Chiphunzitso
Zarathistra - wansembe, mneneri ndi Revinen of Chipembedzo Chakale, chotchedwa Zoroastrianism. Ngakhale nkhani za mbiri ya Mneneriyo, nthano yake ndi kusanja kwakukulu pachibwenzi, ofufuza sakayikira zenizeni za Prostostorra.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Kutanthauzira kwa moyo wa mneneriyu, zomwe adabadwa kwake zidzasiyana, ndikuwongolera komwe adawonekera. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, Zarathra adabadwira ku Ern Iran, m'madera a matenya a tehran pakati pa VII ndi theka loyamba la zaka za zana la 6 BC. E .. Koma kusanthula kwa gat (gawo lalikulu la zolemba zopatulika za Zoroastrians) limatanthawuza nthawi yokonzanso ntchito ndi Xii-X zaka zambiri. Bc.
Otsatsa dziko lakale akuwonetsa kuti Zarathustra anakhala m'nthawi za Tsar Gistaspa, bolodi yomwe imagwera pa 522-486 BC. Er, koma dziko la mneneri limatchedwa osiyana: Perisiya, Indian, Aperemidia, Allin, Asuri. Malinga ndi chidziwitso china, zarathra - Akaltuthra - Phambulilice kapena Myuda kuchokera ku mtundu wa Samariya.
Maulamuliro a Al-Hamvi ndi al-al-Biruni. Ndipo Buku la Britain Boos, mtolankhani komanso wasayansi wofufuza komanso wofufuza za Zoroastrianria, ndikutsimikiza kuti wansembe adabadwira m'tauni ya Suntushta - tsopano dera la Chelsoninsk ku Russia.
Ngati mukhulupirira zipata (17 abodza a Mneneri amene adalembera Mulungu), Zarathra adachitika kuchokera kwa a ansembe akale. Makolo a mneneriyu - bambo wa Christiaspas ndi dugdov - adapanga ana asanu akuwala. Koma khanda Zaratholis anali wosiyana ndi abale: Wobadwa, sanalira, koma anaseka, ndikupha ziwanda zikwi ziwiri.
Malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha mwana wakhanda wakhanda, kutsukidwa ndi ng'ombe za mkodzo ndikutsukidwa pakhungu la nkhosa. Kupezeka kwa Zarathustra kumamuzungulira Iye, zodabwitsa zambiri zidadutsa. Asitikali amdima adafunkhidwa ndi mphamvu ya mnyamatayo, koma sanathe kumuwononga: mphamvu yaumulungu idayenera kuteteza mwana.
Mneneriyu ndi wa ku Iran wakale, wamba mwakuvutirapo, akuwonetsa "mwini wa ngamila yakale." Dzina la amayi - Dugdov (Daidai) - amatanthauzira ngati "" Chikondwerero Chaumulungu ". Komabe, kutanthauzira kochokera ku Greek kumapereka dzina lofanana: Zoroard amatanthauza "kuwala kwagolide" kapena "nyenyezi ya golide".
Kuyambira zaka 7 zaphasen kukalandaule. Chiphunzitso chinafalikira kudzera mu nkhani, kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Iranans sakanatha kulemba. Mnyamatayo adaphunzira miyambo ndi mantras (matsenga), omwe adasiya amuna anzeru a mibadwo yapitayo.
Pazaka 15 (zaka za kukhwima) Zarathustra adakhala wansembe, mantrananti - wopanga mantras ndi matchulidwe. Mnyamatayo anali ndi mphatso ya ndakatulo ndipo amalemba nyimbo ndi nkhondo.
Nchimi
Nthawi ya moyo wa Zarathustra imatchedwa nthawi yotsika mwamakhalidwe. Nkhondo yankhondo ndi nsembe zamagazi, amatsenga ndi amatsenga. Zipembedzo zoyambilira ku Iran - chipembedzo chambiri. Anthu amakhulupirira milungu yamoto (Agni), mphepo (kutsuka), nyanja (varn). Zarathustra adabweretsa chizolowezi chosintha kusintha, kulengeza za Aulura anzeru - AHURA-Mazda - chinthu chachikulu, kuti alembe tanthauzo la milungu ina.
Mwambo womwe umati zaka 20 Zaratata adakana zilakolako zadziko lapansi ndikukhala olungama. Zaka khumi anayendayenda posaka vumbulutso laumulungu ndipo pa 30, atalandira, adalowa pamasamba, monga zanenedwa m'makomo.
Pachikondwerero cha chikondwerero, Zarathra adapita kumtsinje m'mawa kuti ndikakonze madzi ofuna kukonzekera soma - kumwa, womwe udaphika kuchokera masamba a Epidrage (shrub). Chakumwacho chinapangitsa kuti chidziwike "kumwamba" kuposa anthu.
Tengani madzi oyera kuchokera pakati pa mtsinjewo ndikubwerera ku gombe, Zarathostra adawona cholengedwa. Masomphenyawo adabwera ndi tsogolo la Mneneriyo kwa iye ndipo linatsogolera ku ziwerengero zina zisanu ndi chimodzi zowunikira. Chifukwa cha kuunikako, komwe adakonzera, Zarathra sanawone mthunzi wake. Pakati pa milungu ya mneneriyo, yotchedwa Tsoka la Mneneriyo, chinthu chachikulu ndi Ahur Mazda, yemwe Zarapstra posachedwa adalengeza za Mlengi, yemwe adamtchula za utumiki.
Pambuyo pa msonkhano ndi Mulungu, Zarathstra amalalikira Israeli mapangano ake. Posakhalitsa, Zoroanrinasm idafalikira ku Afghanistan, Central Kazakhstan, ikukhudza zipembedzo Zadziko. Kuchita zachiphunzitso za mneneriyu ndikuti njira yopita kwa Mlengi wagona m'moyo wolungama ndi malingaliro asiyani, koma chipembedzo sichimakana miyambo ndi nsembe.
Kulalikira za Zarathra sikunakumane pakati pa anthu ankhanza omwe amvetsetsa: Nyimbozo (West Iran) zidakana chipembedzo chatsopanocho, kusunga Chakale. Pambuyo pochotsa zaka zopatulikitsa 10 zoyesedwa ndi mayeso akuluakulu. Mwa anthu amitima yabwino, anapeza Kum'mawa kwa dzikolo ndipo anali atalandira ndi wolamulira wa Arieyyana - boma lomwe linakhala gawo la Turkmenistan yamakono ndi Afghanistan.
Zolemba ndi Ma Sermons Zarathistra adakopa zikopa zowopsa 12,000, ndi buku lopatulikalo - lidayikidwa m'nyengo ya mfumu. Zarathustra anali ndi zida m'mapiri a Bukhara. Nyumba zoyera - phanga lozungulira - chokongoletsedwa ndi magulu ndi zifanizo za magulu a nyenyezi, ndipo chithunzi cha dzuwa ndi mapulaneti adawonekera padenga.
Zaptur amatchedwa mneneri woyamba, yemwe adanenanso za kupezeka kwa Paradiso ndi gehena, za chiukitsiro pambuyo pa imfa ndi Khothi Lomaliza. Omwe adakonzanso kuti apulumutse kuti kupulumutsa wochimwa kumadalira kwambiri zochitika, mawu ndi malingaliro, ndipo pa tsiku la Judy, munthu adzagawana nawo udindo wa dziko lapansi.
Ziphunzitso za Zarathistra za kulimbana kwa mphamvu zabwino ndi zoyipa zimafotokoza malembedwe a Baibulo komanso ziphunzitso za Plato. Mneneri atamwalira, otsatira ake anasamukira kumadzulo kwa Iran, ndikusandutsa mages a fuko la Zoroastria.
Moyo Wanu
Ali mwana, makolo amtsogolo a mneneriyu anapeza mwana wa mkwatibwi, koma Zarathostra anaonetsa ukwatiwo ndipo anakana akwatibwi. Cholinga chokana kukwatiwa ndi atsikanayo chimatcha kusafuna kwa mkwatibwi kuyang'ana m'maso - kukongola kunayatsa nkhope ndikuyang'ana kutali. Mnyamatayo anapita kukayendayenda.
Pambuyo pamsonkhano ndi Mlengi ndi mavumbulutso ake, mneneriyu adachita pangano ili, malinga ndi momwe munthu amakakamizidwa kusiya mbadwa pambuyo pake, apo ayi iye ndi wochimwa komanso wopanda nkhawa. Ana amapereka moyo wosafa kuuna ndi khothi lomaliza.
Zarathra adakwatirana kawiri (mu mtundu wina - katatu). Mkazi woyamba anali wamasiye. Akazi otere amatchedwa "antchito." Anatsogolera ana amuna awiri. Mwana woyamba kubadwa anakhalabereka ng'ombe, mwana wamwamuna wachiwiri - wankhondo.
Mkazi wachiwiri wa mneneriyo adakhala namwali - "wolamulira". Mkazi wachichepere adabereka ana aakazi ofesedwa ndi akazi atatu. Mwana uyu ndi Isaad-Wastra - adakhala wansembe wamkulu wa Zoroastriasism. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, ana anayi mlaliki adabereka akazi awiri "oweruza.
Malinga ndi chikhulupiliro chomwe chilipo, pambuyo pa kuuka kwa woyera ndi iye, mkazi "amakhala, chifukwa mkazi wamasiye atatsala pang'ono kukhala pafupi ndi mkaziyo woyamba.
Imfa
Wopha zaratustra adadzakhala munthu wotchedwa Mbale-Fit. Kuyesa koyamba kupha mneneriyu atavekedwa korona ndi kulephera: Kuwala kwa Mbale Ndi Othandizira - Matsenga Durashrorororomom - adabwera kudzawononga Woyera. Wophayo adayesa pambuyo pa zaka 77, kukhala wokalamba wogwidwa.Mlongoyo wowola uja anagwetsa m'nyumba ya mneneriyu atapemphera. Wophayo sanayerekeze kuyang'ana m'maso a Zarathistra ndikumupha ndi kutulutsa lupanga kumbuyo kwake. Nthawi yomweyo, ulendo wowola wa m'baleyo udamwalira.
Zarathistra adayang'anitsitsa imfa mwachangu ndikukonzekera masiku 40 apitawa, kukhala ndi nthawi yochera ndi mapemphero. Ofufuzawo sataya mtima womwe pambuyo pake mapemphero a Zarashra akhala miyambo yachipembedzo ya anthu ena masiku 40. Zipembedzo zambiri zimakhulupirira kuti mzimu wa womwalirayo udalili masiku 40 pambuyo pa imfa.
Kukumbuka
- Mu opera mozrart "
- Wolemba wa ku Germany, wafilosofi wa Friedrich Nietzsche ali ndi ntchito "analankhula zarathustra."
- Mu 1896, pansi pa chithunzi cha bukuli ndi Friethrich "NARethosche" Germany chorsord Richard Strauss adalemba ndakatulo ya Jurathony. "
- Buku lomwelo, malingana ndi Mtsogoleri wa gulu la Alice, konstantin kichethev, amadzipereka ku nyimboyo "ofiira pa zakuda".
- Pakusintha kwa Lensid Gaan I. Ilf ndi E. Petrova "mipando" yotayika yamoto, idatero pasha, yemwe akanagulitsa pampando: "Ine, ndikadangopita ku Zarathra sizikukupatsani. "