Chiphunzitso
Claude debussy anali amodzi mwa olemba achi French omwe a French a French apita kumapeto kwa 19 - kwa zaka zana zapitazo. Wokhala wa gulu la "Art Rogoev", omwe sanazindikire miyambo yapakale, adadziwika kuti ndi gulu lazinthu zingapo zabwino kwambiri ndipo adazindikiridwa ndi woimira wamkulu wa nyimbo za nyimbo za ku European.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
ASUL CABEE Debussy adabadwa kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Paris pa August 22, 1862 ndipo anali wamkulu mwa ana asanu a akilla debussy ndi mafunso a mkazi wake. Mpaka 1870, banja la wopeka mtsogolo limakhala likulu la ku France, kenako nkusamukira ku Cannes, kunyumba ya abale pamzere wa amayi. Kumeneko, a Claude aang'ono anayamba kuphunzitsa masewerawa pa piano moyang'aniridwa ndi woimbira waku Italiya wa ku Italy Trutti.
Debissy idakhala wophunzira waluso ndipo ali m'badwo wa Paris Bearvatory, pomwe kwa zaka 11 adaphunzira njira yochezera zida zama kiyibodi, Solfeggio, nthano, nthano. Mu 1874, a Claude adalandira ndalama kuti aphedwe ndi konsati ya konsati ndipo adadziwika kuti ndi piyano wokongola.
Pa nthawi ya tchuthi cha chilimwe, 1879 Debussy adasangalatsa alendo a Schononslo ndipo adayamba kuchitidwa bwino kwambiri. Chaka chotsatira, pofunafuna moyo wokongola, mnyamatayo ali ndi oimba ndi aphunzitsi a Peter Iikovsky, akuyembekeza ku Fon Coccsky, akuyembekeza kuti Vonccsksky, akuyembekeza kuti von Meccsk, ndi zaka 2 adapita ku France, Switherland, Italy ndi Russia. Podzafika 1882, a Claude adalemba "ballade à," Madrid, Mfumu Princes "ndi piyano" mchere wachinsinsi ".
Debussi Conservator idayambitsa mkwiyo wa aphunzitsi, kusokoneza mabowo azomwe zimapangidwa. Komabe, mu 1884, adalandira "mphotho yotchuka ya Roma," l'anventhant "ndipo anapitiliza maphunziro ake ku Italy. Nyimbo zakomweko sizinalimbikitse caldeu lukwerero, yemwe anali wokonda kupangika malingaliro ake olenga, osagwa mothandizidwa ndi anzawo otchuka.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ntchito za nthawi ya ku Italy ya moyo wa debussy, malinga ndi mgwirizano wophunzitsira, zomwe zimaperekedwa ku Conservatory, aphunzitsi adapezeka achilendo, zombo ndi zozizwitsa. Kubwerera ku Paris, Claude mwachidule kutayika mwachidule "ufulu wa nyimbo", kuti athetse mphamvu za nyimbo za Richard wa Richard. Posakhalitsa anazindikira kuti luso la waku Germany alibe tsogolo.
Nyimbo
Ntchito zoyambirira za debusy zidaphedwa kangapo pagulu, koma sizinamupatse bwino kwambiri komanso kutchuka. Ngakhale izi, opanga anzawo adazindikira luso la wolemba wachinyamata ndipo mu 1893 adatenga mu komiti ya National Music Society, komwe a Claude adayambitsa kuti "chingwe chokha cha Maurice.
M'chaka chomwecho, chochitika chinachitika chomwe chinali chamtengo wapatali pa zakumwa zopanga debussy. Wolembayo adachezera Prifiere wa kusewera pa Sewero a Maurice Meterlinka "Pelleas ndi Melizanda" ndipo adaganiza kuti makonzedwe awa abwezeretsedwanso mu mtundu wa opera. Posakhalitsa a Debussi adalandira chilolezo cha wolemba wa BALLGIAN pa kusokonekera kwa ntchitoyo ndipo, popanda kutaya nthawi, adayamba kugwira ntchito.
Zojambula zazikulu za wovota wamtsogolo wopezeka mu Disembala 1894. Nthawi yomweyo, ndakatulo ya symphony ikuyesetsa "masana masana avna" idafotokozedwa mu nyimbo ", zomwe zidavomerezedwa pagulu.
Mu 1900, a Claude anayamba kupita kumisonkhano ya anthu osadziwika bwino "a atsogoleri a nkhosa", omwe adaphatikizapo ojambula achichepere, olemba ndakatulo, otsutsa ndi otsutsa aluso ". Mamembala ambiri a gululi adapita ndi Prbrestral of the Ornsturdov "Nokturnov" Desbussy amatchedwa "mitambo", "siren". Kuwunikira kwa ntchitoyi kunali kosangalatsa: Otsutsa ena amakhulupirira kuti wolembayo adachitadi, ena anayamika mphamvu, chithumwa, chikondwerero chachikulu cha wolemba.
Kuyambira mu 1898, a Claude adagwira ntchito yokhudza kulembetsa kwa opera ndipo adatsogolera ndi utsogoleri wa paris zisudzo poyang'anizana ndi Albert Carre. Zotsatira zake, mu Epulo 1902, "Opéra-comas," Pedyaas ndi Melesandda ", yomwe idagawika anthu pa mafani ndi okayikira.
Ngakhale lingaliro la ntchito yatsopano ya Debussy linali lotchuka, pomwepo opera adayamba kutchuka ndipo adapanga wolemba pa kavalo wadongosolo lolemekezeka, lomwe limadziwika ndi mayiko ena aku Europe. Kugonjera kwa mawu kudafalitsidwa mu Meyi 1902, ndipo buku lathunthu la zolemba lidasindikizidwa mu 1904.
Mu 1905, ku Paris, Debussi adayamba kuwonetsa "nyanja" ya Symphonic, yomwe ilinso ndi mikangano, ndikusangalatsa chidwi cha wovota. Kumapeto kwa ma m'ma 1900, zomwe alaud nthawi zambiri zimawonekera m'mapulogalamu aku Consart kudziko lakwawo ndi kunja. Suite "ngodya ya ana" ndi zidutswa za "kuvina kwa chipale chofewa" ndi "m'busa" wotchuka kwambiri.
Kuzindikira kwa anthu omwe adakwapulidwa kuti agwire ntchito. Mu 1910-1913, wovotayo adapanga play yotchuka kwambiri ya piano, malo apadera pakati pa omwe "amapambana", ndi malembedwe oterewa ndi "gulu la" Terraran ya madeti mu kuwala kwa mwezi. "
Mu 1914, a Claude adayamba kugwira ntchito yozungulira 6 ya anatatas pazolinga zosiyanasiyana, koma matenda akufa adaletsedwa ndikumaliza kwathunthu. Debussi yomaliza ku Debussi inali ntchito ya valin ndi piyano, yolembedwa mu 1917.
Moyo Wanu
Pa zaka zambiri zophunzirira ku Debussi Conservatory, malingaliro olimba amayesedwa. Kukonda kwake kunali kwa wophunzira wa kalasi yoyimba dzina lake Marie, yemwe adakwatirana ndi olemba achinyamata a Henri Vasnya. Posakhalitsa mtsikanayo adakhala mbuye wake ndi wosungirako malo opanga, maubalewo anapitilira zaka 7.
Mu 1890, a Marie anawononga maubwenzi ndi debusy ndipo anabwerera kwa mnzake. Kuchokera pa chikondi cha wopangira, nyimbo 27 zidasiyidwa zopangidwa kwa wochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, komaliza momwe zidaliridwe za mandolin.
Atangolekana ndi Madame Vänaja Claude adakumana ndi mwana wamkazi wa gulu la liziee, lomwe limatchedwa Gabriel Duant. Zaka zitatu atatha kuyamba kwa a Claude ndi Gabi, moyo wolumikizana ku Paris zinayamba. Nthawi yomweyo, Debussi adayamba buku la Sseres Teresa Roger ndipo mu 1894 adapereka dzanja ndi mtima wake. Anzanu ndi omwe amawadziwa adatsutsa machitidwe a wopangawo ndikuthandizira kuti izi zitheke.
Zaka 5 pambuyo pake, a Claude, pamapeto pake, adakwatirana ndi mnzake Marie-Rosalie. Textmen Lilly. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti kuvomerezedwa kwa Mkwatibwi wopangira Mkwatibwi adayamba kuwopseza kudzipha. Mnzake wachinyamatayo anali achifundo, othandiza komanso osapita m'mbali, anali kukonda kwambiri anthu ozungulira debussy.
Komabe, Lilly sanawalitse ndi malingaliro ndipo sanamvetsetse nyimbo, motero a Cuntilime, ali ndi ludzu lam'mimba, anatumiza munthu wina wokwatirana naye ndipo anayamba buku lokhala ndi woyimba wa Emma Bordak. Mkazi wovomerezeka wa anthu amene anaphunzira za munthu wachinyengo ndipo anayesa kudzipha. Izi zidapangitsa kuti anthu azitha kuthandizidwa ndi debussi kuti azithandiza komanso kulemekeza anzawo.
Mu 1905, wokonda woyembekezera wa a Claude adasiya mwamuna wake, ndipo awiriwa adayamba ku London. Omwe adakambirana, okondawa adabwerera ku France ndikugula nyumba ku Paris pa Avenue Fosh, komwe mwana wamkazi yekhayo wa Emma ndi dzina la dzina la Emma ndi dzina lofatsa Safu. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pakubwera kwa mwana, a Bordak ndi debussy adakwatirana ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyo wotsalira.
Sakudziwika ngati Debussy amakonda wina kuti akhaledi. Kutanganidwa ndi nyimbo, sanaganize za moyo wake. Titha kuganiziridwa kuti wopeberetsa anali kumva mwachikondi kwa mwana wake wamkazi, zomwe zidakhala chinthu pazithunzi zambiri zomwe zapezeka muzosungidwa za French wodziwika.
Imfa
Mu 1908, Debussi anapezekanso, khansa yakonli, kenako chifukwa cha imfa ya wopatulika, omwe anakhala zaka 10 polimbana ndi zowawa zowawa. Mu 1915, madotolo adagwira ntchito ya claude, koma zotsatira zake zinali zovuta kwakanthawi.
Matendawa atatha, M French wodziwika adapitilizabe kupanga nyimbo ndikuchita ndi makonsati, kwa nthawi yomaliza yomwe adawonedwa pagulu ku Sonata ndi Piano Premier 1917.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1918, a Claude ankamangidwa kukagona ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wongothokoza kwambiri kwa akazi a Emma ndi mwana wamkazi wa Sashopu. Mankhwalawa sanathandizidwenso, ndipo pa Marichi 25, 1918, Debussy anamwalira ku Paris, m'nyumba mwake pa Avenue Fosh.
Zochitika za nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse zinafafaniza maliro owoneka bwino. Thupi la wovotalo linanyamula m'misewu yopanda kanthu ndipo idayikidwa kwakanthawi kumanda a lashez. Masiyi amatsutsana ndi zomaliza za womwalirayo, zomwe zimafuna kuti "zikapumule pakati pa mitengo ndi mbalame", choncho camu ", kotero carfin bokosi la Debussy adasamutsidwira kumalo omangira, pafupi ndi nkhalango ya Boulogne.
Nyimbo
- 1882 - Suite "Wiliumph vatha"
- 1882 - Noctorne ndi Sceberne wa Violin ndi Piano
- 1887 - Suite "Spring"
- 1891 - Apou masana "
- 1893-189599599 TATAAS ndi Melizanda
- 1994 - Zithunzi "
- 1906-1908 - Suite "ngodya ya ana"
- 1910 - Imapereka (Kulemba 1)
- 1911-1913 - Kunena (Kulemba 2)
- 1914 - "Heroan Lollaby"
- 1916-1917 - sonata kwa valin ndi piyano