Mbiri Yodziwika
Hamayun ndi nthano chabe yomwe idachokera ndikufalikira mu Chikhalidwe cha Russia ku XVII-XIX zaka zambiri. Ili ndi mbalame yopanda miyendo ndi mapiko, zomwe zimawuluka pogwiritsa ntchito mchira, ndipo kugwa kwa thambo kumawayimiranso kufa kwa olamulira.Mu xix-XXI zaka zambiri, chithunzicho chidasinthidwa kudzera muukadaulo ndipo chidadziwika m'njira ziwiri: ngati mbalame yochokera paradiso, yomwe imayimira chisangalalo ndi chisangalalo, kapena ngati nthano chabe kuwonetsera. Maonekedwe a mbalame za ku Gayun ndi mawonekedwe a mbalame: Choyamba mawonekedwe "adachita" miyendo, kenako nkhope yachikazi idawonekera. Mu mawonekedwe awa, zikuwoneka chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha Viktor Vasthev.
Mbiri Yachikhalidwe cha Khalidwe
Chithunzi cha munthu mu slavic nthano zayamba pamaziko a Chiarabu ndi Iranidzi, komwe kunali malingaliro okhudzana ndi mbalame yamatsenga. Amakhala ngati Phoenix, omwe amawonetseratu anthu chisangalalo. Ngati Hunai akutsikira pa mthunzi winawake, munthu uyu adzakhala mfumu. Omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Persian Meast of "Khoman" pafupi ndi mawu oti "wachifumu", "wodala", wodala ".
Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro osiyanasiyana okhudza mbalame za paradiso anali ponseponse ku XVI-XVIIII zaka zambiri monga banja la Zological, omwe oimira omwe amakhala makamaka pachilumba cha New Guinea. Malinga ndi kufotokozera, zolengedwa izi akuti adayamba kubweretsa ku Europe ku Europe, komwe adadabwa kwambiri, monga momwe anthu sanathe kupeza mapiko ndi miyendo. Nkhani za Novogvanetset zidawonjezedwa ku chithunzi chomwe chakuti mbalame za paradaiso zimachokera kumwamba.
Pamaziko awa, malingaliro olakwika wamba omwe mbalame zakumwamba zimasunthira mlengalenga ndi mchira, ndikupuma, gwiritsitsani mchira kumbuyo kwa mitengo. Njinga iyi yothandizidwa ndi anthu omwe amathandizira mofunitsitsa, komanso akatswiriwa nthawi imeneyo sanatsutse malingaliro awa.
Kumapeto kwa zaka za XVIII, kenako, kuti miyendo ndi mapiko a mbalame za Paradiso adadulidwazo pomwe adazikhumudwitsidwa. Komabe, pofika nthawi imeneyo, nthanozo zasintha kale mapangidwe a chithunzi cha mbalame ya Gayun.
Gaanun mu nthano ndi nthano
Maganizo omwe Gamthong adalipo kale nthano za nthano, zolakwika, ngakhale zili ponseponse. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, chikhalidwecho chimatchulidwa m'matembenuzidwe aku Russia cha "Hope Yachikristu ya Kozma Indicoplov, mumitundu ina yambiri yabodza - Pinik ndi a Harad. Amakhulupirira kuti anali onunkhira ndipo amatha kuwuluka pachilumba choyimira, chomwe chili pafupi ndi Paradiso. Komabe, m'masiku amenewo, chifaniziro cha Hamayun sichinadziwike ndipo m'chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe ndi nthano chabe sizinalowe.Nthawi yotsatira, kutchulidwa kwa chikhalidwe kumapezeka m'magawo a XVII-HVIIII zaka zambiri, komwe Hamanuna amafotokoza ngati mbalame ya mbalame yokhala ndi paradiso ndi mpheta. Khalidwe ili limapezeka patsamba lakale komanso mabuku ena aluso m'madzi osiyanasiyana, limatha kuwoneka mosiyana, ndipo malo omwe adachokera amatchedwa India, omenyera.
Pokhala ndi vuto lililonse, mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe amasungidwa - mbalameyi imavalidwa mlengalenga, ntchentche, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira, ndipo mwina sizimakhala kumbuyo kwa iwo ndi nthenga.
Gayunun pachikhalidwe
Mu xvii-xvii zaka mazana ambiri, chithunzi cha mbalame Hamayun chinapangidwanso m'mabuku okongoletsera ndipo adapangidwa pabwalo lachifumu. Tsar Mikhalovich kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20 lagula kuchokera kumalonda amodzi mwa Hamon chotengera cha Hamasun, chonanitsidwa ndi ngale. Khalidwe lidawonetsedwa pa zikwangwani ndi mfuti.
Mu xix-xxi zaka zambiri, chithunzichi chaluso chimakonda. Mbalameyo imawonekera ntchito za ndakatulo ndi olemba. Mwachitsanzo, Konstantin Balmontt Gayutun amapeza kuyimba kwa anthu, ofanana ndi "kulira kwa zingwe zodetsa", ndipo maloto amodzi obwera "omwe amapezeka.
Mu 1897, chithunzi chodziwika bwino cha Viktor Vasnetsov "Gayunun, chinthu cha mbalame" chidawonekera. Chinsinsi ichi chinapereka chiwonetsero cha kapangidwe kake ka chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha Russia. Pachithunzichi vasnetsov, ganyun ndi ofanana ndi fanizo lomwe lakhazikitsidwa kale nthawi imeneyo. Uwu ndi mbalame yokhala ndi mapiko akuda komanso nkhope ya mkazi yemwe adapatsa ana ndi kuda nkhawa, mantha. Chithunzichi, chopangidwa mu zofiirira-zofiirira komanso zakuda ndi zazitali, zakhala zolimbikitsa kwambiri komanso malingaliro owoneka bwino, omwe amalamulira pagulu panthawiyo.
Mu 1908, wolemba ndakatulo Alexander block, wokopeka ndi chithunzi vasnetsov, adalemba ndakatulo ya "hamaun, mbalame ya mbalame," pomwe adapanga chithunzi chomvetsa chisoni cha chilombo cha mavuto. Block Gayun alosera mdani wa goli goli, kuphedwa magazi, moto, njala, "kufa kwa zolondola" ndi "Mphamvu yolondola." Pamlomo ya wolosera - magazi oyikidwa ndi magazi, mawu akuti akuwopseza anali owundana nkhope yokongola. Ndakatuloyi yasanduka chikhalidwe cha Russia komanso mbiri ya zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Pambuyo pake, wolemba Dmitry snostakovich adayika ndakatulo iyi ku nyimbo.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, chithunzi cha Gayunun "pops" mu ntchito za Akhmatova, komwe chikhalidwe chimayamba kukhala mbalame yachisoni, yomwe imagogoda panjira yomvetsa chisoni. Dzina la Mobical lidatchedwa magazini ndi mabwalo aomentrants olemba anzawo. Mu ntchito ya ndakatulo, Hamayun adakhala chizindikiro cha imfa ndi kuthamangitsidwa, nkhanza ndi kupanda chilungamo.
Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri, chithunzi cha mbalame "kachiwiri ndikukhala chizindikiro cha chitsitsimutso ndikuyembekeza kuti kuwuka kwa dzikolo, mwachitsanzo, mu nyimbo za VYOMIR vybanshkikov.
Dzinalo la mbalame ndi mkhalidwe wa zaka za zana la makumi awiri "mndandanda wamalire a boma" - sutior Ivan trofimovich Gayun. Udindo wa Advise Alexander Denisov.
Mu 1992, buku "nyimbo za mbalame za Gayun" zidasindikizidwa. Adalemba A.I. Abuwo pansi pa olima masika a pseudom. Mmenemo, ngwazi zachibodza zimafotokozedwa kuti ndi mthenga wa Mulungu wa Mulungu; Gayun ndiye wosunga zinsinsi zakale ndi wamkulu kwambiri omwe amatsegula anthu omwe amakonda kudziwa za kubwerako. Ngakhale kuti bukuli lalembedwa mumtundu wa pseudoistoria ndipo kutumizidwa kumapezeka nthawi zambiri kumapanga zinthu zazikulu komanso ngakhale mabukisi asukulu.
Gayun ndi chithunzi chotchuka mu Heraldry. Kumeneko, zikutanthauza kuti anthu akukhalamo mosangalala komanso amtendere, kuyang'anira komwe kumadutsa. Imawonetsedwa pa chovala cha manja a scholensk - mbalame yachikasu yokhala ndi mapiko a mfuti yakale. Nthawi zina imasokonezedwa ndi mbalame ya phoenix, yomwe, yopuma kuchokera ku mapulusa, imayimira chitsitsimutso ndikusintha.
Zosangalatsa
- Zithunzi za mbalame zachikale zili popentala kwa kolomena kunyumba yachifumu ku Moscow. "Zolemba Zokhazikika Pam Wall", zomwe zapanga chilengedwe chodabwitsa chimakokedwa, kupangidwa mu 1664-1666.
- Mu "Wizard", adalemba mu 1664, zidanenedwa kuti Mtsogoleri wa Royal Sokolnikov ndi okhazikika kuchokera ku Black ndi White Taffeta ndipo adakongoletsedwa ndi "mbalame ya Hamaun" . Olemba mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti ichi ndiye gawo losakira lomwe la Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
- Mbalame Yopanda Mapiko, Kukumbukira kwa Hedgehog, ili mu Edition wakale waku Russia wa 1694. Wolemba chithunzicho ndiye wotchuka waku Russia woyenera.
- Pa Slavic Neomi Flology, gadanun ndi antipode wowala wa mbalame ya Sirin. Amakhala pachilumbachi kunyanja ya Alakra, koma nthawi zambiri amayendera anthu kuti adutse kwa milungu.
M'bali
- 1992 - "Mbalame ya Gamunn"
- 2001 - "Slavic Ellhirary: Mtanthauzira mawu wa mayina ndi zizindikilo"
- 2014 - "mbalame za Anthropomorphic, Simorg ndi Semargl"