kwa positi yantchito.
Kuyambira mu Novembala mpaka 1845, amuna achichepere akuyamba kugwira ntchito pamutu wa "Malingaliro aku Germany", omwe adasandulika chinsinsi cha Marx ndi Engelophy. Komabe, olembawo sanapeze wofalitsayo, motero buku lofunikalo lidasindikizidwa kokha mu 1932 ku Moscow Esact ndi Socioristed David Boorisovich Ryazanov. Ngakhale ozolowera kuti azindikire zigawo ndi mthunzi ndi njira yachiwiri ya Karl Marx, Friederich adapereka mgwirizano wofunikira malinga ndi momwe mbiri yakale imakhalira. Lenin adati:
"Sizotheka kumvetsetsa Marxism ndipo ndizosatheka kuti tisalitse, osakhulupirira ndi zolemba zonse za Enth."Marx ndi Engelo adagawana chiphunzitso chonse cha Proletiariat, komanso adapindikanso kufunika kopanga chipani chosintha. Tiyenera kuganiza kuti paderalo, malingaliro akulu awa sangakwaniritse ulemerero. M'zaka zaposachedwa, Engelo adagwira ntchito yomenyera ufulu wa makalasi ogwirira ntchito, pantchito yake "Capitalism" wafilosofi, "wafilosofi wa zobisika. Mu "mawonekedwe a chipani cha chikomyunizimu", Engels ndi Marx adaganiza zotsutsa za antistrist ngati njira yokhayo, ndikupsa malire pakati pa puritariariatiat ndi Bourgeoiiciie.
Moyo Wanu
Dererick Engels anali wanzeru kwambiri komanso wanzeru kwambiri. Filosofi + anali ndi zinenero zisanu ndi zitatu: Amatha kufotokoza ku Russia, Chipwitikizi, Irishi ndi zilankhulo zina. Kusintha kumeneku komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri kwa anzathu a London omwe adachitidwa tsiku la Sabata. Misonkhano yochezekayi nthawi zambiri imatha maola awiri kapena atatu usiku.
Tsiku lina Jenny nthawi yayitali (mwana wamkazi wa Karl Marx) Dala Friedrich Dzazani Funso lodziwika - Funa mafunso amenewa anasangalala kwambiri pakati pa atsikana kusukulu. Engel adayankha mafunso angapo. Chifukwa chake, wolemba nkhani adazindikira kuti wokonda zamaphunziro azamulungu amachititsa kuti arles a Charles Scorden, koma werengani Shakespeare, goethe ndi kuchepera. Mwa anthu, wafilosofiyu amakonda mawonekedwe osangalatsa, omwe amadana ndi chinyengo komanso mayi wodzikuza. Amadziwikanso kuti munthu wapagulu anali wa chilichonse m'moyo wamoyo mosavuta, koma, monga imfa iliyonse, amawopa madokotala mano. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zina, Engels okonda Chateau a Margo 1848 Stall, Irish Steaw Yakudya zamadzulo ndi nkhandwe yosaka.
Ponena za maubale achikondi, wamkulu wa Mary ndi mlongo wake wa Lizzy Burzy Roudrich adakumana pafupifupi 1843. Engels sanakonde kuchitira moyo wake pagulu, motero za tsoka la wokondedwa wake ndi chowopsa. Zimadziwika kuti Mariya anali mwana wamkazi wa utoto m'mafakitale ojambula nawo ndikusiyanitsa malingaliro a Social Conycle. Komanso, ndi mphekesera, Mariya sanataye zakumwa zotentha, pambuyo pake chilakalaka chake cha mowa chinasanduka uchidawa.
Asayansi ena amagwirizana ndi mfundo yoti chizolowezi choyipa chinali chomwe chidayambitsa imfa yake yosayembekezeka. Mu 1863, maora ochepa asanatsutsidwe kwa Mary Friedrich, wotsutsa maukwati, adalembetsa ubale wake ndi akumwalira. A Engelo atamwalira, Enizelo anayamba maubwenzi ndi mlongo wake - Lidiya, wachichepere, komanso wanzeru yemwe amadziwika kuti lizzy. Mu 1878, Lizzy adadwala ndikuwuluka. Mkaziyo sanathe kuchira ndipo posakhalitsa adamwalira. Ngakhale kuti Engelo anali osakhulupirira kuti kuli Mulungu, amalemekeza malingaliro a mtima wachipembedzo cha wokondedwa wake, motero anayanjana naye pa iye atamwalira.
Imfa
Pa Ogasiti 5, 1895, kusintha kwakukulu kunafa. Choyambitsa imfa ndi khansa ya khungu. Thupi la wafilosofi likhala. UNRSE ndi fumbi lidatsitsidwa kunyanja m'mphepete mwa La Manako.Polemekeza Marx ndi Engels, misewu imatchulidwa m'mizinda ina ya Russia, komanso zipilala. Mu 1985, boma la boma la Soviet Union linatulutsa ndalama za chikondwerero chowonetsera Friedrich.
M'bali
- 1845 - "Udindo wa Gulu Logwira Ntchito ku England"
- 1848 - "Phwando Lachingerezi"
- 1878 - "Anti-Dühring"
- 1883 - "Ananiza Achilengedwe"
- 1884 - "Chiyambi cha Banja, Katundu Wapadera ndi Boma"
- 1886 - "Ludwig Feeyerbach ndi kutha kwa nzeru za ku Germany"